While Sparta and Athens developed differently, the Greek city-states shared many cultural similarities: they spoke the same language, believed in the same gods, enjoyed the same artistic works, and participated in athletic competitions. The Hellespont, an important strait near Troy, played a strategic role in the Greco-Persian wars between Greece and Persia in the 5th century BCE, including the famous battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis. Afterwards, Athens entered its Golden Age under the Athenian Empire and democracy, though old rivalries resumed after its decline.

1. 3. Democracy 1. Draco 4. Archons 5. Solon 8. Pisistratus 7. tyrant 9. Cleisthenes 2. demes 6. ostrakon

2. Sparta and Athens had developed in very different ways, people of Greek city-states had many things in common: They spoke the same language Believed in the same gods Read and recited the Homeric epics Competed in the same athletic contests. Both considered themselves superior to all non-Greeks

3. Conquerors of Greece – The Greco-Persian War

4. Hellespont is actually an ancient name given to the Dardanelles, which is a narrow strait located in northwestern Turkey. It connects the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean Sea. It gets its name from Helle, who was the daughter of Athamas, as she drowned here. This strait has an extensive history due to its strategic importance. Troy, the ancient legendary city was founded near the western opening of the strait. The Asiatic shore of the strait was the focal point of the Trojan War. The Hellespont

5. . . . Battle of 300 (Leonidas vs Xerxes) 490 BCE 25 miles from Athens Themistocles

6. . . . Battle of Thermopylae Battle of Marathon Battle of Salamis

7. GOLDEN AGE OF ATHENS Athenian empire Athenian Democracy Old rivalries among city-states broke out again Alliances Delian League – 150 city-states Athenians goverened themselves Athenians value education Public life

8. The Invasion of Alexander the Great