This document provides information on the organization and content of a course on supply chain management. It outlines the various topics that will be covered in lectures, exercises, assignments and case discussions. It also details the grading policy, with various assessments accounting for specific percentages of the overall grade. Finally, it lists the required and reference textbooks for the course.
This document provides an overview of a lecture on supply chain management given by Dr. Ravi Shankar. The objectives of the session are to understand basic SCM concepts, relate SCM to business practices, assess organizational needs, and understand recent SCM trends. It discusses SCM frameworks, goals, evolution, decisions, complexity, costs, conflicts between different parts of the supply chain, and uncertainty/risks in SCM. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate key points.
“VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MYANMAR” 2. chapter (2)Aung Lwin
The document discusses the concept of value chains and their application to aquaculture. It defines key terms like value chain, value chain analysis, and the different segments of aquaculture value chains. The upstream segment involves input suppliers, the midstream involves fish farmers, and the downstream involves post-harvest activities like processing and retail. The document also reviews the role of fisheries and aquaculture in meeting global food demand and its economic and social contributions worldwide. China is currently the world's largest aquaculture producer.
The document provides an overview of supply chain management and logistics. It discusses:
- The background and importance of supply chain management since the 1950s due to trends in globalization.
- Key concepts of supply chain management including the flow of materials, information, and finances from suppliers to consumers.
- Components of supply chain management including information sharing, product development, procurement, production, logistics, inventory management, and customer satisfaction.
- The history and advancement of logistics from its origins in military activities to its integral role in modern business.
Hi Friends
This is supa bouy
I am a mentor, Friend for all Management Aspirants, Any query related to anything in Management, Do write me @ supabuoy@gmail.com.
I will try to assist the best way I can.
Cheers to lyf…!!!
Supa Bouy
This document is a project report submitted as part of a Master's degree program. It discusses a study conducted on third-party logistics operations at Origin Logistics Pvt. Ltd. in India. The report includes sections on the objectives of the study, an introduction to third-party logistics, the company profile of Origin Logistics, details of the project conducted, findings and recommendations. Key aspects covered include the advantages of outsourcing logistics to third-party providers, types of third-party logistics providers, implementation issues to consider, and a literature review on third-party logistics in India.
This document provides an overview of a lecture on supply chain management given by Dr. Ravi Shankar. The objectives of the session are to understand basic SCM concepts, relate SCM to business practices, assess organizational needs, and understand recent SCM trends. It discusses SCM frameworks, goals, evolution, decisions, complexity, costs, conflicts between different parts of the supply chain, and uncertainty/risks in SCM. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate key points.
“VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MYANMAR” 2. chapter (2)Aung Lwin
The document discusses the concept of value chains and their application to aquaculture. It defines key terms like value chain, value chain analysis, and the different segments of aquaculture value chains. The upstream segment involves input suppliers, the midstream involves fish farmers, and the downstream involves post-harvest activities like processing and retail. The document also reviews the role of fisheries and aquaculture in meeting global food demand and its economic and social contributions worldwide. China is currently the world's largest aquaculture producer.
The document provides an overview of supply chain management and logistics. It discusses:
- The background and importance of supply chain management since the 1950s due to trends in globalization.
- Key concepts of supply chain management including the flow of materials, information, and finances from suppliers to consumers.
- Components of supply chain management including information sharing, product development, procurement, production, logistics, inventory management, and customer satisfaction.
- The history and advancement of logistics from its origins in military activities to its integral role in modern business.
Hi Friends
This is supa bouy
I am a mentor, Friend for all Management Aspirants, Any query related to anything in Management, Do write me @ supabuoy@gmail.com.
I will try to assist the best way I can.
Cheers to lyf…!!!
Supa Bouy
This document is a project report submitted as part of a Master's degree program. It discusses a study conducted on third-party logistics operations at Origin Logistics Pvt. Ltd. in India. The report includes sections on the objectives of the study, an introduction to third-party logistics, the company profile of Origin Logistics, details of the project conducted, findings and recommendations. Key aspects covered include the advantages of outsourcing logistics to third-party providers, types of third-party logistics providers, implementation issues to consider, and a literature review on third-party logistics in India.
This document provides an overview of the logistics industry in India. It begins with definitions of logistics and discusses how logistics has evolved from its military origins to an important business function. The document outlines the key objectives of logistics management, which include improving customer service, reducing costs, and creating supply chain efficiencies. It also describes the major functions of logistics management, such as order processing, warehousing, and inventory management.
Assignment on logistic and Supply chain Management Anup Roy
The document discusses several key aspects of supply chain management in the service industry:
1. Service industries have little need for physical inputs beyond office supplies and work with a smaller group of suppliers compared to manufacturing. Their primary inputs are labor and capital equipment to allow employees to do their work.
2. Traditional manufacturing supply chain management focuses on logistics of moving physical materials while service industries focus more on information flow and developing relationships with suppliers and customers.
3. The end goal for any company is satisfied customers. Supply chain design in services requires focus on efficient information flow and strong supplier relationships rather than physical logistics networks.
This document provides an overview of logistics concepts and functions. It defines logistics as managing the flow of materials and information from suppliers to manufacturers to customers. The key points are:
1. Logistics ensures the right materials are delivered to the right place at the right time. It involves transportation, inventory, warehousing and other functions.
2. Logistics has become more important due to factors like globalization, increasing competition, and changing customer demands. Proper logistics can provide a competitive advantage.
3. The main logistics functions include transportation, inventory control, information management, and ensuring quality across the supply chain. Logistics aims to minimize costs and inventory while maximizing delivery speed, reliability and
The document is an internship report submitted by Nitin Sharma for his MBA program. It details his internship at the Central Warehousing Corporation Inland Container Depot in Patparganj, where he studied logistics and warehousing. The report includes an executive summary of his findings, the company profile of Central Warehousing Corporation, and sections on the objectives, scope and details of his project analyzing the marketing, operations, finance, management information systems, and record keeping of the facility.
The document discusses logistics and supply chains. It defines logistics as the total management of key operational functions in the supply chain including procurement, production, and distribution. Logistics involves a range of activities like transportation, warehousing, and order fulfillment. Materials management involves planning and controlling inventory. The document also discusses supply chain management, types of supply chains, Porter's value chain model, and analyzing costs in supply chains.
