Anatomy and clinical significance of denture bearing areasOgundiran Temidayo
A presentation on the anatomy and clinical significance of the denture bearing areas by Ogundiran Temidayo who is a dental student at OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY ILE-IFE
A number of theories have been put forward for impressions. each having its own advantage and disadvantage.
Different spacers guide and aid in in making the desired impression with adequate pressure in the desired region of the arch in maxilla and mandible. different materials are used for spacers depending on the need.
this contains the steps for the class 1 cavity preparation for amalgam in detail. also contains the difference between composite and amalgam cavity preparation.
Difference between primary and permanent teethprincesoni3954
The presentation features the basic difference between primary and permanent dentition. The differences are tabulated under the headings of crown, roor and pulp.
It is a presentation in detail about the strongest structure of the oral cavity "ENAMEL". It is a simple topic but people find it difficult to learn about it. I hope my presentation is a simple method to learn about it. I would like to thank my professors for assign me this project and i learn't a lot from it and still learning my basics daily.
Anatomy and clinical significance of denture bearing areasOgundiran Temidayo
A presentation on the anatomy and clinical significance of the denture bearing areas by Ogundiran Temidayo who is a dental student at OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY ILE-IFE
A number of theories have been put forward for impressions. each having its own advantage and disadvantage.
Different spacers guide and aid in in making the desired impression with adequate pressure in the desired region of the arch in maxilla and mandible. different materials are used for spacers depending on the need.
this contains the steps for the class 1 cavity preparation for amalgam in detail. also contains the difference between composite and amalgam cavity preparation.
Difference between primary and permanent teethprincesoni3954
The presentation features the basic difference between primary and permanent dentition. The differences are tabulated under the headings of crown, roor and pulp.
It is a presentation in detail about the strongest structure of the oral cavity "ENAMEL". It is a simple topic but people find it difficult to learn about it. I hope my presentation is a simple method to learn about it. I would like to thank my professors for assign me this project and i learn't a lot from it and still learning my basics daily.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. CONTACT POINT/AREA
• That part of the
proximal surface of a
tooth which touches
the adjacent tooth
mesially or distally.
• Synonyms: contact
point, point of proximal
contact.
3. • Initially after eruption the
tooth has a contact point
with adjacent teeth.
• Physiological tooth
movements result in the
wear of the proximal
surfaces causing the
contact point to become
contact area.
4. FUNCTION OF PROXIMAL CONTACT
1. Prevents food from impinging in
between teeth.
2. Stabilizes all the teeth in the dental
arch.
3. Diverts food towards the buccal and
lingual areas thus protecting the
interdental papilla.
5. LOCATION OF CONTACT AREA
MAXILLARY TEETH
• Incisal view shows the contact areas of all maxillary
anterior teeth to be located at the center of the
tooth crowns in a labio-lingual direction.
• The lingual embrasures widen out more than the
labial embrasures.
6. • A labial view shows the contact areas on the mesial
surfaces of the central incisors to be in the incisal
third of the crowns.
• In between the central & lateral incisors contact area
is approximately at the junction of the middle and
incisal thirds of the teeth.
7. • The contact area on the distal surface of the
laterals is in the middle third of the crowns.
• The mesial contacts on the cuspid teeth are
nearly at the junction of their incisal and
middle thirds.
• The contact areas on the distal of the cuspids
is located in the middle third of the crowns.
8. • The contact areas on the mesial surfaces of
the first bicuspids are centered at the junction
of the occlusal and middle thirds of the
crowns.
• The contact areas on the distals of the first
bicuspids are located in the occlusal thirds of
the crowns.
9. • A buccal view shows the contact areas of upper first
& second premolar & first molar to be located in the
occlusal thirds of the crowns.
• An occlusal view indicates that the centers of the
contact areas are located somewhat buccally to the
midline of the bicuspid teeth and usually at about
the midline of the first molar teeth.
10. • A buccal view shows the centers of the
contact areas to be located at about the
junction of the occlusal and middle thirds of
the first and second molar crowns.
• An occlusal view indicates that the contact
areas are broader and are centered at about
the midline of the teeth.
