Content: Introduction and Status quo . 2 Ontology . Epistemology . Me hodolog . . .3 Research De ign . . 4 The introduction of Background Theory . 4 Background Theorie . Reference . . . .. . 6 Introduction and status quo The family business is the prevalent organizational form of business globally (Daily and Dollinger, 1993). One of the distinguishing features of family firms (FFs) is that they are built upon close relationships among family members (Cruz et al., 2010), which can serve as a valuable resource for serious tensions (Herrero, 2018). Some scholars see conflict as the source of all evil (Jayantilal et al., 2016) that can create anxiety, especially among spouses. The tensions may be transferred to other family members, notably the children, which may cause severe dysfunctional problems in the family. These problems may put the whole family business in danger. These assumptions are too simplistic and misleading and are one of the main reasons why the literature on this topic remains largely undertheorized and fragmented, resulting in theoretical limitations and empirical indeterminacy (Pai and Bendersky, 2020). we (Paola Rovelli,2021) advice for further research that looks more closely at the family system, considering for instance aspects such as conflicts to increase their attention towards the consequences of such inconsistencies. The psychology literature suggests that moderate levels of conflict may enhance group performance through improved decision-making processes, fostered innovation, and enhanced creativity Likewise, conflict is not always negative (cognitive conflict), as it may lead to constructive challenges and improvements (e.g., Ensley & Pearson, 2005. The purpose of this research is that it will give insights to understand why in some contexts conflict leads to negative performance and why in others to a positive outcome. Ontology An area of philosoph , that deals with the nature of being, or what exists; the area of philosophy that asks what is and what the fundamental categories of reality are (Neuman, 2014, p. 94). social reality is created by subjects through their interactions and interpretations, actors influence structures and regularities, knowledge about social reality is always dependent on subjects and social relations. In the concept of ontology, this research will put in the concept of nominalism (as opposed to realism). Nominalists believe in multiple versions of reality, which is derived from the researcher s interpretations of truth, and depending on the researcher s experience, it can only be transferred to similar contexts. conflicts, as phenomena of social reality (Kellermanns and Eddleston, 2004) focuses on communications, relationships and sees communicative acts as the elements rather than persons. To understand it, the researcher should penetrate the depth of the matter. Conflicts as a complex web of ...

1. Content:
Introduction and Status quo . 2
Ontology .
Epistemology .
Me hodolog . . .3
Research De ign . . 4
The introduction of Background Theory . 4
Background Theorie .
Reference . . . .. . 6
Introduction and status quo
The family business is the prevalent organizational form of
business globally (Daily and Dollinger,
1993). One of the distinguishing features of family firms (FFs)
is that they are built upon close
relationships among family members (Cruz et al., 2010), which
can serve as a valuable resource
for serious tensions (Herrero, 2018). Some scholars see conflict
as the source of all evil (Jayantilal

2. et al., 2016) that can create anxiety, especially among spouses.
The tensions may be transferred to
other family members, notably the children, which may cause
severe dysfunctional problems in
the family. These problems may put the whole family business
in danger. These assumptions are
too simplistic and misleading and are one of the main reasons
why the literature on this topic
remains largely undertheorized and fragmented, resulting in
theoretical limitations and empirical
indeterminacy (Pai and Bendersky, 2020). we (Paola
Rovelli,2021) advice for further research
that looks more closely at the family system, considering for
instance aspects such as conflicts to
increase their attention towards the consequences of such
inconsistencies. The psychology
literature suggests that moderate levels of conflict may enhance
group performance through
improved decision-making processes, fostered innovation, and
enhanced creativity Likewise,
conflict is not always negative (cognitive conflict), as it may
lead to constructive challenges and
improvements (e.g., Ensley & Pearson, 2005. The purpose of
this research is that it will give

3. insights to understand why in some contexts conflict leads to
negative performance and why in
others to a positive outcome.
Ontology
An area of philosoph , that deals with the nature of being, or
what exists; the area of philosophy
that asks what is and what the fundamental categories of reality
are (Neuman, 2014, p. 94). social
reality is created by subjects through their interactions and
interpretations, actors influence
structures and regularities, knowledge about social reality is
always dependent on subjects and
social relations. In the concept of ontology, this research will
put in the concept of nominalism
(as opposed to realism). Nominalists believe in multiple
versions of reality, which is derived from
the researcher s interpretations of truth, and depending on the
researcher s experience, it can only
be transferred to similar contexts. conflicts, as phenomena of
social reality (Kellermanns and
Eddleston, 2004) focuses on communications, relationships and