Supply Chain Management vs Logistics ManagementAnupam Kumar
This presentation explores the difference between logistics and supply chain management while tracking the development of the subject of distribution management, its progression to logistics management and its overall integration leading to the development of the subject of supply chain management. This presentation is aimed at explaining the transition of an organization from one stage of operations management to the next. It also explains the increase in the scope of operations management with the advent of the concept of supply chain management or simply SCM.
This presentation is suited for MBA, PGDM or BBA level students of business management and can be used for class lectures, class notes or class discussions. It will also give an idea to the budding entrepreneurs from taking their businesses from one stage of operations management to the next.
This document provides an overview of integrated supply chain management (ISCM) and recommendations for its implementation. It defines ISCM as coordinating the flow of goods, information, and funds from suppliers to customers. The document recommends using the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model to assess a company's supply chain, which breaks the supply chain into planning, sourcing, production, and delivery processes. It also outlines a three phase approach to implementing ISCM - concept, conversion, and execution phases - and the key activities involved in each phase, such as assessing opportunities, developing strategies and organizational structures, and translating strategies into actions.
The document discusses the prospects and challenges of supply chain infrastructure in India's recession-hit economy. It outlines how recessions impact employment, companies, and resources. It also examines the role of transportation, warehousing, and information systems in enabling efficient supply chain operations. The future prospects of supply chain infrastructure development in India are highlighted, such as growing outsourcing and awareness among shippers. However, challenges remain such as the need for continued public and private investment to support growth. Effective supply chain network planning is also essential to optimize costs and ensure robust solutions.
The document discusses third party logistics (3PL) providers. It begins by defining 1PL, 2PL, 3PL and 4PL providers and their roles in the supply chain. It then covers the evolution of 3PL, services provided, benefits of using 3PL, types of 3PL providers including transportation-based, warehouse/distribution-based and more. New technologies in 3PL and relationship management are also discussed. The document concludes with a case study on selecting a 3PL using multi-criteria decision making.
The document provides information on international logistics functions and processes. It discusses:
1) Picking up containers from wharves, which are structures where ships dock to load and unload cargo. Proper safety procedures are important when unloading large shipping containers.
2) Unloading containers following specific safety steps, such as using stands, having a spotter, and moving headers slowly to prevent damage or injury.
3) Storing containers temporarily in warehouses near ports to quickly unload and reload vessels and maximize efficiency in commercial ports.
"Efficient and Effective Logistics by way of On Time Delivery (OTD)- A study ...Ravinder Dahiya
This document presents a project report on improving logistics efficiency at Birla Uttam Cement. The project aimed to identify gaps in the distribution system, assess on-time delivery performance, and find ways to reduce costs and improve customer delivery. Questionnaires were distributed to dealers, agents, and company staff. Major findings included issues like material shortages, vehicle availability, and long secondary distances from depots. Analysis showed secondary distance strongly impacted delivery costs. The report recommends a decentralized distribution system with multiple smaller depots to reduce distances and costs, improving on-time delivery to over 80%. Implementing the recommendations could save an estimated 10.5 million rupees annually in logistics costs.
Logistics related issues and solutions of some core questions of SCMGunjan Pronoto
This document discusses several concepts related to supply chain management. It begins by defining integrated service providers, noting they provide a range of logistics services including transportation and warehousing. Integrated service providers are described as either asset-based, owning assets like trucks and warehouses, or non-asset based, providing information services. This is contrasted with traditional providers like transportation and warehousing companies. The document then compares third and fourth party logistics providers, with third party being asset-based and fourth party providing consultancy. Cash-to-cash conversion, dwell time minimization, and cash spin are defined in relation to supply chain strategy and structure.
Third party logistics (3PL) providers offer various integrated logistics services for customers. The 3PL industry has evolved from basic transportation and warehousing services to providing value-added services and taking on broader supply chain responsibilities. A 2008 survey found that the top services used were transportation, warehousing, and freight forwarding. While outsourcing provides benefits like cost savings and expertise, concerns include loss of control and security issues. Integrated logistics and green supply chain initiatives were emerging trends impacting the industry.
Workshop: Value Chains - An introduction to value chainsWorldFish
This document provides an overview of a workshop on value chain analysis and development. It defines key concepts such as value chains, value chain analysis, institutional frameworks, governance, upgrading, and gender considerations. It also outlines steps for value chain development programs, including selecting value chains, conducting analysis, identifying and assessing solutions, implementing interventions, and monitoring outcomes. Case studies discussed include analyzing impacts of large companies' procurement practices on poverty reduction, improving small-scale producer value chains, and using cost-benefit analysis to evaluate fishing policies.
This document discusses principles of logistics management. It defines logistics management as planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient flow of goods from origin to consumption to meet customer needs. Logistics plays an important role in the economy by creating time and place utility, and plays a key role in organizations by supporting marketing and adding value through possession, time, and place utility. The document outlines key components and activities of logistics management including demand forecasting, inventory management, transportation, and customer service.
Strategic issues in Readymade Garments Supply Chain Management: A Study on Mo...Md. Adib Ibne Yousuf
Course: Strategic Supply Chain Management
Course Code: SCM 6405
Prepared for
Lt Col Md. Tauhidul Islam (Retd.),
Associate Professor, Faculty of Business Studies
Bangladesh University of Professionals
Prepared by: Md. Adib Ibne Yousuf
MBA in Supply Chain Management
Bangladesh University of Professionals
This document discusses third-party logistics providers (3PLs). It defines 3PLs as businesses that provide logistics services like transportation, warehousing, and distribution management. The document outlines the main types of 3PL providers and why companies use 3PLs, such as to save time and focus on core competencies. It provides tips for selecting a 3PL provider, including doing research, creating a selection process, measuring performance, and nurturing the relationship. The document also briefly introduces 4PL providers, which manage and direct multiple 3PLs.
This document summarizes value chain financing as a strategy to augment growth in India's agriculture sector. It defines key concepts like value chain and supply chain. It notes that integrating the agriculture supply chain can increase value added at each stage from farm to fork. Value chain financing provides financing to all players in the chain and helps reduce risks. A three-pronged strategy is suggested: 1) thorough market knowledge; 2) financing along the entire value chain; and 3) innovation to solve small farmers' problems. Integrating financial services into value chains can boost agricultural growth and small farmer participation.
