Consumer behavior Ads assignemnt
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The document discusses various concepts from consumer behavior and psychology including stimuli, perceptual organization, figure and ground principles, proximity, closure, the Zeigarnik effect, the Restorff effect, and different types of reinforcement and punishment. It provides an overview of these concepts and gives an example of how figure and ground principles are used in a Coca Cola advertisement to draw attention to the bottle figure against a colorful background.
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This document summarizes key concepts in consumer behavior and perceptual organization. It discusses stimuli and how Gestalt psychologists identified rules that govern how people perceive disjointed stimuli. It describes figure-ground perception and proximity. It also discusses concepts like closure, the Zeigarnik effect, the Restorff effect, positive reinforcement, and negative reinforcement. The document concludes with a fantasy advertisement example using descriptive words like exotic, fresh, elegance, soft, and captivating.
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This document summarizes key concepts in consumer behavior and perceptual organization. It discusses stimuli and how Gestalt psychologists identified rules that govern how people perceive disjointed stimuli. It describes figure-ground perception and proximity. It also discusses concepts like closure, the Zeigarnik effect, the Restorff effect, positive reinforcement, and negative reinforcement. The document concludes with a fantasy advertisement example using descriptive words like exotic, fresh, elegance, soft, and captivating.
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This document outlines key concepts from Chapter 5 of the textbook "Consumer Behavior, Ninth Edition" by Schiffman and Kanuk on the topic of personality and consumer behavior. It discusses several theories of personality including Freudian theory, trait theory, and cognitive personality factors. It also covers topics like brand personality, product personality, consumer ethnocentrism, and how personality influences consumer decision making. The chapter presents models and frameworks to understand how personality shapes consumer preferences, choices, and relationships with brands.
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The document discusses factors that influence consumer behavior, including cultural, social, and psychological factors. It examines how culture, social class, reference groups, family, demographics, and location impact purchasing decisions. Additionally, it analyzes psychological influences such as perception, learning, motivation, attitudes, and lifestyles that shape consumer behavior. The consumer decision-making process involves need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts related to consumer behavior, including:
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2. It summarizes models of consumer behavior and discusses concepts like needs, experiences, lifestyle, self-concept and the consumer decision process.
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Variations in consumer decision making depend on the type of product and level of involvement. People learn through different processes such as cognitive learning, behavioral learning through conditioning, and modeling from others. Marketers aim to influence consumer learning and decision making through various tools and strategies. Cultural and social factors also impact consumer behavior.
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This document provides an overview of Cadbury India and its leading chocolate brand Cadbury Dairy Milk. Some key points:
- Cadbury India controls over 67% of the Indian chocolate market and Dairy Milk is considered the "gold standard" chocolate brand.
- Cadbury began operations in India in 1948 and today has six manufacturing facilities and four sales offices. Its signature purple logo and packaging are highly recognizable.
- The Indian chocolate market is growing rapidly at 15-23% annually and is projected to reach 341,609 tons by 2018. However, per capita consumption remains low at 165 grams compared to other countries.
- Cadbury dominates various chocolate segments in India such as bars, count
Advertising appeals
The document discusses different types of advertising appeals that are used to influence consumer purchasing decisions. It identifies 18 different appeals including emotional appeals like fear and humor appeals, rational appeals that focus on product features, and social appeals that play on desires for status or acceptance. The appeals are designed to create a positive image of products and make consumers feel purchasing them will fulfill psychological or social needs. Examples of how different appeals could be implemented in advertisements are provided.
Marketing cadbury
This document provides information about target marketing for Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate in India. It begins with an introduction to target marketing and segmentation. It then discusses Cadbury's target markets in India, which have expanded from kids to include all family members and occasions. The document outlines Cadbury's marketing mix strategies, objectives, and highlights for targeting different consumer groups. It concludes with a questionnaire and bibliography.
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05cognitive reframing and EXTERNALIZING the PROBLEMTh.docx
|05|cognitive reframing and EXTERNALIZING
the PROBLEM
“The most common way people
give up their power is by
thinking they don’t have any.”
Alice Walker
EXTERNALIZING THE PROBLEM | 79
Where We Have Been
In Chapter 4, you learned to identify, acknowledge, and accept how your feelings and emotions can affect your
personal narratives. More importantly, you learned that you are someone who experiences feelings and emotions, but
you are separate from them—they do not define you. You were also introduced to insights and strategies that allow
feelings to move through you, rather than overtake you, so that you can minimize the chance of feelings and emotions
becoming problematic and taking your personal narrative hostage. Finally, you learned breathing exercises and were
introduced to guided mindfulness and meditation as a route to quiet your thoughts and connect you to the calming
influence of the present moment.
