Continuous reflection: Feminism, Protests, and Social Media
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Continuous reflection: Feminism, Protests, and Social Media
- 2. What is Intersectionality in Feminism? “The view that women experience oppression in varying configurations and in varying degrees of intensity. Cultural patterns of oppression are not only interrelated, but are bound together and influence by the intersectional systems of society.” - Kimberle Crenshaw, 1989
- 4. Racism in Feminism 5 Does racism exist in feminism?
- 5. Famous Feminists Frances M. Beal Ava Vidal 6 7
- 6. Do we still need Feminism? 8 9 U.S. Median Salaries
- 7. References • Crenshaw, K. (1993). Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review , 1241 – 1245 • Burnham, L. (N/D). Frances M. Beal. Retrieved May 18, 2014, from The Women's Building: http://www.womensbuilding.org/twb/index.php/frances-m-beal • Vidal, A. (2014, January 15). 'Intersectional feminism'. What the hell is it? (And why you should care). Retrieved May 18, 2014, from The Telegraph: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens- life/10572435/Intersectional-feminism.-What-the-hell-is-it-And-why-you-should-care.html 1. Wordpress, The World of Raven, accessed 18/05/2014 https://theworldofraven.wordpress.com/tag/fathers-for-justice/ 2. Wordpress: Jadebate, accessed 18/05/2014 http://jadebate.wordpress.com/2013/07/21/flowercrowns-and- feminism/ 3. Weebly, accessed 18/05/2014, http://chsaplitprideandprejudice.weebly.com/feminism.html 4. The Huffington Post, accessed 18/05/2014, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/13/disturbing-google- searche_n_4269585.html 5. Queereka, accessed 18/05/2014, http://queereka.com/2013/08/07/why-do-straight- feminists-hate-lesbian-and-trans-feminists/
- 8. The Power of Protest The steps for organising a successful protest It is more than just meeting in a street
- 10. Recognition Sit ins were a small start in the Civil Rights Movement when four young college men sat at a white lunch counter and refused to leave until they were served. This shows the power coming from below. 2
- 11. Coordination 3
- 12. Accepting Repercussions 4 Protestor getting arrested, like many others around her.
- 13. Overcoming Constraints “Those who try to mobilize disruptive power must overcome the constraints typically imposed by their multiple relations with others” - Frances Fox Piven
- 14. References Baldwin, D. L. (N/D). The Civil Rights Movement. Retrieved May 18, 2014, from Africana Age: http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/essay-civil- rights.html#bib Piven, F. F. (2008). Can Power from Below Change the Word? American Sociological Review , 73, 9-12. 1. Waldow Social, accessed 18/05/2014, http://waldowsocial.com/category/email-marketing/breaking-the- rules/page/2/ 2. USA Today, accessed 18/05/2014, http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2010-02-01-sit-ins-civil- rights_N.htm?csp=N009 3. Projects Projects, accessed 18/05/2014, http://projectprojects.com/planning-for-protest/ 4. World Culture Pictorial, accessed 18/05/2014, http://www.worldculturepictorial.com/blog/content/oilsands-tar-sands- protest-washington-2011-keystone-xl-pipeline
- 16. What is Social Media and How Does It Work? 1 2 3
- 17. By Itself? 4
- 19. More Harm than Good? 6
- 20. An Example… 7 A protestor, using icons from popular Internet and social media sites to spell out the word ‘Egypt’ during a demonstration.
- 21. References Beaumont, P. (2011, February 25). The truth about Twitter, Facebook, and the uprisings in the Arab World. The Guardian . Unknown. (2013, December 16). Arab Uprising: Country by country - Tunisia. Retrieved May 21, 2013, from BBC News: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-12482315 1. Facebook, accessed 21/05/2014, www.facebook.com 2. Unknown, accessed 21/05/2014, http://www.debaird.net/.a/6a00d8341c007953ef0192abdff760970d- popup 3. Twitter, accessed 21/05/2014, www.twitter.com 4. Media, War, Truth, accessed 21/05/2014, http://mediawartruth.wordpress.com/tag/social-media-2/ 5. University of Texas, San Antonio, accessed 21/05/2014, http://utsa.edu/students/sanews/2012/issue19/announcements.html 6. Ghana Move, accessed 21/05/2014, http://ghanamove.wordpress.com/2014/05/13/netizens-to- michelle-obama-bringbackyourdrones/ 7. Smedio – The Power of Social Media, accessed 21/05/2014, . http://www.smedio.com/the-power-of- social-media-%E2%80%94-a-blessing-or-a-curse/
Editor's Notes
- Frances M. Beal Frances M. Beal was born in New York in 1940, to a Jewish mother and an African American father. She was subject to hate comments as a child, as Jews and African Americans were being persecuted. She is an advocate for black women’s rights, and has organised many social events, to bring to alight black women’s rights. Ava Vidal Ava Vidal is a black British comedienne, who writes articles for the British newspaper, The Telegraph. She is known for her upbeat lifestyle articles. However she is also feminist. She writes articles on intersectionality in feminism. She is certainly not the stereotypical feminist. Whilst she is female, she is of colour and a mother. She has a job in a male dominated industry, and uses mean comments directed at her as fuel for her comedy.
- Although the feminist movement was at its highest in the twentieth century, feminism is still needed today. Women have certainly gained more rights then they previously had, however they are still not equal. Picture 9. demonstrates the U.S. Median Income Levels by race and gender in 2009. It is quite obvious that across all races, males still earn the most. Pay is still not equal. However, what is more alarming is the fact that people of African American and Hispanic races income levels are significantly lower. It is reasons like this that feminism is still needed today. 8. http://jmuwomensstudentcaucus.wordpress.com/2012/04/12/feminism-really-is-for-everybody/ Shout Out 9. http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2012/04/17/465806/charts-how-unequal-pay-is-even-more-unequal-for-some-women/ Think Progress
- For a protest or social movement to be successful, participants need to break the rules, ideas and routines of what they are protesting against. Rules are seen as “instruments of power and rule making is a strategy by which dominant groups, drawing on the full range of power resources available to them” (pg.9). A protest is to go against the rules, ideas or routines that are in place, so breaking these rules is a must, to organise a successful protest.
- The idea of recognition is to recognize the potential of power from below. In order fro a successful protest, the protestors need to recognize that there is an issue they can fight, and that they can make a change from the position they are in. The Civil Rights Movement, which fought for right for African Americans may have been publicized throughout the late 1950s-1960s, but started well before that. It was formed by a number of African Americans all wanting equal rights. By themselves, they did not have the power to change the world by themselves, however together they managed to bring to issue to the forefront. The power from below brought so much change for African Americans.
- All movements and protests need to have good coordination in order to succeed. Contributions need to be made to support the ongoing economic and political activities that are needed to support the movement. This can come in the form of monetary donations, and donating areas for people to gather and organize the event. Protests and movements are not just someone turning up to stand in the middle of a street picketing and yelling slogans. It takes a lot of time and money to organise a successful protest or movement.
- Accepting the repercussions is another major factor in protesting. This could be the repercussions of the outcome of what you are fighting for, or the repercussions of fighting. They can be both positive and negative, and may affect the protestor personally, or the group as a whole. Some repercussions may be the protestor getting injured, or hurt. Or if the police get involved, the protestor could get arrested and develop a criminal record, which could then in turn affect future job prospects and international travel. If people are striking or protesting over job conditions, they could lose their job or come back to worse conditions. They could also lose pay benefits and would most likely not get paid on the day of the protest unless they use their leave entitlements.
- The last step is to overcome the constraints or restrictions involved. Whilst ‘breaking the rules’ (step 1.) is a component of organising protests and movement, their may still be restrictions that need to be overcome. Frances Fox Piven explains: “Those who try to mobilize disruptive power must overcome the constraints typically imposed by their multiple relations with others, as when would-be peasant insurgents are constrained by the threat of religious excommunication, or when labor insurgents are constrained by family responsibility” (pg.12). This shows the constraints that need to be overcome from different prospective. These constraints may be beliefs protestors have, or repercussions protestors would have to deal with.
- Social media is one of the most popular inventions of the twenty-first century. It is used by millions of people world wide, and has become a main communication tool to the world of the Internet. Facebook, Twitter and Instagram are among the most used worldwide. People can showcase theirs lives, businesses can showcase their products, and charities and organisations can showcase what they are fighting for. Nowadays, some people cannot even go out for lunch without broadcasting to the world what they are having. But with the ability of social media to broadcast causes worldwide, can it overthrow a government? www.facebook.com Facebook http://www.debaird.net/.a/6a00d8341c007953ef0192abdff760970d-popup Twiiter.com Twitter
- It would be extremely difficult for the power of social media to overthrow a government all by itself. Whilst it is a good source to gain momentum and to showcase online protests against governments, the power of social media by itself would not be able to take a government out of power. Reasons for this include the fact that not everyone is on social media. With social media still being so young, older generations have not caught onto this interactive concept of our lives. And whilst a lot of younger people so use social media, not everyone has every thread of social media. Some may only have Facebook, whilst others have Twitter. If an event or protest were being showcased on Facebook, those people who only use Twitter would not see the event until it was shared into the ‘Twitterverse’.
- Social Media can be seen as both a positive and negative aspect of the twenty-first century, especially in terms of protest. It can be positive in the way that it is a great organisational tool. People can create and share events, protests and causes online. So many people can see what is happening by the click of a button. However as not all people use social media, not everyone will be able to see these events created. It also gives way to online protests, which governments can see if they wish. People can post on the governments ‘Facebook wall’ (providing the government has a Facebook page), their current concerns and other people can express if they agree. Social media also helps younger generations get involved in events that affect them, ones that they most likely would not even know about.
- The down side of social media is that sometimes it create more harm then good. You can never really know who is behind a social media post, event, or protest. There are many stories of people what have been affected by scams on social media. There is no easy way that you can find out if the cause you are supporting is legitimate. Fake causes have been created, and fake accounts exist purely to exploit people. Liking and sharing a social media page will not be enough to see a good outcome for a protest. Social media campaigns can also encourage backlash towards a campaign. The current #BringBackOurGirls campaign, which is attempting to free over 200 Nigerian girls after they were kidnapped by terrorists, has seen a number of setbacks. When the campaign first came to attention on social media, more deaths occurred in the area. It also created backlash after Michelle Obama, wife of U.S. President Barack Obama, posted on social media a sign saying #BringBackOurGirls. This saw anti war protestors tweet her back about the U.S.’s involvement in wars. (See pictures above) 6. Move
- The Arab Spring Revolutions is an example of governments in Libya, Tunisia, and Egypt being overthrown with the help of social media. Pro-democracy activists fought the governments so the citizens could live free in their country, and not live under a dictator regime. Sultan Al Qassemi, a columnist in the United Arab Emirates states: “Social media has certainly played a part in the Arab Spring Revolutions but its impact is often exaggerated on the inside… Where social media had a major impact was conveying news to the outside world…This information has been instrumental in garnering the attention of the citizens of their world who expressed solidarity with those suppressed individuals and may even put pressure on their own governments to react.” This shows how social media was used in a positive manner. The power of social media did not overthrow the government itself, however the way it was used generated worldwide attention to the dire issues impacting the Arab area.