The document discusses value chains and their role in poverty alleviation. It provides definitions of value chains from various organizations that describe them as interconnected sequences of activities required to deliver products to consumers. The value chain approach aims to integrate poor households into growing markets, empower them to benefit from globalization, and promote economic growth and poverty reduction. The document outlines principles for value chain development programs, including making them demand-driven, commercially viable, and inclusive of smallholder farmers and other stakeholders. It also discusses frameworks for analyzing priority value chains and identifying opportunities and constraints within them.
This document provides information on the organization of a lecture and grading policy for a supply chain management course. It lists the main components of the lecture as lecturing, group exercises, quizzes, case discussions, and case study presentations. The grading policy outlines the different assessments, including assignments, tests, a mini-project, and an end exam. It also specifies the mini-project will involve a presentation on a relevant supply chain topic. The document provides the textbook and reference materials for the course.
An application of Supply Chain Managment on present business organizationsDepesh Banik
The document discusses supply chain management and its application in present business organizations. It defines supply chain as a network of facilities working together to procure materials, transform them into products, and distribute the finished products to customers. The objectives are to understand how supply chain concepts are applied, how supply chains work within organizations, and how supply chain adaptations affect organizations. Research was conducted through literature reviews and interviews with supply chain professionals.
This document provides an overview of the logistics industry in India. It begins with definitions of logistics and discusses how logistics has evolved from its military origins to an important business function. The document outlines the key objectives of logistics management, which include improving customer service, reducing costs, and creating supply chain efficiencies. It also describes the major functions of logistics management, such as order processing, warehousing, and inventory management.
Assignment on logistic and Supply chain Management Anup Roy
The document discusses several key aspects of supply chain management in the service industry:
1. Service industries have little need for physical inputs beyond office supplies and work with a smaller group of suppliers compared to manufacturing. Their primary inputs are labor and capital equipment to allow employees to do their work.
2. Traditional manufacturing supply chain management focuses on logistics of moving physical materials while service industries focus more on information flow and developing relationships with suppliers and customers.
3. The end goal for any company is satisfied customers. Supply chain design in services requires focus on efficient information flow and strong supplier relationships rather than physical logistics networks.
This document provides an overview of logistics concepts and functions. It defines logistics as managing the flow of materials and information from suppliers to manufacturers to customers. The key points are:
1. Logistics ensures the right materials are delivered to the right place at the right time. It involves transportation, inventory, warehousing and other functions.
2. Logistics has become more important due to factors like globalization, increasing competition, and changing customer demands. Proper logistics can provide a competitive advantage.
3. The main logistics functions include transportation, inventory control, information management, and ensuring quality across the supply chain. Logistics aims to minimize costs and inventory while maximizing delivery speed, reliability and
The document is an internship report submitted by Nitin Sharma for his MBA program. It details his internship at the Central Warehousing Corporation Inland Container Depot in Patparganj, where he studied logistics and warehousing. The report includes an executive summary of his findings, the company profile of Central Warehousing Corporation, and sections on the objectives, scope and details of his project analyzing the marketing, operations, finance, management information systems, and record keeping of the facility.
The document discusses logistics and supply chains. It defines logistics as the total management of key operational functions in the supply chain including procurement, production, and distribution. Logistics involves a range of activities like transportation, warehousing, and order fulfillment. Materials management involves planning and controlling inventory. The document also discusses supply chain management, types of supply chains, Porter's value chain model, and analyzing costs in supply chains.
Supply Chain Management vs Logistics ManagementAnupam Kumar
This presentation explores the difference between logistics and supply chain management while tracking the development of the subject of distribution management, its progression to logistics management and its overall integration leading to the development of the subject of supply chain management. This presentation is aimed at explaining the transition of an organization from one stage of operations management to the next. It also explains the increase in the scope of operations management with the advent of the concept of supply chain management or simply SCM.
This presentation is suited for MBA, PGDM or BBA level students of business management and can be used for class lectures, class notes or class discussions. It will also give an idea to the budding entrepreneurs from taking their businesses from one stage of operations management to the next.
This document provides an overview of integrated supply chain management (ISCM) and recommendations for its implementation. It defines ISCM as coordinating the flow of goods, information, and funds from suppliers to customers. The document recommends using the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model to assess a company's supply chain, which breaks the supply chain into planning, sourcing, production, and delivery processes. It also outlines a three phase approach to implementing ISCM - concept, conversion, and execution phases - and the key activities involved in each phase, such as assessing opportunities, developing strategies and organizational structures, and translating strategies into actions.
The document discusses the prospects and challenges of supply chain infrastructure in India's recession-hit economy. It outlines how recessions impact employment, companies, and resources. It also examines the role of transportation, warehousing, and information systems in enabling efficient supply chain operations. The future prospects of supply chain infrastructure development in India are highlighted, such as growing outsourcing and awareness among shippers. However, challenges remain such as the need for continued public and private investment to support growth. Effective supply chain network planning is also essential to optimize costs and ensure robust solutions.
The document discusses third party logistics (3PL) providers. It begins by defining 1PL, 2PL, 3PL and 4PL providers and their roles in the supply chain. It then covers the evolution of 3PL, services provided, benefits of using 3PL, types of 3PL providers including transportation-based, warehouse/distribution-based and more. New technologies in 3PL and relationship management are also discussed. The document concludes with a case study on selecting a 3PL using multi-criteria decision making.
The document provides information on international logistics functions and processes. It discusses:
1) Picking up containers from wharves, which are structures where ships dock to load and unload cargo. Proper safety procedures are important when unloading large shipping containers.
2) Unloading containers following specific safety steps, such as using stands, having a spotter, and moving headers slowly to prevent damage or injury.
3) Storing containers temporarily in warehouses near ports to quickly unload and reload vessels and maximize efficiency in commercial ports.
"Efficient and Effective Logistics by way of On Time Delivery (OTD)- A study ...Ravinder Dahiya
This document presents a project report on improving logistics efficiency at Birla Uttam Cement. The project aimed to identify gaps in the distribution system, assess on-time delivery performance, and find ways to reduce costs and improve customer delivery. Questionnaires were distributed to dealers, agents, and company staff. Major findings included issues like material shortages, vehicle availability, and long secondary distances from depots. Analysis showed secondary distance strongly impacted delivery costs. The report recommends a decentralized distribution system with multiple smaller depots to reduce distances and costs, improving on-time delivery to over 80%. Implementing the recommendations could save an estimated 10.5 million rupees annually in logistics costs.