Where We Are Going
In this chapter, we will introduce you to the concept of neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to be “plastic” or
“changeable” in nature by actually growing new neural pathways when tasked with creating new thinking patterns, at
any age (Figure 1). Understanding and embracing neuroplasticity is important as you begin to update your thinking
patterns and form more helpful ways of responding to difficult feelings, emotions, and stressors.
Gearing Up
» To begin to understand the concept of neuroplasticity and recognize that with it
comes an invitation to shift your relationship to your mindset problems
» To begin to maximize your brain’s neuroplasticity as you form new thinking
patterns
» To begin to learn about the important role of cognitive reframing as you foster
new ways of responding to feelings, thoughts, and beliefs
» To begin to understand the concept and practice of externalizing your problems
» To begin to identify your main problem and learn the scope of its current
influence in your life
» To begin to develop a new relationship to your problem(s)
Figure 1. Our brains are capable of
growing new neural pathways at any
age.
You will also discover that you cannot always trust your thoughts as they are often stuck in the cycle of delivering
faulty information based on self-limiting and even self-sabotaging beliefs (see the discussion on self-talk in Chapter 2).
Because this is so common for many, you will be taught how to “prime yourself” to maximize your brain’s potential for
neuroplasticity when self-limiting beliefs do in fact surface; you’ll do this by following a process that starts with simply
pausing and noticing.
Next, you will be introduced to cognitive reframing, a concept that allows you to view the same information or
experience, but through a different and more productive frame.
Lastly, you will be introduced to the narrative concept of externalizing problems. This concept holds the potential to
liberate you from problems that previously you may ha.
05cognitive reframing and EXTERNALIZING the PROBLEMTh.docx
|05|cognitive reframing and EXTERNALIZING
the PROBLEM
“The most common way people
give up their power is by
thinking they don’t have any.”
Alice Walker
EXTERNALIZING THE PROBLEM | 79
Where We Have Been
In Chapter 4, you learned to identify, acknowledge, and accept how your feelings and emotions can affect your
personal narratives. More importantly, you learned that you are someone who experiences feelings and emotions, but
you are separate from them—they do not define you. You were also introduced to insights and strategies that allow
feelings to move through you, rather than overtake you, so that you can minimize the chance of feelings and emotions
becoming problematic and taking your personal narrative hostage. Finally, you learned breathing exercises and were
introduced to guided mindfulness and meditation as a route to quiet your thoughts and connect you to the calming
influence of the present moment.
Where We Are Going
In this chapter, we will introduce you to the concept of neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to be “plastic” or
“changeable” in nature by actually growing new neural pathways when tasked with creating new thinking patterns, at
any age (Figure 1). Understanding and embracing neuroplasticity is important as you begin to update your thinking
patterns and form more helpful ways of responding to difficult feelings, emotions, and stressors.
Gearing Up
» To begin to understand the concept of neuroplasticity and recognize that with it
comes an invitation to shift your relationship to your mindset problems
» To begin to maximize your brain’s neuroplasticity as you form new thinking
patterns
» To begin to learn about the important role of cognitive reframing as you foster
new ways of responding to feelings, thoughts, and beliefs
» To begin to understand the concept and practice of externalizing your problems
» To begin to identify your main problem and learn the scope of its current
influence in your life
» To begin to develop a new relationship to your problem(s)
Figure 1. Our brains are capable of
growing new neural pathways at any
age.
You will also discover that you cannot always trust your thoughts as they are often stuck in the cycle of delivering
faulty information based on self-limiting and even self-sabotaging beliefs (see the discussion on self-talk in Chapter 2).
Because this is so common for many, you will be taught how to “prime yourself” to maximize your brain’s potential for
neuroplasticity when self-limiting beliefs do in fact surface; you’ll do this by following a process that starts with simply
pausing and noticing.
Next, you will be introduced to cognitive reframing, a concept that allows you to view the same information or
experience, but through a different and more productive frame.
Lastly, you will be introduced to the narrative concept of externalizing problems. This concept holds the potential to
liberate you from problems that previously you may ha.
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3) Experts describe five major components of emotional intelligence: self-awareness, self-management, self-motivation, empathy, and relationship management.
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1) Emotional intelligence involves managing one's emotions so they don't control you and can be improved through practices like self-observation and cognitive restructuring.
2) Cognitive therapy believes that changing one's thoughts can change emotions and actions, and cognitive restructuring analyzes one's interpretations of events.
3) Experts describe five major components of emotional intelligence: self-awareness, self-management, self-motivation, empathy, and relationship management.
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- It emphasizes recognizing one's own emotions and thoughts, understanding others' emotions through empathy, and resolving conflicts assertively while considering all perspectives.
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10Consciousness© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
10
Consciousness
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
1
module 10.1
Conscious and Unconscious Processes
After studying this module, you should be able to:
Explain why early psychologists abandoned the study of consciousness and why new developments now make such a study possible.