11. MANDIBULAR TEETH
• An incisal view shows the contact areas of all mandibular anterior teeth
to be located at the center of the tooth crowns in a labio-lingual direction.
• A labial view indicates that the contact areas of the mandibular anterior
teeth are uniform in nature and occur at the incisal third of the tooth
crowns.
12. • Buccal view shows the distal contact areas of
the cuspids to be in the middle thirds of the
crowns.
• An occlusal view shows the centers of the
contact areas to be located at approximately
the midline of the teeth.
13. • A buccal view shows the contact areas between
first& second premolar & first molar to be placed
higher than on the mesials of the first bicuspids.
• They are located entirely in the occlusal thirds of the
crowns.
• Occlusally the contact areas are progressively
broader from the first bicuspids distally to the
second molars.
14. • The contact areas between the First, Second and
Third Molar Teeth are located near the junction of
the middle and occlusal thirds of the tooth crowns.
• Occlusally the contact areas are located near the
midline of the crowns with only a slight tendency to
be located toward the buccal.
15. CONTOUR
Refers to the outline of a structure.
The facial and the lingual surfaces of teeth possess
some degree of convexity.
Height of contour-a line encircling a tooth
representing its greatest circumference
16. The height of contour is generally located at
the cervical third of the facial surfaces of all
teeth & the lingual surfaces of the incisors
and canines.
The lingual surfaces of the posterior teeth
usually have their height of contours in the
middle third of the crown.
17. FUNCTION OF NORMAL TOOTH CONTOUR
Provide a degree of protection to the
periodontium by preventing food
impingement against soft tissues.
18. EMBRASURES
These are V-shaped spaces that originate at the
proximal contact areas between adjacent teeth.
They are named according to the direction towards
which they radiate.
These embrasures are facial, lingual, incisal/occlusal
& gingival.
19. Ridge—Any linear elevation found on the surface of a tooth.
Marginal ridge—
1.They are elevations of enamel which form the mesial and distal
margins of the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth.
2.They also form the mesial and distal margins of the lingual
surface of anterior teeth
20. Marginal ridges are at uniform heights with
adjacent marginal ridges.
This relationship is necessary to provide the
most efficient spillways for the deflection of
food substances.
22. BROAD CONTACT
1.Changes the anatomy of
the interdental col.
2.Produces a less
cleansable interdental
area.
3.May encroach on the
embrasures.
NARROW CONTACT
1. Causes food to be
impacted vertically/
horizontally in the col area.
2.Predisposes to
periodontal and caries
problem.
23. OCCLUSALLY PLACED
CONTACT
GINGIVALLY PLACED
CONTACT
CONTACT AREA PLACED
TOO GINGIVALLY
1.Impinges on the
interdental papilla.
2.The contact size is
decreased.
CONTACT AREA PLACED
TOO OCCLUSALLY
1. Shallow occlusal
embrasure.
2. Flattened marginal
ridge.
25. IMPROPER CONTOUR
• UNDER CONTOUR:
Causes food impingement of food into soft tissue.
• OVER CONTOUR:
Deflects food away from gingiva resulting in understimulation of
supporting tissues.
PROPER CONTOUR UNDER CONTOUR OVER CONTOUR
26. IMPROPER MARGINAL RIDGE
A MARGINAL RIDGE WITH NO OCCLUSAL EMBRASURE
A MARGINAL RIDGE WITH EXAGGERATED OCCLUSAL EMBRASURE
Causes driving of food debris interproximally.
If debris are trapped in between it will be very
difficult to remove.
27. MARGINAL RIDGES NOT COMPATIBLE IN HEIGHT
Restoration with marginal ridge higher than adjacent tooth:
• Will cause the restored tooth to move.
• Dives food debris interproximally.
Restoration with marginal ridge lower then adjacent tooth:
• Major movement of the unrestored tooth occurs.
34. WOOD/PLASTIC WEDGES
FUNCTION:-
1.Adapts the matrix band to the tooth
gingivally.
2.Occupy the space filled by gingival
interdental tissue thus preventing overfill.
3.Creates tooth separation compensating
for the thickness if matris band
4.Protects interproximal tissue.
5.Immobilizes the matrix band.