4. sees communicative acts as the
elements rather than persons. To understand it, the researcher
should penetrate the depth of the
matter. Conflicts as a complex web of social relationships
Epistemology
An area of philosophy concerned with the creation of
knowledge; focuses on how we know what
we know or what are the most valid ways to reach the truth.
(Neuman, 2014, p. 95).in the concept
of the epistemological contin m here concepts are gro nded in
the field s perspectives,
scientific e planations aim at nderstanding the field s reality
constructions. epistemology put in
the core of the social constructivism of reality that researcher
should acknowledge and interpret
on what is being. in the other words, social constructivism is a
sociological theory of knowledge
according to which human development is socially situated, and
knowledge is constructed through
interaction with others. (Buffalo, sh 2006). Conflicts, struggles,
tensions as a complex web of
social relationships. the meaning of conflict is a social supply
that is constructed as the result of

5. people s behaviors that interact together in social structure.
After that, this social interaction will
be described, analyzed, and interpreted.
Methodology
To investigate this research in the concept of methodology,
social constructionism can enable
the investigation of human beings towards things, the meaning
of such things is derived from or
arises out of, the social interaction one has with one s fello s.
these meanings are handled, and
modified through, an interpretative process used by the person
in dealing with the things he
encounters. It signifies that the scholar wishes to understand the
action of people thus a
researcher must see their objects as they see. to consider that
people act towards things based on
the meaning that these things have for them, not based on the
meaning that these things have for
the outside scholar. (Blumer, 1969, p. 51)
Research design: Why in the model, Type of data, Data
collection, data analysis method
Based on the past literature review (Cristina Bettinelli 2021) in

6. FFs shows that of the 89 articles,
47 use quantitative methods, 13 are conceptual, 1 is editorial, 2
are commentaries, and 22 adopt
qualitative methods. Of these 22 qualitative studies, 4
investigate a single case, while the others
use a multiple case study approach, or interviews and
observations. Thus, our review highlights
the relative absence of studies on the conflict in FFs adopting
qualitative methods, since more
than half use quantitative methods.
Thus, using a qualitative approach, research will employ case
studies to examine the effects of
different conflicts in FFs and this research follow an inductive
approach. The actual data will
obtain from the interviews with FFs members (not others
working there) after gathering data, the
researcher should be able to analyze these patterns and interpret
them.
In this research, pattern identification (interview transcripts)
and analysis of the data through
(making sense of the meanings of events and interaction) to
design data collection, analyze,
interpret, and finally, a suggestive theory will be introduced.

7. The introduction of the Background Theory
In literature reviews published in 2021(Cristina Bettinelli 2021)
and (Paola Rovelli 2021) reveal
that conflict tends to emphasize the use of types of
organizational behavior studies. In this regard,
three main theoretical approaches are used regardless of the
locus of conflict. These are conflict
theory (e.g., Cater III et al., 2016; Davis & Harveston, 2001;
Kellermanns & Eddleston, 2004, p.
2007), stewardship theory (e.g., Discua Cruz et al., 2013;
Eddleston & Kellermanns, 2007), and
evolutionary psychology (Collin & Ahlberg, 2012; Nicholson,
2008) game theory (Luce &
Raiffa, 1957). Instead, for some loci, other theories have been
specifically adopted. For example,
identity theory (Le Breton-Miller & Miller, 2014), social
identity theory (LeBreton-Miller&
Miller, 2014; Schmidts, 2013), and theory of relationships
(Gagné et al., 2014). Papers focused
on generational conflict draw on theories such as the systems
psychodynamic perspective
(Petriglieri & Stein, 2012), and leadership theory (Marshall et
al., 2006). TMT conflict studies

8. rely on behavioral theories of management teams (Schjoedt et
al., 2013) or a process-based view
of boards (Zattoni et al., 2015; Zona, 2015, p. 2016). Finally,
organizational conflict studies instead
have taken a broader view, including systems theory (Claßen &
Schulte, 2017), multilevel theory
(Eddleston et al., 2008), and procedural justice theory (Van der
Heyden et al., 2005).
This research is an inductive approach to building a new theory.
In which case, in the beginning,
I will take a very little number of theories and will try to gather
a lot of data to formulate it and
create a suggested theory.
1.1GAME THEORY
Game theory is a theory of social interaction, which attempts to
explain the interaction between
individuals. Game theory is a collection of models attempting to
understand and explain situations
in which individuals interact with one another. Game theory
studies interactive decision-making
between individuals also is widely used in the social sciences,
structure, and understanding
decisions made b rational indi id als in strategic interactions, in