List methods of presenting a stimulus while preventing conscious perception of it.
Describe how a consciously perceived stimulus activates brain areas differently from the same stimulus when not consciously perceived.
Cite evidence that the brain processes some information unconsciously.
Discuss cases in which people in a vegetative state showed evidence of consciousness.
Describe and evaluate evidence that brain activity responsible for a movement begins before the conscious decision to make that movement.
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
2
Measuring Consciousness
Psychologists long ago abandoned the study of consciousness, but today research is possible because of:
An operational definition
“If a cooperative person reports being conscious (aware) of one stimulus and not of another, then he or she was conscious of the first and not the second.”
Limited research questions
Methods of measuring brain activity
Ways of controlling consciousness of a stimulus
Masking – a procedure of preceding or following a stimulus with an interfering pattern that might prevent consciousness of the stimulus
Flash suppression – a procedure of blocking consciousness of a stationary visual stimulus by surrounding it with rapidly flashing items
Binocular rivalry – alteration between seeing the pattern in the left retina and the pattern in the right retina
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
Psychology began in the late 1800s as the scientific study of the conscious mind. However, researchers soon abandoned the effort. The behaviorists argued convincingly that consciousness is an internal, private experience that researchers cannot observe or measure. At the time they were certainly right, as they had no method to measure brain activity or anything else that might correlate with a private experience. Therefore, psychologists redefined their field as the study of behavior.
Although the behaviorists were right at their time that research on consciousness was impossible, times have changed. Four advances have facilitated meaningful research:
An operational definition of consciousness
Limited, answerable questions
Modern methods to measure brain activity
Ways of controlling consciousness of a stimulus
A dictionary might define consciousness as the subjective experience of perceiving oneself and one’s surroundings. However, that definition relies on the phrase “subjective experience,” which is no better defined than consciousness itself. Researchers use this operational definition: If a cooperative person reports being conscious (aware) of one stimulus and not of another, then he or she was conscious of the first and not the second.
For the time being, we postpone the questions ...
10Consciousness© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
10
Consciousness
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
1
module 10.1
Conscious and Unconscious Processes
After studying this module, you should be able to:
Explain why early psychologists abandoned the study of consciousness and why new developments now make such a study possible.
List methods of presenting a stimulus while preventing conscious perception of it.
Describe how a consciously perceived stimulus activates brain areas differently from the same stimulus when not consciously perceived.
Cite evidence that the brain processes some information unconsciously.
Discuss cases in which people in a vegetative state showed evidence of consciousness.
Describe and evaluate evidence that brain activity responsible for a movement begins before the conscious decision to make that movement.
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
2
Measuring Consciousness
Psychologists long ago abandoned the study of consciousness, but today research is possible because of:
An operational definition
“If a cooperative person reports being conscious (aware) of one stimulus and not of another, then he or she was conscious of the first and not the second.”
Limited research questions
Methods of measuring brain activity
Ways of controlling consciousness of a stimulus
Masking – a procedure of preceding or following a stimulus with an interfering pattern that might prevent consciousness of the stimulus
Flash suppression – a procedure of blocking consciousness of a stationary visual stimulus by surrounding it with rapidly flashing items
Binocular rivalry – alteration between seeing the pattern in the left retina and the pattern in the right retina
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
Psychology began in the late 1800s as the scientific study of the conscious mind. However, researchers soon abandoned the effort. The behaviorists argued convincingly that consciousness is an internal, private experience that researchers cannot observe or measure. At the time they were certainly right, as they had no method to measure brain activity or anything else that might correlate with a private experience. Therefore, psychologists redefined their field as the study of behavior.
Although the behaviorists were right at their time that research on consciousness was impossible, times have changed. Four advances have facilitated meaningful research:
An operational definition of consciousness
Limited, answerable questions
Modern methods to measure brain activity
Ways of controlling consciousness of a stimulus
A dictionary might define consciousness as the subjective experience of perceiving oneself and one’s surroundings. However, that definition relies on the phrase “subjective experience,” which is no better defined than consciousness itself. Researchers use this operational definition: If a cooperative person reports being conscious (aware) of one stimulus and not of another, then he or she was conscious of the first and not the second.
For the time being, we postpone the questions ...
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The document discusses the marketing strategies and global expansion of Oreo cookies. It provides background on Oreo's origins and mission to cater to consumers' health needs. Current strategies include product development and introducing new flavors. Marketing objectives are outlined as maintaining demand, creating brand awareness, and retaining customers. Oreo is positioned as a childhood nostalgia item that twists, licks and dunks. Global sales are over $1.5 billion annually. The document then discusses Oreo's marketing campaigns promoting family bonding in various countries.
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The data presented here was a result of the work of many people including myself.