Logistics related issues and solutions of some core questions of SCMGunjan Pronoto
This document discusses several concepts related to supply chain management. It begins by defining integrated service providers, noting they provide a range of logistics services including transportation and warehousing. Integrated service providers are described as either asset-based, owning assets like trucks and warehouses, or non-asset based, providing information services. This is contrasted with traditional providers like transportation and warehousing companies. The document then compares third and fourth party logistics providers, with third party being asset-based and fourth party providing consultancy. Cash-to-cash conversion, dwell time minimization, and cash spin are defined in relation to supply chain strategy and structure.
Third party logistics (3PL) providers offer various integrated logistics services for customers. The 3PL industry has evolved from basic transportation and warehousing services to providing value-added services and taking on broader supply chain responsibilities. A 2008 survey found that the top services used were transportation, warehousing, and freight forwarding. While outsourcing provides benefits like cost savings and expertise, concerns include loss of control and security issues. Integrated logistics and green supply chain initiatives were emerging trends impacting the industry.
Workshop: Value Chains - An introduction to value chainsWorldFish
This document provides an overview of a workshop on value chain analysis and development. It defines key concepts such as value chains, value chain analysis, institutional frameworks, governance, upgrading, and gender considerations. It also outlines steps for value chain development programs, including selecting value chains, conducting analysis, identifying and assessing solutions, implementing interventions, and monitoring outcomes. Case studies discussed include analyzing impacts of large companies' procurement practices on poverty reduction, improving small-scale producer value chains, and using cost-benefit analysis to evaluate fishing policies.
This document discusses principles of logistics management. It defines logistics management as planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient flow of goods from origin to consumption to meet customer needs. Logistics plays an important role in the economy by creating time and place utility, and plays a key role in organizations by supporting marketing and adding value through possession, time, and place utility. The document outlines key components and activities of logistics management including demand forecasting, inventory management, transportation, and customer service.
Strategic issues in Readymade Garments Supply Chain Management: A Study on Mo...Md. Adib Ibne Yousuf
Course: Strategic Supply Chain Management
Course Code: SCM 6405
Prepared for
Lt Col Md. Tauhidul Islam (Retd.),
Associate Professor, Faculty of Business Studies
Bangladesh University of Professionals
Prepared by: Md. Adib Ibne Yousuf
MBA in Supply Chain Management
Bangladesh University of Professionals
This document discusses third-party logistics providers (3PLs). It defines 3PLs as businesses that provide logistics services like transportation, warehousing, and distribution management. The document outlines the main types of 3PL providers and why companies use 3PLs, such as to save time and focus on core competencies. It provides tips for selecting a 3PL provider, including doing research, creating a selection process, measuring performance, and nurturing the relationship. The document also briefly introduces 4PL providers, which manage and direct multiple 3PLs.
This document summarizes value chain financing as a strategy to augment growth in India's agriculture sector. It defines key concepts like value chain and supply chain. It notes that integrating the agriculture supply chain can increase value added at each stage from farm to fork. Value chain financing provides financing to all players in the chain and helps reduce risks. A three-pronged strategy is suggested: 1) thorough market knowledge; 2) financing along the entire value chain; and 3) innovation to solve small farmers' problems. Integrating financial services into value chains can boost agricultural growth and small farmer participation.
The document discusses value chains and their role in poverty alleviation. It provides definitions of value chains from various organizations that describe them as interconnected sequences of activities required to deliver products to consumers. The value chain approach aims to integrate poor households into growing markets, empower them to benefit from globalization, and promote economic growth and poverty reduction. The document outlines principles for value chain development programs, including making them demand-driven, commercially viable, and inclusive of smallholder farmers and other stakeholders. It also discusses frameworks for analyzing priority value chains and identifying opportunities and constraints within them.
This document provides information on the organization of a lecture and grading policy for a supply chain management course. It lists the main components of the lecture as lecturing, group exercises, quizzes, case discussions, and case study presentations. The grading policy outlines the different assessments, including assignments, tests, a mini-project, and an end exam. It also specifies the mini-project will involve a presentation on a relevant supply chain topic. The document provides the textbook and reference materials for the course.
An application of Supply Chain Managment on present business organizationsDepesh Banik
The document discusses supply chain management and its application in present business organizations. It defines supply chain as a network of facilities working together to procure materials, transform them into products, and distribute the finished products to customers. The objectives are to understand how supply chain concepts are applied, how supply chains work within organizations, and how supply chain adaptations affect organizations. Research was conducted through literature reviews and interviews with supply chain professionals.
Logistics is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient flow of goods, services and information from origin to consumption to meet customer requirements. Logistics involves integrating information, transportation, inventory, warehousing and packaging to add time and place value. Logistics and supply chain management are equivalent terms dealing with managing materials, information and financial flows in a network from suppliers to customers. The evolution of logistics has transformed it from a military term to an integrated business function.
This document discusses logistics and supply chain management. It defines logistics as the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient flow of goods, services, and information from origin to consumption according to customer demands. Supply chain management involves planning and coordination across organizations to deliver value to customers. The document outlines key aspects of logistics like transportation and warehousing as well as objectives like reducing costs and inventory. It also discusses supply chain drivers, processes, and the relationship between logistics and supply chain management.
This document provides definitions and analyses of supply chains and supply chain management. It first discusses definitions of supply chains from various sources that generally describe supply chains as involving the flow of goods and materials from suppliers to customers. It then discusses more complex definitions that include additional activities. The document also provides definitions of supply chain management from different sources that commonly describe it as coordinating activities across the supply chain to optimize efficiency and customer satisfaction.
This document provides an introduction to the concepts of logistics. It outlines the course overview, content, recommended texts, grading policy, and contact information. Key concepts that will be covered include the definitions of logistics, logistics management, and supply chain management. The evolution and development of logistics will be examined, highlighting factors like military logistics, transportation deregulation, and information technology. Additionally, the course will explore the scope of logistics in business and identify important logistics activities such as demand forecasting, inventory control, order processing, and transportation.
This document provides an overview of supply chains, operations, and projects. Supply chains span multiple organizations to deliver products from suppliers to customers. They can follow a traditional linear model or be closed-loop systems. Operations occur within individual organizations and focus on transforming and adding value through processes. Projects are more specialized and defined events with clear start and end points that are often managed using cross-functional teams. While the module focuses on supply chain management, operations and projects are also important components to understand.