35. Special types of Wedge placements
• DOUBLE WEDGING:-
1.Used when the proximal
box is wide faciolingually.
2. two wedges are used, one
from the lingual
embrasure and one from
the facial embrasure.
36. • PIGGY BACK WEDGING:-
• This type of wedging is
particularly useful for
patients whose
interproximal tissue
level has receded.
• Second (usually smaller)
wedge may be placed
on top of the first to
wedge adequately the
matrix against the
margin
37. • WEDGE-WEDGING:-
• Used in case of a fluted
root, such as the mesial
surface of the maxillary
first premolar.
• A gingival margin located
in this area is concave.
• To wedge a matrix band
tightly against such a
margin, a second pointed
wedge can be inserted
between the first wedge
and the band.
38. NON-INTERFERING TRUE SEPARATOR
• A single-bowed
separator designed to
give greater access to
the surface being
operated on; designed
by Harry A. True.
• Indicated when
continuous stabilized
separation is required.
39. FERRIER SEPARATOR
• A set of balanced, double-bowed, adjustable
separators designed by W.I. Ferrier.
40. Slow separation
• Used when rapid movement will endanger the
condition of the PDL (eg. in tilted/drifted tooth).
METHODS:-
a)Separating wires
b)Oversized temporaries
c)Orthodontic appliances
42. CLASSIFICATION OF MATRICES
• Depending upon method of retention:-
a)Mechanically retained eg. Ivory matrix
retainers, Tofflemire system.
b)Self-retained eg. Copper/Stainless steel bands.
• On basis of transparency:-
a)Transparent matrices eg. Cellophane/celluloid.
b) Non-transparent matrices eg. Stainless steel
43. Requirements of a matrix band
• Rigidity-To withstand the condensation
pressure.
• Versatility-To conform to any form.
• Comfortable to the patient.
• Height -A matrix band should extend 2mm
above the marginal ridge height & 1mm below
the gingival margin.
• Easy application & sterilization.
44. Dimensions of matrix bands
• Width-Ranging from
6.35mm to 9.525mm
for permanent teeth.
• 3.175mm to 7.9375mm
for deciduous teeth.
• Thickness-
0.0381mm(0.0015in)
to0.508mm(0.002 in).
45. TOFFLEMIRE/UNIVERSAL MATRIX
• Designed by B.R. Tofflemire.
• Ideally indicated when three surfaces (i.e., mesial,
occlusal, distal) of a posterior tooth have been
prepared.
• It may be positioned on the facial or lingual aspect of
the tooth.
46. WINDOW MATRIX
• Used for Class V amalgam restoration.
• Formed from Tofflemire matrix/Copper band.
• A window is cut in the matrix band slightly
smaller than the original cavity dimension.
49. Retainerless matrix systems
• Indicated in tilted or partially erupted teeth.
• Types:-
1.Retainerless automatrix band.
2.Anatomical matrix band
3.T shaped matrix band.
4.S-shaped matrix band
5.Full circle/Ring bands.
50. The automatrix system
is an alternative to a
universal retainer.
There is no retainer
used to hold the band in
place.
Bands are already
formed into a circle and
are available in assorted
sizes in both metal and
plastic.
52. S-shaped matrix
• Ideally used for
restoring distal part of
canine & premolar.
• Normal stainless steel
band is shaped by a
mouth mirror handle.
53. Anatomic matrix & wedges
1. Most efficient means of reproducing contact & contour.
2. Contoured specifically for each individual case.
54. Sectional Matrices
• A thin polished PALODENT-
type band and a tension
ring produce a tight
anatomic contact for class II
restorations.
• Precontoured and ready for
application to the tooth
• most suitable for
mandibular first premolars
and the distal surface of
maxillary canines.
BiTine® ringsMetal matrix forms
55. A plastic matrix, also referred to as a celluloid
matrix or mylar strip, is used for class III
and IV restorations.
56. CERVICAL
MATRICES -
The thin edges allow
the excess composite
to flow out and offer a
closer rebuild of the
natural tooth.
57. 1.These are stock plastic
crowns which can be
adapted to the tooth
anatomy.
2.In bilateral class IV
entire crown form is
used.
3.In unilateral
situations it is cut into
half.