The document discusses whether the current era is experiencing another "Axial Age" of great thought and change comparable to the period in ancient societies. It asks the student to argue how modern society has changed in the last 150 years in areas like philosophy, religion, science and technology, and compare this to the transformations during the Axial Age. It also prompts analyzing a passage from an ancient epic read in class to identify the cultural beliefs and worldviews it reflects, and whether modern societies still adhere to this view or if it was more specific to that historical context.