This document provides an introduction and overview of a logistics management course. It includes sections on introducing the instructor and course objectives, an outline of course topics, a description of assignments and grading, and the course schedule. The key topics covered are an introduction to logistics and supply chain management, the relationship between material and information flow, how logistics contributes to competitive advantage, and factors to consider in developing a supply chain strategy.
Basic concepts of supply chain managementAyeshaBabar9
This document provides an overview of supply chain management concepts. It defines a supply chain as the network of organizations involved in designing, producing, delivering, and supporting a product or service. Effective supply chain management requires balancing responsiveness to customers with internal operating efficiencies. Key decisions involve production, inventory, location of facilities, transportation, and information sharing. The goal is to increase sales while reducing inventory costs and expenses.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in supply chain management from a chapter in a textbook. It discusses:
1) The different phases of supply chains including acquisition, transformation, and distribution and key functions within purchasing, receiving, and supplier certification.
2) The changing role of purchasing from transactional to strategic. Purchasing now focuses on developing long-term supplier relationships and providing strategic information to support make-or-buy decisions.
3) Global sourcing involves more than just international transactions but integrating suppliers worldwide. Effective global sourcing requires executive commitment, rigorous processes, resources, IT integration, and measuring savings.
The document discusses supply chain management, including its history and key components. It begins with an overview of how supply chain management evolved from initially fragmented business functions like purchasing and inventory management integrating over time. The document then defines supply chain management as combining art and science to improve how companies source raw materials, produce products, deliver to customers, and manage returns. It outlines the basic components of supply chain management as plan, source, make, deliver, and return.
A Framework For Teaching Supply Chain ManagementCarrie Romero
This document provides a framework for teaching supply chain management. It identifies 12 key components of supply chain management that are commonly covered in graduate business school courses. These components include topics like location, transportation, inventory/forecasting, marketing/channels, sourcing, information technology, product design, service, reverse logistics, outsourcing, metrics, and global issues. The document discusses each component and provides example readings and cases to illustrate them. It aims to provide a comprehensive yet modular approach to teaching integrated supply chain management.
Supply chain management (SCM) involves managing the flow of goods and services from raw materials to end customers. As organizations focus on core competencies, they outsource functions like procurement and distribution to other entities. This increases the number of partners in the supply chain and reduces management control. SCM concepts were created to improve collaboration and inventory visibility between partners. Several models have been proposed to manage material movement across organizational boundaries, including SCOR and the SCM model. Supply chain activities can be categorized as strategic, tactical, or operational.
This document provides an overview of supply chain management. It defines supply chain management as coordinating the flow of goods and services from suppliers to customers. This includes managing the movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods. The document also discusses problems addressed in supply chain management such as distribution network configuration, distribution strategy, inventory management, and information sharing. Finally, it outlines activities at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels of supply chain management.
This document provides an overview of supply chain management. It defines supply chain management as integrating supply and demand management within and across companies. It describes key functions of supply chain organizations like procurement, demand forecasting, and transportation. It discusses how supply chains can be leveraged for competitive advantage through strategies focused on cost, quality, time, and flexibility. It also covers how supply chains are becoming more global and segmented to serve different customer needs and how technology is increasingly impacting supply chain operations on a global scale.
Evolution of supply chain management.pptxSamuel Gher
The document discusses the evolution of supply chain management (SCM) from the 1960s to present day. It covers key concepts in SCM like distribution requirements planning, transportation management, and warehousing that developed in the 1960s-1970s. Collaboration and integration became important in the 1980s-1990s with practices like vendor-managed inventory and third-party logistics. More recent developments include demand-driven supply chains, digital and sustainable supply chains, and building resiliency. The document also summarizes Louis Vuitton's supply chain process for leather products and describes how the bullwhip effect can impact companies and strategies to improve it, like collaborative planning.
Study of supply chain management with special reference to fed exchinar.khar
The document provides an overview of supply chain management (SCM) with a focus on FedEx. It discusses what SCM is, the problems it addresses, and key activities/functions. SCM aims to fulfill customer demands efficiently through integrated business processes from original suppliers to end users. The primary objective is efficiency across the supply chain to match demand with supply using minimal inventory. Key issues addressed by SCM include distribution network configuration, distribution strategy, trade-offs in logistical activities, information sharing, inventory management, and cash flow coordination. The document then discusses logistics management and its role in governing supply chain functions at strategic, operational and tactical levels.
3. Grading Policy
Grading
Assignment and Quiz 10%
Mini-project 10%
Test 1 15%
Test 2 15%
End Exam 50%
Mini-project
Mini-project in supply chain
Presentation on a relevant topic
on supply chain
4. Text Books
1. Chopra, S. and Meindl, P., Supply Chain Management: Strategy,
Planning and Operation, Pearson Education, Inc., Singapore, Second
Edition, 2004.
2. Bozarth, C.C. and Handfield, R. B., Introduction to Operations and
Supply Chain Management, Pearson Education, 2006.
3. Simchi-Levi, D., Kaminsky, P., Simchi-Levi, E., and Ravi Shankar,
Designing and Managing the supply chain, Tata McGraw Hill Education
Private Limited, New Delhi, 2008.
4. Shah, J., Supply chain management: Text and Cases. New Delhi:
Pearson Education, 2009.
5. Shapiro, J.F., Modelling the supply chain, Second Edition, Brooks/Cole,
Cengage Learning, 2007.
6. Dobler, D. W. and Burt, D. N., Purchasing and Supply Management:
Text and Cases, Sixth Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
Limited, New Delhi, 1996.
7. Tersine, R. J., Principles of Inventory and Materials Management,
Fourth Edition, Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey, 1994.
5. 1. Christopher, M., Logistics and Supply Chain Management,
Second Edition, Financial Times Professional Limited, 1998.
2. Narasimhan, S. L., McLeavy, D. W. and Billington, P. J.,
Production Planning and Inventory Control, Second Edition,
Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, 1995.
3. Raghuram, G. and Rangaraj, N., Logistics and Supply Chain
Management: Cases and Concepts, Macmillan India Limited,
New Delhi, 2000.
4. Arnold, J. R. T. and Chapman, S. N., Introduction to Materials
Management, Fourth Edition, Prentice-Hall Inc., 1998.
5. Burt, Dobler and Starling, World Class Supply Management:
Key to Supply Chain Management, Tata McGraw-Hill, 7th
Edition, 2003.
References
6.
7. Introduction
Why study Supply Chain Management?
Operations Management
Supply Chain Management
Important trends
9. Three Basic Truths
I. Pervasiveness
II. Interdependence
III. Profitability and Survival
10. 1. Pervasiveness
Every organization must make a product or provide
a service that someone values………….
Manufacturer.
Retailer.
Design firm.
University.
Health services.
11. 2. Interdependence
Most organizations function as part of a larger
supply chain
Supplier Manufacturer Distributor Retailer Customer
Upstream
Downstream
12. Supply Chains
Networks of manufacturers and service
providers that work together to move goods from
the raw material stage through to the end user
Linked through physical, information, and
monetary flows
13. 3. Profitability and Survival
Organizations must carefully manage their
operations and supply chains to prosper, and
indeed, survive!
14. THE PLANNING, SCHEDULING,
AND CONTROL OF THE
ACTIVITIES THAT TRANSFORM
INPUTS INTO FINISHED GOODS
AND SERVICES
Operations Management
15. Operations Function
The collection of people, technology, and systems
within a company ...
… that has primary responsibility ...
… for providing the organization’s products
and/or services.
16. Viewing Operations as a
Transformation Process
Transformation
Process
Manufacturing operations
Service operations
Inputs Outputs
Materials
People
Equipment
Intangible needs
Information
Tangible goods
Fulfilled requests
Information
Satisfied Customers
17. Manufacturing
Tangible product
Key decisions driven by physical
characteristics of the product:
How is the product made?
How do we store it?
How do we move it?
Etc.
18. A round watermelon needs lot of room in a refrigerator and the usually round
fruit often sits awkwardly on refrigerator shelves. Smart Japanese Farmers have
forced their watermelons to grow into a square-shape by inserting the melons
into square, tempered glass cases while the fruit is still growing on the vine.
“Cuboid Watermelon”
20. Cross-Functional Linkages
Operations and
Supply Chain
Finance
Budgeting.
Analysis.
Funds.
Marketing
What products?
What volumes?
Costs? Quality?
Delivery?
Human
Resources
Skills? Training?
# of Employees?
Accounting
Performance measurement systems.
Planning and control.
MIS
What IT solutions
to make it all work
together?
Design
Sustainability.
Quality.
Manufacturability.
21. ACTIVE MANAGEMENT OF SUPPLY
CHAIN ACTIVITIES AND
RELATIONSHIPS TO MAXIMIZE
CUSTOMER VALUE AND ACHIEVE A
SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE
ADVANTAGE
Supply Chain Management
22. Module 1:Supply Chain Management
The first supply chain was the barter system
Traces of outsourcing was seen when Charles S. Rolls
became selling agent for cars made by F. Henry Royce
The essence of SCM was understood with the first phase
characterized as an inventory ‘push’ era that focused
primarily on physical distribution of finished goods
Ancient Times
1904
1960-1975
1975-1990
1980 Emergence of SCM
1985- WalMart introduced the concept of Cross Docking
Internet revolutionized the distribution system of
the business1996-
Concept of e-commerce changed the definition of
business
1998-
Companies began migrating from an inventory push to
a customer pull channel
24. Traditional View: Logistics in the Economy
(1990, 1996)
Freight Transportation $352, $455 Billion
Inventory Expense $221, $311 Billion
Administrative Expense $27, $31 Billion
Logistics Related Activity 11%, 10.5% of GNP
Source: Cass Logistics
25. Traditional View: Logistics in the Manufacturing
Firm
Profit 4%
Logistics Cost 21%
Marketing Cost 27%
Manufacturing Cost 48%
Profit
Logistics
Cost
Marketing
Cost
Manufacturing
Cost
26. Supply Chain Management: The Magnitude
in the Traditional View
Estimated that the grocery industry could save $30
billion (10% of operating cost) by using effective
logistics and supply chain strategies
A typical box of cereal spends 104 days from factory to sale
A typical car spends 15 days from factory to dealership
Laura Ashley turns its inventory 10 times a year, five
times faster than 3 years ago
27. Supply Chain Management:
The True Magnitude
Compaq estimates it lost $.5 billion to $1 billion in
sales in 1995 because laptops were not available
when and where needed
P&G estimates that it saved $65 million retail
customers by collaboration resulting in a better
match of supply and demand
Boeing Aircraft, one of America’s leading capital
goods producers, was forced to announce write-
downs of $2.6 billion in October 1997.
The reason? “Raw material shortages, internal and supplier
parts shortages…”. (Wall Street Journal, Oct. 23, 1997)
28. SOME ESTIMATES FOR INDIA
* Logistics Spend … IN Rs. 2,40,000 crores
(approx. US $ 50 Billion)
* Share of GDP …….…… 12-13 %
* Major Elements are ( Percentage of Total)
* Transportation ……… 35
* Inventories ……… 25
* Packaging ……… 11
* Handling & Warehousing ….. 9
* Others & Losses ……… 14
Supply Chain Management:
The True Magnitude
29. In 25 years, NDDB has enabled India to become the largest
producer of milk by implementing a logistics and supply
chain system that has eliminated several intermediaries,
thereby leading to a much higher remunerative price (yield)
for producers and lower price for consumers.
As described in the FORBES magazine, the Dabbawalas of
Mumbai has achieved an extremely high level of reliability
and precision (SIX SIGMA level in QA) in delivering to
their customers the products earmarked for them.
Supply Chain: The Potential
30. Supply Chain: The Potential
Dell Computer has outperformed the competition
in terms of shareholder value growth over the
eight years period, 1988-1996, by over 3,000%
using
- Direct business model
- BTO (Build-to-Order) strategy.
31. In 10 years, Wal-Mart transformed itself by
changing its logistics system. It has the highest
sales per square foot, inventory turnover and
operating profit of any discount retailer.
Supply Chain: The Potential
32. Outline
What is a Supply Chain?
Decision Phases in a Supply Chain
Process View of a Supply Chain
The Importance of Supply Chain Flows
Examples of Supply Chains
33. Just a significant evolution…
Several hundred years ago, Napolean made the
remark, “An army marches on its stomach.”
Unless the soldiers are fed, the army cannot move.
Term “supply chain management” arose in the late
1980s and came into widespread use in 1990s.
Prior – ‘Logistics’ and ‘operations management’
34. Some Definitions
Supply Chain Management encompasses every
effort involved in producing and delivering a
final product or service, from the supplier’s
supplier to the customer’s customer.
Supply Chain Management includes managing
supply and demand, sourcing raw materials and
parts, manufacturing and assembly, warehousing
and inventory tracking, order entry and order
management, distribution across all channels,
and delivery to the customer.
The Supply Chain Council, U.S.A.
35. Some More Definitions
Supply Chain Management deals with the management of
materials, information, and financial flows in a network
consisting of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and
customers.
Stanford Supply Chain Forum
Logistics involves “managing the flow of items, information,
cash and ideas through the coordination of supply chain
processes and through the strategic addition of place,
period and pattern values.
MIT Center for Transportation and Logistics
36. Some More Definitions
Supply Chain Management is primarily concerned with the efficient
integration of suppliers, factories, warehouses and stores so that
merchandise is produced and distributed in the right quantities, to the
right locations and at the right time, and so as to minimize total system
cost subject to satisfying service requirements.
Simchi-Levi
Call it distribution or logistics or supply chain management. By whatever
name, it is the sinuous, gritty, and cumbersome process by which
companies move, materials, parts, and products to customers.
Fortune (1994)
37. What is a Supply Chain?
All stages involved, directly or indirectly, in
fulfilling a customer request
Includes manufacturers, suppliers, transporters,
warehouses, retailers, and customers
Within each company, the supply chain includes all
functions involved in fulfilling a customer request
(product development, marketing, operations,
distribution, finance, customer service)
38. A picture is better than 1000 words!
How many words would be better than 3 pictures?
- A supply chain consists of
- Aims to Match Supply and Demand,
profitably for products and services
SUPPLY SIDE DEMAND SIDE
The right
Product
Higher
Profits
The right
Time
The right
Customer
The right
Quantity
The right
Store
The right
Price
=++ ++ +
- Achieves
Supplier Manufacturer Distributor Retailer Customer
Upstream
Downstream
39. Example of a Supply Chain?
Customer wants
detergent
and goes
to Supermarket
Supermarket
Third
party DC
P&G or other
manufacturer
Plastic
Producer
Chemical
manufacturer
(e.g. Oil Company)
Tenneco
Packaging
Paper
Manufacturer
Timber
Industry
Chemical
manufacturer
(e.g. Oil Company)
40. What is a Supply Chain?
1-40
CUSTOMER is an integral part of any supply chain
Includes movement of products from suppliers to
manufacturers to distributors, but also includes movement
of information, funds, and products in both directions
Probably more accurate to use the term “supply network”
or “supply web”
All stages may not be present in all supply chains
(e.g., no retailer or distributor for Dell computer)
41. 41
The Supply Chain
Suppliers Manufacturers Warehouses &
Distribution Centers
Customers
Material Costs
Transportation
Costs
Transportation
Costs
Transportation
CostsInventory CostsManufacturing Costs
42. 42
The Supply Chain – Another View
Suppliers Manufacturers Warehouses &
Distribution Centers
Customers
Material Costs
Transportation
Costs
Transportation
Costs Transportation
CostsInventory CostsManufacturing Costs
Plan Source Make Deliver Buy
43. 43
What is Supply Chain Management (SCM)?
A set of approaches used to efficiently integrate
Suppliers
Manufacturers
Warehouses
Distribution centers
So that the product is produced and distributed
In the right quantities
To the right locations
And at the right time
System-wide costs are minimized and
Service level requirements are satisfied
Plan Source Make Deliver Buy
51. 1-51
Stage of Production Value
Added
Value of
Product
Farmer produces and harvests wheat 2.33 2.33
Wheat transported to mill 1.24 3.57
Mill produces flour 2.33 5.90
Flour transported to baker 1.25 7.15
Baker produces bread 8.35 15.50
Bread transported to grocery store 1.25 16.75
Grocery store displays and sells bread 3.25 20.00
Total Value-Added 20.00
A Supply Chain for Bread
52. The Objective of a Supply Chain
Maximize overall value created
Supply chain value: difference between what the
final product is worth to the customer and the effort
the supply chain expends in filling the customer’s
request
Value is correlated to supply chain profitability
(difference between revenue generated from the
customer and the overall cost across the supply
chain)
53. The Objective of a Supply Chain
1-53
Example: Dell receives 30000/- from a customer for a
computer (revenue)
Supply chain incurs costs (information, storage,
transportation, components, assembly, etc.)
Difference between 30000/- and the sum of all of these
costs is the supply chain profit
Supply chain profitability is total profit to be shared across
all stages of the supply chain
Supply chain success should be measured by total supply
chain profitability, not profits at an individual stage
54. The Objective of a Supply Chain
Sources of supply chain revenue: the customer
Sources of supply chain cost: flows of information,
products, or funds between stages of the supply
chain
Supply chain management is the
management of flows between and among
supply chain stages to maximize total
supply chain profitability
55. Module 1:Supply Chain Management
Customer could be an internal
customer or an external customer
56. Process View of a Supply Chain
Cycle view: processes in a supply chain are divided
into a series of cycles, each performed at the
interfaces between two successive supply chain
stages
Push/pull view: processes in a supply chain are
divided into two categories depending on whether
they are executed in response to a customer order
(pull) or in anticipation of a customer order (push)
57. Module 1:Supply Chain Management
Cycle I
Cycle III
Customer
Distributor
Manufacturer
Supplier
Retailer
58. Cycle View of Supply Chains
Customer Order Cycle
Replenishment Cycle
Manufacturing Cycle
Procurement Cycle
Customer
Retailer
Distributer
Manufacturer
Supplier
59. Cycle View of a Supply Chain
Each cycle occurs at the interface between two
successive stages
Customer order cycle (customer-retailer)
Replenishment cycle (retailer-distributor)
Manufacturing cycle (distributor-manufacturer)
Procurement cycle (manufacturer-supplier)
Cycle view clearly defines processes involved and the
owners of each process. Specifies the roles and
responsibilities of each member and the desired
outcome of each process.
60. Push/Pull View of
Supply Chain Processes
Supply chain processes fall into one of two categories
depending on the timing of their execution relative to
customer demand
Pull: execution is initiated in response to a customer
order (reactive)
Push: execution is initiated in anticipation of
customer orders (speculative)
Push/pull boundary separates push processes from
pull processes
61. Push/Pull View of Supply Chains
Procurement,
Manufacturing and
Replenishment cycles
Customer Order
Cycle
Customer
Order Arrives
PUSH PROCESSES PULL PROCESSES
62. Module 1:Supply Chain Management
A push-based SCM takes longer to react to the
changing market place
In a push-based supply chain, production decisions
are usually based on long-term forecasts
In push-based strategies, SCM experience
increased transportation costs, high inventory
levels and high manufacturing costs
In a pull-based supply chain, manufacturing is demand driven
so that it is coordinated with actual external customer
demand rather than a forecast
Push View of SCM
Pull View of SCM
Lead-time reduction occurs as the variabilities
are better monitored in pull-based SCM
Pull-based systems are often difficult to implement when lead times
are so long that it is impractical to react to demand information
63. 63
Supply Chain Integration – Push Strategies
Classical manufacturing supply chain strategy
Manufacturing forecasts are long-range
Orders from retailers’ warehouses
Longer response time to react to marketplace changes
Unable to meet changing demand patterns
Supply chain inventory becomes obsolete as demand for
certain products disappears
Increased variability (Bullwhip effect) leading to:
Large inventory safety stocks
Larger and more variably sized production batches
Unacceptable service levels
Inventory obsolescence
Inefficient use of production facilities (factories)
How is demand determined? Peak? Average?
How is transportation capacity determined?
Examples: Auto industry, large appliances, others?
64. 64
Supply Chain Integration – Pull Strategies
Production and distribution are demand-driven
Coordinated with true customer demand
None or little inventory held
Only in response to specific orders
Fast information flow mechanisms
POS data
Decreased lead times
Decreased retailer inventory
Decreased variability in the supply chain and especially at
manufacturers
Decreased manufacturer inventory
More efficient use of resources
More difficult to take advantage of scale opportunities
Examples: Dell, Amazon
65. Push/Pull View of
Supply Chain Processes
Useful in considering strategic decisions relating to
supply chain design – more global view of how
supply chain processes relate to customer orders
The relative proportion of push and pull processes
can have an impact on supply chain performance
66. 66
Supply Chain Integration – Push/Pull Strategies
Hybrid of “push” and “pull” strategies to overcome
disadvantages of each
Early stages of product assembly are done in a “push” manner
Partial assembly of product based on aggregate demand
forecasts (which are more accurate than individual product
demand forecasts)
Uncertainty is reduced so safety stock inventory is lower
Final product assembly is done based on customer demand for
specific product configurations
Supply chain timeline determines “push-pull boundary”
Supply Chain Timeline
Raw
Materials
End
Consumer
Push Strategy Pull Strategy
Push-
Pull
Boundary“Generic” Product “Customized” Product
67. 67
Choosing Between Push/Pull Strategies
Pull Push
Pull
Push
Economies of ScaleLow High
Low
High
DemandUncertainty Industries where:
• Customization is High
• Demand is uncertain
• Scale economies are Low
Computer
equipment
Industries where:
• Standard processes are the
norm
• Demand is stable
• Scale economies are High
Grocery,
Beverages
Industries where:
• Uncertainty is low
• Low economies of scale
• Push-pull supply chain
Books, CD’s
Industries where:
• Demand is uncertain
• Scale economies are High
• Low economies of scale
Furniture
Where do the following
industries fit in this
model:
Automobile?
Aircraft?
Fashion?
Petroleum refining?
Pharmaceuticals?
Biotechnology?
Medical Devices?
Source: Simchi-Levi
68. 68
Characteristics of Push, Pull and Push/Pull Strategies
PUSH PULL
Objective Minimize Cost Maximize Service Level
Complexity High Low
Focus Resource Allocation Responsiveness
Lead Time Long Short
Processes Supply Chain Planning Order Fulfillment
Source: Simchi-Levi
69. Supply Chain Macro Processes in a Firm
Supply chain processes discussed in the two views
can be classified into
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)- interface
between the firm and its customers
Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM) – internal to the
firm
Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) - interface between
the firm and its suppliers
70. Integration among the above three macro processes
is critical for effective and successful supply chain
management
SRM ISCM CRM
Source
Negotiate
Buy
Design
collaboration
Supply
collaboration
Strategic planning
Demand planning
Supply planning
Fulfillment
Field service
Market
Price
Sell
Call center
Order
management
Supplier Firm Customer
71. Decision Phases of a Supply Chain
Supply chain strategy or design
Supply chain planning
Supply chain operation
73. Supply Chain Strategy or Design
Decisions about the structure of the supply chain and
what processes each stage will perform
Strategic supply chain decisions
Locations and capacities of facilities
Products to be made or stored at various locations
Modes of transportation
Information systems
Supply chain design must support strategic objectives
Supply chain design decisions are long-term and
expensive to reverse – must take into account market
uncertainty
74. Supply Chain Planning
Planning decisions:
Which markets will be supplied from which locations
Planned buildup of inventories
Subcontracting, backup locations
Inventory policies
Timing and size of market promotions
Must consider in planning decisions demand
uncertainty, exchange rates, competition over the
time horizon
75. Supply Chain Operation
Time horizon is weekly or daily
Decisions regarding individual customer orders
Supply chain configuration is fixed and operating
policies are determined
Goal is to implement the operating policies as
effectively as possible
Allocate orders to inventory or production, set
order due dates, generate pick lists at a
warehouse, allocate an order to a particular
shipment, set delivery schedules, place
replenishment orders
Much less uncertainty (short time horizon)
76. Supply Chain Decisions
• Supplier Selection
•Allocation of
Suppliers to the
Plants
•Location, Number,
Capacity of Plants
•What Products to
Produce
•Which Plants to
Produce them
•Location, Number, Size
of Warehouses
• Mode of Shipment
• Port Selection
• Procurement Policy
•Warehouse Allocation
• Inventory Decisions
• Manufacturing Policy
• Customer Allocation
• Distribution Policy
• Vehicle Routing
• Fleet Size
• Production Schedule
•Scheduling on
Machines
• Workload Balancing
• Finished Goods
Inventory
• Vehicle Routing
Procurement DistributionManufacturing Logistics