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Variations in consumer decision making depend on the type of product and level of involvement. People learn through different processes such as cognitive learning, behavioral learning through conditioning, and modeling from others. Marketers aim to influence consumer learning and decision making through various tools and strategies. Cultural and social factors also impact consumer behavior.
Cadbury Dairy Milk
This document provides an overview of Cadbury India and its leading chocolate brand Cadbury Dairy Milk. Some key points:
- Cadbury India controls over 67% of the Indian chocolate market and Dairy Milk is considered the "gold standard" chocolate brand.
- Cadbury began operations in India in 1948 and today has six manufacturing facilities and four sales offices. Its signature purple logo and packaging are highly recognizable.
- The Indian chocolate market is growing rapidly at 15-23% annually and is projected to reach 341,609 tons by 2018. However, per capita consumption remains low at 165 grams compared to other countries.
- Cadbury dominates various chocolate segments in India such as bars, count
Advertising appeals
The document discusses different types of advertising appeals that are used to influence consumer purchasing decisions. It identifies 18 different appeals including emotional appeals like fear and humor appeals, rational appeals that focus on product features, and social appeals that play on desires for status or acceptance. The appeals are designed to create a positive image of products and make consumers feel purchasing them will fulfill psychological or social needs. Examples of how different appeals could be implemented in advertisements are provided.
Marketing cadbury
This document provides information about target marketing for Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate in India. It begins with an introduction to target marketing and segmentation. It then discusses Cadbury's target markets in India, which have expanded from kids to include all family members and occasions. The document outlines Cadbury's marketing mix strategies, objectives, and highlights for targeting different consumer groups. It concludes with a questionnaire and bibliography.
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The hypnosis handbook
WRNANIG: TIHS WLIL OLNY WROK FOR POELPE WHO CAN RAED TIHS
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05cognitive reframing and EXTERNALIZING the PROBLEMTh.docx
|05|cognitive reframing and EXTERNALIZING
the PROBLEM
“The most common way people
give up their power is by
thinking they don’t have any.”
Alice Walker
EXTERNALIZING THE PROBLEM | 79
Where We Have Been
In Chapter 4, you learned to identify, acknowledge, and accept how your feelings and emotions can affect your
personal narratives. More importantly, you learned that you are someone who experiences feelings and emotions, but
you are separate from them—they do not define you. You were also introduced to insights and strategies that allow
feelings to move through you, rather than overtake you, so that you can minimize the chance of feelings and emotions
becoming problematic and taking your personal narrative hostage. Finally, you learned breathing exercises and were
introduced to guided mindfulness and meditation as a route to quiet your thoughts and connect you to the calming
influence of the present moment.
Where We Are Going
In this chapter, we will introduce you to the concept of neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to be “plastic” or
“changeable” in nature by actually growing new neural pathways when tasked with creating new thinking patterns, at
any age (Figure 1). Understanding and embracing neuroplasticity is important as you begin to update your thinking
patterns and form more helpful ways of responding to difficult feelings, emotions, and stressors.
Gearing Up
» To begin to understand the concept of neuroplasticity and recognize that with it
comes an invitation to shift your relationship to your mindset problems
» To begin to maximize your brain’s neuroplasticity as you form new thinking
patterns
» To begin to learn about the important role of cognitive reframing as you foster
new ways of responding to feelings, thoughts, and beliefs
» To begin to understand the concept and practice of externalizing your problems
» To begin to identify your main problem and learn the scope of its current
influence in your life
» To begin to develop a new relationship to your problem(s)
Figure 1. Our brains are capable of
growing new neural pathways at any
age.
You will also discover that you cannot always trust your thoughts as they are often stuck in the cycle of delivering
faulty information based on self-limiting and even self-sabotaging beliefs (see the discussion on self-talk in Chapter 2).
Because this is so common for many, you will be taught how to “prime yourself” to maximize your brain’s potential for
neuroplasticity when self-limiting beliefs do in fact surface; you’ll do this by following a process that starts with simply
pausing and noticing.
Next, you will be introduced to cognitive reframing, a concept that allows you to view the same information or
experience, but through a different and more productive frame.
Lastly, you will be introduced to the narrative concept of externalizing problems. This concept holds the potential to
liberate you from problems that previously you may ha.
05cognitive reframing and EXTERNALIZING the PROBLEMTh.docx
|05|cognitive reframing and EXTERNALIZING
the PROBLEM
“The most common way people
give up their power is by
thinking they don’t have any.”
Alice Walker
EXTERNALIZING THE PROBLEM | 79
Where We Have Been
In Chapter 4, you learned to identify, acknowledge, and accept how your feelings and emotions can affect your
personal narratives. More importantly, you learned that you are someone who experiences feelings and emotions, but
you are separate from them—they do not define you. You were also introduced to insights and strategies that allow
feelings to move through you, rather than overtake you, so that you can minimize the chance of feelings and emotions
becoming problematic and taking your personal narrative hostage. Finally, you learned breathing exercises and were
introduced to guided mindfulness and meditation as a route to quiet your thoughts and connect you to the calming
influence of the present moment.