9. hich an indi id al s s ccess
in making choices depends on the choices of others, and the
decisions of one individual affect the
payoffs of another (Luce & Raiffa, 1957). I propose this theory
to understand how decisions are
made in the time of conflict can influence performance in FFs.
And how do the family
members interact and behave in the presence of conflict in FFs?
How do family members in
times of conflict can make a logical decision that doesn’t harm
performance? And in FFs
with the lowest level of conflict, important decisions make more
group or individual? theory
Game describes the relationship in two dimensions of
economics and psychology that can be a
practical theory to find these questions. By utilizing this theory
we can investigate interactions in
FFs in the presence of conflict and its effects on decision
making and finally performance.
1.2CONFLICT THEORY
Conflict(theory) in many family firms occurs in both external
and internal situations that may arise
due to the stress of interaction between the company culture and
those of family units

10. (Danco,1982). There is a natural tendency to suspect the worst
when faced with any conflict
(whether cognitive or affective) and so, to respond to all
conflicts as if they were personal attacks.
Consequently, even when teams try to promote task-oriented
(cognitive conflict) their efforts often
result in personal disaffection (Schweiger et al., 1986).
Moreover, the increasing levels of affective
conflict contribute to undermining the whole decision process
(Klebanoff, 1991). I suggest conflict
theory to identify different forms of conflict in FFs and the
relationship and correlation
between different conflicts? Can positive conflicts destroy the
effect of negative conflicts or
not? Moreover, how can we identify the negative and positive
consequences of conflict in
family firms? when conflict is most beneficial in FFs? what
conflicts need more time to be
resolved? conflict theory needs to acknowledge the details of
the conflict process to identify its
effects on performance in family firms. To discover
interrelations, similarities as well as

11. differences in family companies.
Reference:
1.Blumer, H. (1969). The methodological position of symbolic
interactionism. In H. Blumer (Ed.), Symbolic interactionism:
Perspective and
method (pp. 1-60). Berkeley: University of California Press
2.Buffalo Shuford, Sheri Ho ard and Daniele Fac ndo Social
Constr cti ism (2006) (http:// . o t be.com/ atch?
=pmUO8RBlYJQ)
3.Cater III, J. J., Kidwell, R. E., & Camp, K. M. (2016).
Successor team dynamics in family firms. Family Business
Review, 29(3), 301 326
4.Claßen, C. A. E., & Schulte, R. (2017). How do conflicts
impact change in family businesses? the family system and
families as a catalytic
converter of change. Journal of Organizational Change
Management, 30(7), 1198 1212
5.Collin, S. O. Y., & Ahlberg, J. (2012). Blood in the
boardroom: Family relationships influencing the functions of
the board. Journal of Family
Business Strategy, 3(4), 207 219.
6.Cristina Bettinelli, Marco Mismetti, Alfredo De Massis, and
Barbara Del Bosco A Re ie of Conflict and Cohesion in Social
Relationships in
Famil Firms Entreprene rship Theor and Practice. 2021, DOI:
10. 1177/ 1042 2587 2110 00339, jo rnals. sage p b. com/ home/
etc
7.Cristina Cruz, Pascual Berrone, Luis R. Gomez-Mejia
Socioemotional Wealth and Corporate Responses to Institutional
Pressures: Do family-
controlled Firms Pollute Less? Published March 1, 2010,
Research Articlehttps://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2010.55.1.82
8.Danco, L,1982 Beyond survival.Cleveland: university press
9.Davis, P. S., & Harveston, P. D. (2001). The phenomenon of s

12. bstanti e conflict in the famil firm: A cross generational st d .
Jo rnal of Small
Business Management, 39(1), 14 30
10.Dail , Catherine M; Dollinger, Marc J Alternati e
methodologies for identif ing famil - versus nonfamily-managed
businesses Dail Jo rnal
of Small Business Management; Milwaukee Vol. 31, Iss. 2,
(Apr 1993): 79
11.Discuz Cruz, A., Howarth, C., & Hamilton, E. (2013).
Intrafamily Entrepreneurship: The formation and membership of
family entrepreneurial
teams. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(1), 17 46.
12.Ensle Michael D, Allison W. Pearson An E plorator
Comparison of the Beha ioral D namics of Top Management
Teams in Famil and
Nonfamil Ne Vent res: Cohesion, Conflict, Potenc , and
Consens s Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, May 1, 2005,
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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-
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14.JayantiLal Shital, Silvia Ferreir ,Tomás M. Banegil Palacios
Effects of sibling competition on family firm succession: A
game theory approach
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Journal of Family Business Strategy Volume 7, Issue 4,
December 2016, Pages
260-268
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18.Klebanoff Boris Eq it , Eq alit , Po er, and Conflict Academ
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14. 25.Petriglieri, G., & Stein, M. (2012). The n anted self: Projecti
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https://doi. org/ 10. 1177/ 0149206312463936
Due Date: 11:59 p.m. Sunday of Unit 2