Where We Are Going
In this chapter, we will introduce you to the concept of neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to be “plastic” or
“changeable” in nature by actually growing new neural pathways when tasked with creating new thinking patterns, at
any age (Figure 1). Understanding and embracing neuroplasticity is important as you begin to update your thinking
patterns and form more helpful ways of responding to difficult feelings, emotions, and stressors.
Gearing Up
» To begin to understand the concept of neuroplasticity and recognize that with it
comes an invitation to shift your relationship to your mindset problems
» To begin to maximize your brain’s neuroplasticity as you form new thinking
patterns
» To begin to learn about the important role of cognitive reframing as you foster
new ways of responding to feelings, thoughts, and beliefs
» To begin to understand the concept and practice of externalizing your problems
» To begin to identify your main problem and learn the scope of its current
influence in your life
» To begin to develop a new relationship to your problem(s)
Figure 1. Our brains are capable of
growing new neural pathways at any
age.
You will also discover that you cannot always trust your thoughts as they are often stuck in the cycle of delivering
faulty information based on self-limiting and even self-sabotaging beliefs (see the discussion on self-talk in Chapter 2).
Because this is so common for many, you will be taught how to “prime yourself” to maximize your brain’s potential for
neuroplasticity when self-limiting beliefs do in fact surface; you’ll do this by following a process that starts with simply
pausing and noticing.
Next, you will be introduced to cognitive reframing, a concept that allows you to view the same information or
experience, but through a different and more productive frame.
Lastly, you will be introduced to the narrative concept of externalizing problems. This concept holds the potential to
liberate you from problems that previously you may ha.
Can Mindfulness Help Creativity?
This document discusses how mindfulness can help creativity. It begins by defining creativity as looking at things differently than others. It then explains that our brains often operate on autopilot, limiting creativity. The document outlines how mindfulness involves presence, awareness, curiosity and kindness. It suggests daily mindfulness activities and exercises to get out of autopilot thinking, such as mindful eating, walking and listening. Regular mindfulness practice can strengthen cognitive flexibility and novel problem solving to enhance creativity.
Activate the anterior amygdala for limitless mental ability by s'rî vyuha ass...
This document discusses how activating the anterior portion of the amygdala can lead to limitless mental ability. It describes the amygdala's role in emotional responses and connections to other brain regions like the frontal lobes. It then introduces an amygdala activation technique using guided imagery and chanting to stimulate the anterior amygdala and increase frontal lobe activity, with benefits like improved creativity and intelligence. Repeated practice of this technique can eventually lead to a phenomenon called "frontal lobes transcendence".
How to redirect bad habits with the habit loop
Cravings, and their triggers, are not your enemy. Use Charles Duhigg's habit loop to redirect their lightning and shock bad habits.
Emotional intelligence
1) Emotional intelligence involves managing one's emotions so they don't control you and can be improved through practices like self-observation and cognitive restructuring.
2) Cognitive therapy believes that changing one's thoughts can change feelings and actions, and cognitive restructuring analyzes one's interpretations of events.
3) Experts describe five major components of emotional intelligence: self-awareness, self-management, self-motivation, empathy, and relationship management.
Emotional Intelligence
1) Emotional intelligence involves managing one's emotions so they don't control you and can be improved through practices like self-observation and cognitive restructuring.
2) Cognitive therapy believes that changing one's thoughts can change feelings and actions, and cognitive restructuring analyzes one's interpretations of events.
3) Experts describe five major components of emotional intelligence: self-awareness, self-management, self-motivation, empathy, and relationship management.
Emotional intelligence
1) Emotional intelligence involves managing one's emotions so they don't control you and can be improved through practices like self-observation and cognitive restructuring.
2) Cognitive therapy believes that changing one's thoughts can change emotions and actions, and cognitive restructuring analyzes one's interpretations of events.
3) Experts describe five major components of emotional intelligence: self-awareness, self-management, self-motivation, empathy, and relationship management.
The Happiness Advantage Book Exploration by Laurie Hawkins
The document summarizes key principles from the book "The Happiness Advantage" by Shawn Achor. It discusses how happiness leads to greater success, not the other way around, and outlines strategies like exercising, finding meaning, practicing kindness, and leveraging strengths to improve mood and raise happiness. It also discusses how mindset influences what we see in the world, and how to reframe failures as opportunities. Leaders are encouraged to foster happiness in their organizations to unlock staff potential and motivate teams.
PERSON PERCEPTIONS
I this PPT you can learn about a Person's perceptions, the way people thinks, why they have a specific king of beliefs and mindset etc.
Speech presentation amber palassis
The document summarizes key points from the book "The Happiness Advantage" by Shawn Achor. It discusses that the book supports the theory that happy people are more likely to be successful, rather than success leading to happiness. It outlines seven methods discussed in the book to facilitate happiness, including focusing on small goals, limiting negative focus, using social support, and training the brain to see things positively. The overall message is that practicing happiness can help create success through improved performance.
emotional-intelligence-supplemental-self-study-presentation.ppsx
- The document discusses developing emotional intelligence through four components: self-awareness, social awareness, adaptability, and resilience.
- It emphasizes recognizing one's own emotions and thoughts, understanding others' emotions through empathy, and resolving conflicts assertively while considering all perspectives.
- Developing emotional intelligence improves job performance, relationships, and the ability to manage stress and adapt to change according to research cited in the document.
10Consciousness© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
10
Consciousness
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
1
module 10.1
Conscious and Unconscious Processes
After studying this module, you should be able to:
Explain why early psychologists abandoned the study of consciousness and why new developments now make such a study possible.
List methods of presenting a stimulus while preventing conscious perception of it.
Describe how a consciously perceived stimulus activates brain areas differently from the same stimulus when not consciously perceived.
Cite evidence that the brain processes some information unconsciously.
Discuss cases in which people in a vegetative state showed evidence of consciousness.
Describe and evaluate evidence that brain activity responsible for a movement begins before the conscious decision to make that movement.
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
2
Measuring Consciousness
Psychologists long ago abandoned the study of consciousness, but today research is possible because of:
An operational definition
“If a cooperative person reports being conscious (aware) of one stimulus and not of another, then he or she was conscious of the first and not the second.”
Limited research questions
Methods of measuring brain activity
Ways of controlling consciousness of a stimulus
Masking – a procedure of preceding or following a stimulus with an interfering pattern that might prevent consciousness of the stimulus
Flash suppression – a procedure of blocking consciousness of a stationary visual stimulus by surrounding it with rapidly flashing items
Binocular rivalry – alteration between seeing the pattern in the left retina and the pattern in the right retina
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
Psychology began in the late 1800s as the scientific study of the conscious mind. However, researchers soon abandoned the effort. The behaviorists argued convincingly that consciousness is an internal, private experience that researchers cannot observe or measure. At the time they were certainly right, as they had no method to measure brain activity or anything else that might correlate with a private experience. Therefore, psychologists redefined their field as the study of behavior.
Although the behaviorists were right at their time that research on consciousness was impossible, times have changed. Four advances have facilitated meaningful research:
An operational definition of consciousness
Limited, answerable questions
Modern methods to measure brain activity
Ways of controlling consciousness of a stimulus
A dictionary might define consciousness as the subjective experience of perceiving oneself and one’s surroundings. However, that definition relies on the phrase “subjective experience,” which is no better defined than consciousness itself. Researchers use this operational definition: If a cooperative person reports being conscious (aware) of one stimulus and not of another, then he or she was conscious of the first and not the second.
For the time being, we postpone the questions ...
10Consciousness© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
10
Consciousness
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
1
module 10.1
Conscious and Unconscious Processes
After studying this module, you should be able to:
Explain why early psychologists abandoned the study of consciousness and why new developments now make such a study possible.
List methods of presenting a stimulus while preventing conscious perception of it.
Describe how a consciously perceived stimulus activates brain areas differently from the same stimulus when not consciously perceived.
Cite evidence that the brain processes some information unconsciously.
Discuss cases in which people in a vegetative state showed evidence of consciousness.
Describe and evaluate evidence that brain activity responsible for a movement begins before the conscious decision to make that movement.
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
2
Measuring Consciousness
Psychologists long ago abandoned the study of consciousness, but today research is possible because of:
An operational definition
“If a cooperative person reports being conscious (aware) of one stimulus and not of another, then he or she was conscious of the first and not the second.”
Limited research questions
Methods of measuring brain activity
Ways of controlling consciousness of a stimulus
Masking – a procedure of preceding or following a stimulus with an interfering pattern that might prevent consciousness of the stimulus
Flash suppression – a procedure of blocking consciousness of a stationary visual stimulus by surrounding it with rapidly flashing items
Binocular rivalry – alteration between seeing the pattern in the left retina and the pattern in the right retina
© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
Psychology began in the late 1800s as the scientific study of the conscious mind. However, researchers soon abandoned the effort. The behaviorists argued convincingly that consciousness is an internal, private experience that researchers cannot observe or measure. At the time they were certainly right, as they had no method to measure brain activity or anything else that might correlate with a private experience. Therefore, psychologists redefined their field as the study of behavior.
Although the behaviorists were right at their time that research on consciousness was impossible, times have changed. Four advances have facilitated meaningful research:
An operational definition of consciousness
Limited, answerable questions
Modern methods to measure brain activity
Ways of controlling consciousness of a stimulus
A dictionary might define consciousness as the subjective experience of perceiving oneself and one’s surroundings. However, that definition relies on the phrase “subjective experience,” which is no better defined than consciousness itself. Researchers use this operational definition: If a cooperative person reports being conscious (aware) of one stimulus and not of another, then he or she was conscious of the first and not the second.
For the time being, we postpone the questions ...
The Ant And The Elephant
The document outlines five "C's" of leadership for self: clarity of vision, commitment, consistency, confidence, and control. It provides strategies for each "C" including finding the emotional vision, committing to positive thoughts, using reminders, replacing negative patterns with positive thoughts, and preparing for unexpected challenges. The key message is that mastering the subconscious mind is important for leadership, and the five "C's" provide a framework for doing so.
The Art of Manifesting Reality Harnessing Metaphysical Principles for Success...
Manifestation is the process of bringing your desires and intentions into physical reality. It is based on the understanding that our thoughts, emotions, and beliefs have a direct influence on the circumstances and experiences we attract. By aligning your thoughts and energy with your desires, you can manifest them into your reality.
Create resilience and self-compassion with mindfulness meditation and positiv...
Create resilience and self-compassion with mindfulness meditation and positiv...Dr. Andrea Pennington
10 years ago Dr. Pennington introduced acupuncture, mindfulness meditation & positive psychology coaching to an intensive outpatient program for binge eating disorder. It quickly became a highly referred and publicized approach for process addictions. Her research and clinical practice produced the Attunement Meditation which fosters impulse control, resilience & stress reduction.
Free meditation downloads are available at
www.AndreaPennington.com/StressLess
Research shows that through prolonged mindfulness practice the insular region of the brain is enhanced leading to increased self-awareness, emotional regulation and wellbeing. Further, a reduction of anxiety by the amygdala through mindfulness-based practices is well established in the literature.
Dr. Pennington's Attunement Meditation empowers people to build 9 essential resilience traits for wellbeing and relapse prevention, including:
non-judgmental awareness, present moment attention,acceptance,
self-compassion, physiological stress reduction, letting go/surrender, emotional intelligence, self-generated positive emotion and gratitude, and adaptability.
FOCUS
This article discusses how attention spans have decreased over time and now average only 8 seconds according to recent research. It emphasizes that focus and the ability to concentrate are key aspects that determine success. The author outlines Daniel Goleman's three aspects of focus - inner focus on self-awareness, outer focus on relating to others, and other focus on systems and organizations. Simple strategies are provided to help improve focus such as minimizing distractions, taking breaks, and practicing mindfulness. The overall message is that success depends on having a balanced ability to focus in all three areas.
Concept of motivation in Psychology
Concept of motivation in Psychology
for more visit these links
[1] - http://www.newtutorialslab.com/
[2] - http://www.ansmachine.net/
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Activate the anterior amygdala for limitless mental ability by s'rî vyuha ass...
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10Consciousness© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
10Consciousness© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
10Consciousness© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
10Consciousness© 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.
The Art of Manifesting Reality Harnessing Metaphysical Principles for Success...
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Create resilience and self-compassion with mindfulness meditation and positiv...
Create resilience and self-compassion with mindfulness meditation and positiv...
More from Hamid Hussain
MY WRR Teamwork PPT
This research report examines the impact of teamwork on employee productivity and overall organizational performance. The objective is to understand how to evaluate teams and promote partnership to provide the best quality service. It is hypothesized that teamwork is positively related to both firm and employee productivity. A survey of 20 employees at a biscuit manufacturing company was conducted. The results strongly supported the hypothesis, showing that teamwork enhances motivation, productivity and effectiveness, and helps firms attract, retain and motivate employees through better communication. The conclusion is that teamwork leads to organizational growth and improvement because people make the critical difference between success and failure.
TEAMWORKTable of contents
This document contains an outline for a research study, listing 23 sections including an introduction, statement of the problem, objectives, methodology, data collection, analysis, findings, and recommendations. It provides the framework and structure for a research paper or report, outlining the key components and their order.
My wrr TEAMWORK project report
This document summarizes Hamid Hussain's research project on the impact of teamwork on employee productivity and organizational performance. The research was conducted through surveys of employees at English Biscuit Manufacturers and small businesses in Pakistan. The study aims to understand how teamwork affects motivation, productivity and effectiveness. It also examines how organizations can build teamwork and keep employee morale high. The research found that teamwork plays a significant role in improving firm performance and that motivation and productivity can be enhanced through teamwork. However, some organizations still lack sufficient efforts to incorporate employee ideas and opinions.
TEAMWORK Letter of transmittal
Hamid Hussain writes a letter to thank Dr. R.A. Shah for his guidance and supervision during his studies. He believes Dr. Shah has helped him develop valuable skills and traits that will allow him to be a respected member of society. Hamid also expresses gratitude for Dr. Shah's advice, coaching, and assistance, which helped Hamid successfully complete a term project as part of a committed team.
TEAMWORK Aknowledgment
This document is a dedication from a student named Hamid Hussain to his respected teacher Dr. Rashid A. Shah. Hamid thanks Dr. Shah for his support, encouragement, motivation, knowledge, commitment, and dedication over the last four months. Hamid wishes God's blessings upon Dr. Shah and strength to follow his example in their work.
TEAMWORK Title
This document examines the impact of teamwork on employee productivity and organizational performance. It was submitted by Hamid Hussain to Dr. R.A Shah of Iqra University on December 27, 2010 to analyze how teamwork affects employees and organizations.
TEAMWORKReferences and bibliography
Teamwork can significantly impact employee productivity and organizational success. References discuss how world-class organizations win through effective teamwork and evaluating teamwork skills. Factors like communication, trust, and shared goals promote teamwork success in organizations.
Product and brand managment
A product is anything offered by a company to satisfy customer needs, whether an object, service, or idea. New product development mostly involves improving existing products, with less than 10% being totally new concepts. The success rate of new products is very low, less than 5%. Products go through stages of development, testing, analysis, and market testing before commercialization in targeted markets and customer groups using an introductory marketing strategy. Products exist at different levels from core benefits to potential enhancements.
Processes and flows
The document is comprised of repeated placeholder text stating "This is an example text" and variations thereof. It does not contain any actual content beyond examples instructing the reader to replace text.
Processes and flows
The document is composed entirely of placeholder text stating "This is an example text" repeated many times over without any actual meaningful or unique content. It appears to be an empty template intended to later be filled in with custom text.
Presentation background2
This document is a placeholder presentation template that can be customized. The template provides instructions on how to replace the placeholder text and formatting with the user's own content. It also specifies terms of use, asking users to not redistribute the template for download or claim it as their own work while allowing personal, educational and business use.
Presentation background1
This document provides instructions and guidelines for using a sample PowerPoint presentation template. It explains how to replace the placeholder text with your own text while retaining formatting. Users are encouraged to use the template for personal, educational and business purposes, but asked not to redistribute, modify or claim the template as their own work without permission.
Presentation background
This document provides instructions for using a sample PowerPoint presentation template. It explains how to replace the placeholder text with your own text while retaining formatting. The document also specifies terms of use, asking users to make a copy for backups but not to resell, distribute, or modify the template and claim it as their own work. All copyright and intellectual property rights are retained by PresentationLoad.com.
Nestle resentation1
Nestle is a leading bottled water company with factories in Pakistan. It uses a functional plant layout with similar machines grouped together. This layout provides advantages like flexibility, less downtime from breakdowns, and lower costs. Nestle sources labor from employment agencies, departmental hiring, and advertisements. It provides new employees with induction training and develops employees through on-the-job responsibilities and opportunities for lifelong learning and skills upgrading.
Nestle Presentation
The document summarizes Nestle's supply chain management for bottled water. It discusses Nestle's vision, mission, and history. It also outlines Nestle's procurement process, including demand and supply analysis, sourcing strategies, supplier selection, and management. The procurement cycle is explained in 8 steps from recognizing a need to closing the purchase order.
Nature animated
The document discusses the beauty and peace found in nature. It contains quotes about how nature is a reflection of God's artistry, with the sunset bringing the promise of a new dawn and the sky nourishing our eyes each day. The document encourages losing oneself in nature to find peace and looking deeply into nature to better understand everything.
Meddona
This document lists various artists and songs such as Madonna, Anakin Sk Song, Enya's Boadicea, and was put together by Elize.
Marketing plan
The document outlines a marketing plan for a new toothpaste brand called Enamel Cap. It discusses the product features, target market of all customers, and marketing strategy of aggressive distribution and sampling. The plan focuses on traditional and digital promotion methods and positioning the toothpaste as an affordable "all-in-one" product for dental health. The goal is to quickly gain market share and become the leading toothpaste brand.
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A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
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Consumer behavior Ads assignemnt
- 1. Presentation consumer behavior Imran Slote 7165 Abuzar Khalid 7573 Hamid Hussain 6831 Kashif Iqbal 7104 Noman Ali 8016
- 2. Overview stimulus A stimulus by definition is something that arouses the mind or spirits.
- 3. Stimulus 1
- 4. stimulus2
- 5. Stimulus 3
- 8. Proximity :
- 9. Closure
- 10. Zeigarnik effect The Zeigarnik Effect is used in a variety of contexts. It states that if you are half way through learning something and are then interrupted in what you are doing,
- 11. Zeigarnik effect
- 12. Restorff effect
- 15. Punishment
- 18. THANK YOU