15. Points: 100
Overview:
This week, we talked about the impact culture and ethics can
have on individual and
organizational performance. For this assignment, you will
analyze an individual who is
faced with a moral dilemma in a movie.
Instructions:
• Select a movie from the Movie Choice List found in this
week’s Readings and
Resources.
• Research several ethical frameworks.
o Use your readings from this week to help you select a
framework and do a
more in-depth study of that framework.
• Select one framework as a basis for your decision.
• Analyze the situation or individual in the movie using the
chosen framework.
• Discuss the framework, your decision, and how it fits the
ethical framework you
used for your decision.
Requirements:
• Develop a clear introduction with a thesis, a body, and a
conclusion. Focus on
quality of writing, as opposed to length.

16. • Research and include at least one additional, credible
reference from an outside
source pertaining to the leader you chose.
• Use APA formatting for the cover page, citations, and the
reference page. No
abstract is required.
Be sure to read the criteria by which your work will be
evaluated before you write
and again after you write.
MGT203 – Foundations of Leadership
Unit 2 Assignment: Moral Dilemmas – Choosing Between Two
Rights
Evaluation Rubric for Unit 2 Assignment
CRITERIA Deficient Needs
Improvement
Proficient Exemplary
(0-12 points) (13-19 points) (20-25 points) (26-30 points)
Supporting
Evidence/
Analysis
Lacks specific,
credible, and
relevant

17. support.
Development of
position /
argument is
inadequate or
missing.
There is
evidence of
some support in
the paper, but it
is not tied in well
with the
development of
the position or
argument.
Adequately
supported with
a limited
spectrum of
specific,
credible, and
relevant
evidence.
Development
of position or
argument is
thoughtful and
persuasive but
lacks some
detail.
Well-supported
with a broad
spectrum of

18. specific,
credible, and
relevant
evidence.
Position /
argument is
well-developed,
very thoughtful,
and persuasive.
(0-9 points) (10-14 points) (15-17 points) (18-20 points)
Grammar
and
Mechanics
Lacks polish
and does not
demonstrate
proficiency in
grammar and
mechanics.
Some polish and
proficiency in
grammar and
mechanics is
present.
Generally
polished and
demonstrates
proficiency in
grammar and
mechanics.
Polished and

19. demonstrates a
high level of
proficiency in
grammar and
mechanics.
(0-7 points) (8-10 points) (11-13 points) (14-15 points)
Introduction
and Thesis
Statement
Unclear or
incomplete
Introduction and
thesis are
present but lack
detail and
clarity.
Introduction
with a partially
developed
thesis.
Clear, well-
developed,
introduction and
thesis.
Conclusion No conclusion
included.
Conclusion is
present but does
not tie in with

20. the rest of the
paper.
Some attempt
at a conclusion,
but it is not well
written.
Well-written and
fully developed
conclusion.
(0-4 points) (5-6 points) (7-8 points) (9-10 points)
Clarity and
Organization
Lack
organization,
logic, and
clarity.
Transitions
seldom or never
Organization,
logic and/or
clarity are
missing.
Transitions are
used but are
Generally
organized,
logical, and
clearly
articulated.

21. Transitions
Paragraph
formation is
clear. Fully
organized,
logical and
clearly
used to connect
ideas.
confusing and
difficult to follow.
often smoothly
connect ideas.
articulated.
Transitions
smoothly
connect ideas.
APA
Formatting
Paper has no
APA formatting
and contains no
credible
references.
There is some
attempt at APA

22. formatting in the
paper, but it is
not correctly
used. One
credible
reference is
used.
Paper lacks
one element of
APA (cover,
references or
in-text
citations), but
does contain
one credible
reference.
Paper has all
elements of
APA formatting
used properly
with at least one
credible
reference used.
Overview:Instructions:Requirements: