In the policies and plans for sustainability and eco-responsibility in cities, much attention has been directed to three sectors: the built environment, energy, and mobility.
At the beginning of the 21st century, it became obvious that a fourth, equally important element must be addressed: ICT.
To manage ICT effectively, cities need a common framework for data and performance, and a set of solutions for urban sustainability.
Sung-il Park, MOPAS - Green Broadband and Digital Economy StimulusShane Mitchell
This document outlines Korea's green IT policy and initiatives. It discusses (1) the concept of green IT and its role in promoting a low-carbon green growth; (2) major green IT policy directions including establishing smart grids, promoting telecommuting, building eco-friendly data centers, and developing carbon management systems; and (3) key government and private sector initiatives to create a green IT sector and build a low-carbon economy and society through IT convergence. The overall aim is for Korea to become a leader in green IT and contribute to an earlier realization of green growth and a low-carbon society.
Lecture about Tangible Technology for the Sustainable Digital Transformation in Smart Cities:
Describing Challenges, Sustainability in the City, Technology in the City,
Sustainable Smart City, and giving three examples of sustainable initiatives in Smart City Projects.
CUD Conference BREAKOUT Agenda - Amsterdam 23-24 September 2008Shane Mitchell
Breakout sessions agenda detailing speakers and themes across the two day conference bringing together thought leaders from business, city governments and academia to share knowledge, experiences and collaborate to drive forward the CUD program.
http://www.ericsson.com/thinkingahead/networked_society/city-life
The Networked Society City Index report continues to explore the correlation between cities’ ICT maturity and their triple bottom line development.
As with the previous studies, this index continues to show a strong correlation between ICT maturity of the city and their social, economic and environmental progress. In this report, New York City tops the overall ranking followed by Stockholm, London and Singapore.
The Networked Society City Index aims to develop a comprehensive evaluation of cities’ ICT maturity and their triple bottom line development. Through a series of reports we have analyzed 25 urban areas around the world from a city, citizen, and now, business perspective.
Patrik Regårdh from Ericsson’s Networked Society Lab says: "We see the individual – rather than city institutions or businesses – as the drivers of development resulting from ICT maturity. Governments follow by adapting to citizens’ changing behavior, while businesses primarily adopt ICT innovations to increase internal efficiency. More importantly, government decisions help steer the business sector’s ICT development. Therefore, changes in policy, regulation and planning, paired with research and support for taking risks and funding, are some of the key factors for driving progress. These factors are crucial in helping organizations of all sizes to connect, collaborate and compete more effectively."
This document discusses challenges facing infrastructure investment and management in Australian cities. It notes that public investment in infrastructure is declining while private investment is increasing. This puts pressure on infrastructure as the costs of projects rise due to factors like urban density, environmental regulations, and competition for resources. The document calls for an integrated approach between different levels of government for infrastructure planning and benchmarking to improve prioritization, incentives, governance, and performance of infrastructure over the long term.
This document provides a case study report submitted by 4 students on the topic of powering green ICT and smartphones. It includes a title page with their names and academic details, a table of contents, and sections on acknowledgements, abstract, introduction, definitions of ICT, reasons for green ICT, components of ICT, real access to ICT, and the evolution of the ICT model. The case study examines issues around energy consumption from ICT devices and strategies to make ICT more environmentally sustainable.
A five-step-plan for a low carbon urban developmentEricsson France
This document presents a five-step plan for developing low carbon cities through the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). The plan focuses on reducing direct emissions within cities, reducing embedded emissions from imported goods, and exporting low carbon solutions to help reduce global emissions. ICT solutions can deliver transformative reductions of 50% or more by replacing unsustainable practices with virtual alternatives that have 90-99% lower emissions. Studies show ICT could reduce global emissions by over 15% by 2020 and more with further innovation.
Conference Discussion Brief - Green ICT: Sustainablility for the 21st CenturyShane Mitchell
Green ICT aims to address the environmental impact of information and communications technology and how it can enable more sustainable cities. The document discusses how ICT is both an environmental problem due to its energy usage but also enables environmental benefits. It proposes that cities need a common framework to track data, metrics and solutions to factor ICT into their long-term sustainability plans and policies.
Sung-il Park, MOPAS - Green Broadband and Digital Economy StimulusShane Mitchell
This document outlines Korea's green IT policy and initiatives. It discusses (1) the concept of green IT and its role in promoting a low-carbon green growth; (2) major green IT policy directions including establishing smart grids, promoting telecommuting, building eco-friendly data centers, and developing carbon management systems; and (3) key government and private sector initiatives to create a green IT sector and build a low-carbon economy and society through IT convergence. The overall aim is for Korea to become a leader in green IT and contribute to an earlier realization of green growth and a low-carbon society.
Lecture about Tangible Technology for the Sustainable Digital Transformation in Smart Cities:
Describing Challenges, Sustainability in the City, Technology in the City,
Sustainable Smart City, and giving three examples of sustainable initiatives in Smart City Projects.
CUD Conference BREAKOUT Agenda - Amsterdam 23-24 September 2008Shane Mitchell
Breakout sessions agenda detailing speakers and themes across the two day conference bringing together thought leaders from business, city governments and academia to share knowledge, experiences and collaborate to drive forward the CUD program.
http://www.ericsson.com/thinkingahead/networked_society/city-life
The Networked Society City Index report continues to explore the correlation between cities’ ICT maturity and their triple bottom line development.
As with the previous studies, this index continues to show a strong correlation between ICT maturity of the city and their social, economic and environmental progress. In this report, New York City tops the overall ranking followed by Stockholm, London and Singapore.
The Networked Society City Index aims to develop a comprehensive evaluation of cities’ ICT maturity and their triple bottom line development. Through a series of reports we have analyzed 25 urban areas around the world from a city, citizen, and now, business perspective.
Patrik Regårdh from Ericsson’s Networked Society Lab says: "We see the individual – rather than city institutions or businesses – as the drivers of development resulting from ICT maturity. Governments follow by adapting to citizens’ changing behavior, while businesses primarily adopt ICT innovations to increase internal efficiency. More importantly, government decisions help steer the business sector’s ICT development. Therefore, changes in policy, regulation and planning, paired with research and support for taking risks and funding, are some of the key factors for driving progress. These factors are crucial in helping organizations of all sizes to connect, collaborate and compete more effectively."
This document discusses challenges facing infrastructure investment and management in Australian cities. It notes that public investment in infrastructure is declining while private investment is increasing. This puts pressure on infrastructure as the costs of projects rise due to factors like urban density, environmental regulations, and competition for resources. The document calls for an integrated approach between different levels of government for infrastructure planning and benchmarking to improve prioritization, incentives, governance, and performance of infrastructure over the long term.
This document provides a case study report submitted by 4 students on the topic of powering green ICT and smartphones. It includes a title page with their names and academic details, a table of contents, and sections on acknowledgements, abstract, introduction, definitions of ICT, reasons for green ICT, components of ICT, real access to ICT, and the evolution of the ICT model. The case study examines issues around energy consumption from ICT devices and strategies to make ICT more environmentally sustainable.
A five-step-plan for a low carbon urban developmentEricsson France
This document presents a five-step plan for developing low carbon cities through the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). The plan focuses on reducing direct emissions within cities, reducing embedded emissions from imported goods, and exporting low carbon solutions to help reduce global emissions. ICT solutions can deliver transformative reductions of 50% or more by replacing unsustainable practices with virtual alternatives that have 90-99% lower emissions. Studies show ICT could reduce global emissions by over 15% by 2020 and more with further innovation.
Conference Discussion Brief - Green ICT: Sustainablility for the 21st CenturyShane Mitchell
Green ICT aims to address the environmental impact of information and communications technology and how it can enable more sustainable cities. The document discusses how ICT is both an environmental problem due to its energy usage but also enables environmental benefits. It proposes that cities need a common framework to track data, metrics and solutions to factor ICT into their long-term sustainability plans and policies.
Ericsson Mobility Report, November 2015 - ICT and the low carbon economyEricsson
The November 2015 edition of the Mobility Report provides updated trends and forecasts for mobile data traffic. From the addition of 87 million new mobile broadband subscriptions in Q3 2015 to the estimate that video will account for 70 percent of total mobile traffic by 2021.
Smart city planning in the era of post COVID-19Junyoung Choi
The document discusses smart city planning in South Korea in the era of post-COVID 19. It provides an overview of Korea's response to COVID-19, what constitutes a smart city in Korea, how smart city systems and technologies supported Korea's COVID-19 response, and considerations for smart city planning in the future post-pandemic. Some key points include how COVID-19 tracking systems leveraged existing smart city data hubs; concerns about public surveillance during outbreaks; the potential impacts of COVID-19 on urban planning like increased suburbanization and demand for alternate transport. The document also outlines approaches for data-driven, socially distant smart city planning going forward.
Gordon Falconer - Sustainable Success Case StudyShane Mitchell
The document discusses strategies for creating smart, connected, and sustainable cities. It advocates for a holistic approach that addresses smart and connected buildings/homes, urban mobility, energy, and work to foster environmental, social, and economic benefits like continuous job growth and an enhanced quality of life. Challenges include institutional barriers, regulatory issues, silos between entities, and developing a clear business case. Successful case studies involved robust public-private partnerships with a clear vision, manageable pilots, strong execution, and collaboration across disciplines from top-down leadership and bottom-up implementation.
This document discusses smart gigabit communities, which are public-private partnerships that create connected ecosystems of innovative applications and services in communities with high-speed internet access. The goals of smart gigabit communities include economic development, civic resilience, supporting the internet of things and smart cities, and advancing areas like healthcare, education, public safety, transportation, clean energy, and manufacturing. Key aspects of smart gigabit communities include local carriers providing high-speed internet access, a local network interchange to keep traffic local, and smart city "brain" servers to dynamically allocate applications and services.
Digital and green transformation and ec pptSoren Gigler
The document discusses enabling the digital and green transformation in Europe. It outlines how digital technologies like AI, blockchain, and IoT provide opportunities to enhance sustainability. However, innovations need to move from labs to markets, and cleantech startups face financing challenges. The European Commission aims to keep ICT carbon emissions under 5% by 2030 through initiatives like climate-neutral datacenters and electronics. A new European Green Digital Coalition will measure digital technologies' environmental impacts and promote cross-sector green guidelines. The Commission also plans a Digital Clean Tech Investment Initiative to address underfunding of green startups.
The document discusses smart cities and smart ICT. It describes the Center for E-Governance at Danube University Krems and their research projects related to government processes, stakeholders, and ICT. Their projects include work with the City of Vienna on open government and open data, and with the Austrian Chancellery on e-democracy, open government data standards, and the workplace of the future.
This report analyzes the role of information and communications technologies (ICT) in enabling reductions
in greenhouse gas emissions to combat climate change. It finds that ICT's own emissions are expected to
increase to 1.43 GtCO2 by 2020, but that ICT solutions can enable reductions of up to 7.8 GtCO2, or 15% of
global emissions. Key opportunities for ICT-enabled emissions savings include optimizing motor systems,
implementing smart logistics and transport, making buildings more efficient, and optimizing electricity grids.
The report estimates the economic value of these ICT-enabled emissions reductions at over €600 billion.
Business and Sustainable Development - The Green Race is OnMichael Soron
1) The document discusses the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), a coalition of 200 global companies focused on sustainable development.
2) It outlines key global challenges like population growth, urbanization, and income inequality and their implications for sustainable development.
3) It describes WBCSD initiatives and projects focused on issues like energy and climate change, water, buildings, and sustainable value chains to help drive transition to a sustainable society and economy.
Connected and Sustainable Mobility WhitepaperShane Mitchell
Urban mobility problems are rapidly turning into an urban mobility crisis.
ICT offers enormous capabilities, but most are vastly underutilized in urban transportation.
Public- and private-sector organizations must partner in adopting a vision for the sustainable city of the future where transportation continues to play a key role in enabling mobility—yet is dramatically transformed by innovative ICT.
Citris smarter planet ict and service 20110505 v1ISSIP
The document discusses how information and communication technologies (ICT) and service innovation can work together to build a smarter planet. It describes ICT growth and challenges related to sustainability. It also discusses the growth of the service economy and challenges related to jobs and skills sustainability. The document advocates that a smarter planet is needed to address issues like environmental sustainability, public sector fiscal challenges, and ensuring jobs and skills sustainability through regional innovation ecosystems and lifelong learning.
The third edition of the Smart City Expo World Congress brought together over 9,000 participants from 300 cities on five continents to discuss challenges facing cities and potential solutions. The three-day event featured presentations from over 320 speakers on topics like energy, mobility, governance, technology and innovation. It also included an exhibition area for 160 companies to showcase innovative smart city projects and technologies. The Congress provided a forum for public and private sector representatives to network, share knowledge and explore new business opportunities in the growing market for intelligent urban technologies.
The document discusses challenges and priorities for construction R&D&I in Europe, including: 1) Developing smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth as outlined by the European Commission; 2) Addressing priorities like energy efficient buildings, future infrastructure networks, and a growing aging society; 3) The European Construction Technology Platform brings together over 230 organizations to develop new strategies and collaborate on innovation.
PlaceEXPO: Place Tech: David Hardman, UK Science Park AssociationPlace North West
This document discusses the evolution of science parks and innovation ecologies in a digital world. It notes that while science parks originally aggregated companies in compact geographic areas, innovation ecologies are now intrinsically dynamic and subject to rapid change. Successful clusters now grow organically from entrepreneurs fostering innovation, rather than top-down government investment. The future of innovation involves smaller, connected real estate spaces that are digitally enhanced and part of integrated, urban locations stimulating collaboration across sectors. Innovation will be driven by connected communities attracted to places, rather than places themselves.
Enterprise-level Green ICT Using virtualization to balance energy economicsIJARIDEA Journal
Abstract— The computing industry has been a significant contributor to global warming ever since its
inception. Performance maximization per unit has cost remained the prime focus of academic and industrial
research alike, ignoring environmental impacts in the process if any. However, the infamous global energy
crisis has inevitably pushed power and energy management up the priority list of computing design and
management activities for purely economic reasons today. Green IT lays emphasis on including the
dimensions of environmental sustainability, the offsets of energy efficiency, and the total cost of
disposal and recycling. A green computing initiative must be adaptive and flexible enough to be
able to address problems that keep on increasing in size and complexity with time. Cloud computing concepts
can invariably be applied to reduce e-waste generation. The service oriented architecture lends itself to
incorporating green computing as a process rather than a product. Re-usability, extensibility and flexibility
are some of the key characteristics which are inherent to the cloud and directly help address the vertical
specific challenges to reducing energy consumption in the long run.
Keywords— Cloud computing, Electronic waste, Green Information Technology, Service oriented architecture.
This document discusses smart city investment and economics. It covers key areas of investment for smart cities, including land, power, water, highway/road connectivity, and fuel pipelines. It then discusses various economic models related to local economic development, including prehistoric, conventional linear, pre-industrial, and technopoles models. It also covers principles of competitiveness in new urban economies and the relationship between urbanization, cities, and economic growth.
CityNext is a Microsoft initiative to help cities harness new innovations by transforming operations and infrastructure, engaging citizens and businesses, and accelerating innovation and opportunity. It addresses the challenges of rapid urbanization including outdated infrastructure, increasing demands for services, and the need to remain economically competitive. Microsoft works with a vast ecosystem of partners offering enterprise-grade solutions on the Microsoft platform to meet the unique needs of cities. The goal is to help cities grow their economies, embrace new technologies and data, and provide a more sustainable future for citizens.
From Smart Building to Smart City
Mr. Henry Yu, CEO, Kalloc Studios Asia Limited
HKIBIM-CIC BIM Conference 2015
Date: 19-Nov-2015 (Thu)
Time: 9:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.
Venue: Theatre 2, Level 1, Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Wan Chai, Hong Kong
Organizers:
The Hong Kong Institute of Building Information Modelling (HKIBIM)
http://www.hkibim.org
Co-organizer:
The Construction Industry Council
http://www.hkcic.org
The HKIBIM - CIC BIM Conference 2015 is the 6th Annual Conference organized by the Hong Kong Institute of Building Information Modelling (HKIBIM). It is the premier annual event for experienced AEC professionals to demonstrate the practical use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) processes using real cases. The speakers will illustrate lessons learned in practical projects so that others can improve their efficient use of BIM and advance practical knowledge.
Electronic communications as smart city enablers pptAbhishek G
This document discusses electronic communications as enablers of smart cities. It proposes models of smart city functional components and characteristics of connected smart objects to analyze connectivity requirements. The paper focuses on communication and networking needs, and examines the relationship between electronic communications regulation and implementing smart city concepts. Specific topics covered include the Internet of Things, spectrum allocation, numbering, privacy, and standardization issues related to smart cities.
This document discusses the environmental impacts of information and communication technologies (ICT). It notes that ICT has both first order effects through infrastructure/equipment usage and production, as well as second and third order effects through enabling other industries and behaviors. Specifically, it outlines how ICT contributes to resource consumption, energy usage, and electronic waste generation. It then provides statistics on the carbon footprint and energy consumption of data centers, servers, and individual devices. The document recommends ways to green ICT through more efficient software, virtualization, reuse of hardware, and open source solutions. Overall, it analyzes the sustainability challenges posed by rising ICT usage and outlines approaches to mitigate environmental impacts across the technology's lifecycle.
Connecting Cities: Achieving Sustainability Through InnovationShane Mitchell
This document provides an overview of the Connected Urban Development program, which aims to help cities reduce carbon emissions and improve energy efficiency through innovation and the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). The program involves pilot projects in three cities - San Francisco, Amsterdam, and Seoul. It is based on the principles that ICT can both directly and indirectly contribute to energy usage and reduction. Deploying broadband applications across areas like transportation, buildings, energy and work can improve efficiencies. An integrated ICT infrastructure coupled with innovative services and policies can enable transformative changes to urban planning and development.
Commission Européenne, présentations de la Délégation générale Société de l’Information à la délégation d’Aquitains conduite par AEC, 30 janvier 2012: villes vertes intelligentes
Ericsson Mobility Report, November 2015 - ICT and the low carbon economyEricsson
The November 2015 edition of the Mobility Report provides updated trends and forecasts for mobile data traffic. From the addition of 87 million new mobile broadband subscriptions in Q3 2015 to the estimate that video will account for 70 percent of total mobile traffic by 2021.
Smart city planning in the era of post COVID-19Junyoung Choi
The document discusses smart city planning in South Korea in the era of post-COVID 19. It provides an overview of Korea's response to COVID-19, what constitutes a smart city in Korea, how smart city systems and technologies supported Korea's COVID-19 response, and considerations for smart city planning in the future post-pandemic. Some key points include how COVID-19 tracking systems leveraged existing smart city data hubs; concerns about public surveillance during outbreaks; the potential impacts of COVID-19 on urban planning like increased suburbanization and demand for alternate transport. The document also outlines approaches for data-driven, socially distant smart city planning going forward.
Gordon Falconer - Sustainable Success Case StudyShane Mitchell
The document discusses strategies for creating smart, connected, and sustainable cities. It advocates for a holistic approach that addresses smart and connected buildings/homes, urban mobility, energy, and work to foster environmental, social, and economic benefits like continuous job growth and an enhanced quality of life. Challenges include institutional barriers, regulatory issues, silos between entities, and developing a clear business case. Successful case studies involved robust public-private partnerships with a clear vision, manageable pilots, strong execution, and collaboration across disciplines from top-down leadership and bottom-up implementation.
This document discusses smart gigabit communities, which are public-private partnerships that create connected ecosystems of innovative applications and services in communities with high-speed internet access. The goals of smart gigabit communities include economic development, civic resilience, supporting the internet of things and smart cities, and advancing areas like healthcare, education, public safety, transportation, clean energy, and manufacturing. Key aspects of smart gigabit communities include local carriers providing high-speed internet access, a local network interchange to keep traffic local, and smart city "brain" servers to dynamically allocate applications and services.
Digital and green transformation and ec pptSoren Gigler
The document discusses enabling the digital and green transformation in Europe. It outlines how digital technologies like AI, blockchain, and IoT provide opportunities to enhance sustainability. However, innovations need to move from labs to markets, and cleantech startups face financing challenges. The European Commission aims to keep ICT carbon emissions under 5% by 2030 through initiatives like climate-neutral datacenters and electronics. A new European Green Digital Coalition will measure digital technologies' environmental impacts and promote cross-sector green guidelines. The Commission also plans a Digital Clean Tech Investment Initiative to address underfunding of green startups.
The document discusses smart cities and smart ICT. It describes the Center for E-Governance at Danube University Krems and their research projects related to government processes, stakeholders, and ICT. Their projects include work with the City of Vienna on open government and open data, and with the Austrian Chancellery on e-democracy, open government data standards, and the workplace of the future.
This report analyzes the role of information and communications technologies (ICT) in enabling reductions
in greenhouse gas emissions to combat climate change. It finds that ICT's own emissions are expected to
increase to 1.43 GtCO2 by 2020, but that ICT solutions can enable reductions of up to 7.8 GtCO2, or 15% of
global emissions. Key opportunities for ICT-enabled emissions savings include optimizing motor systems,
implementing smart logistics and transport, making buildings more efficient, and optimizing electricity grids.
The report estimates the economic value of these ICT-enabled emissions reductions at over €600 billion.
Business and Sustainable Development - The Green Race is OnMichael Soron
1) The document discusses the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), a coalition of 200 global companies focused on sustainable development.
2) It outlines key global challenges like population growth, urbanization, and income inequality and their implications for sustainable development.
3) It describes WBCSD initiatives and projects focused on issues like energy and climate change, water, buildings, and sustainable value chains to help drive transition to a sustainable society and economy.
Connected and Sustainable Mobility WhitepaperShane Mitchell
Urban mobility problems are rapidly turning into an urban mobility crisis.
ICT offers enormous capabilities, but most are vastly underutilized in urban transportation.
Public- and private-sector organizations must partner in adopting a vision for the sustainable city of the future where transportation continues to play a key role in enabling mobility—yet is dramatically transformed by innovative ICT.
Citris smarter planet ict and service 20110505 v1ISSIP
The document discusses how information and communication technologies (ICT) and service innovation can work together to build a smarter planet. It describes ICT growth and challenges related to sustainability. It also discusses the growth of the service economy and challenges related to jobs and skills sustainability. The document advocates that a smarter planet is needed to address issues like environmental sustainability, public sector fiscal challenges, and ensuring jobs and skills sustainability through regional innovation ecosystems and lifelong learning.
The third edition of the Smart City Expo World Congress brought together over 9,000 participants from 300 cities on five continents to discuss challenges facing cities and potential solutions. The three-day event featured presentations from over 320 speakers on topics like energy, mobility, governance, technology and innovation. It also included an exhibition area for 160 companies to showcase innovative smart city projects and technologies. The Congress provided a forum for public and private sector representatives to network, share knowledge and explore new business opportunities in the growing market for intelligent urban technologies.
The document discusses challenges and priorities for construction R&D&I in Europe, including: 1) Developing smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth as outlined by the European Commission; 2) Addressing priorities like energy efficient buildings, future infrastructure networks, and a growing aging society; 3) The European Construction Technology Platform brings together over 230 organizations to develop new strategies and collaborate on innovation.
PlaceEXPO: Place Tech: David Hardman, UK Science Park AssociationPlace North West
This document discusses the evolution of science parks and innovation ecologies in a digital world. It notes that while science parks originally aggregated companies in compact geographic areas, innovation ecologies are now intrinsically dynamic and subject to rapid change. Successful clusters now grow organically from entrepreneurs fostering innovation, rather than top-down government investment. The future of innovation involves smaller, connected real estate spaces that are digitally enhanced and part of integrated, urban locations stimulating collaboration across sectors. Innovation will be driven by connected communities attracted to places, rather than places themselves.
Enterprise-level Green ICT Using virtualization to balance energy economicsIJARIDEA Journal
Abstract— The computing industry has been a significant contributor to global warming ever since its
inception. Performance maximization per unit has cost remained the prime focus of academic and industrial
research alike, ignoring environmental impacts in the process if any. However, the infamous global energy
crisis has inevitably pushed power and energy management up the priority list of computing design and
management activities for purely economic reasons today. Green IT lays emphasis on including the
dimensions of environmental sustainability, the offsets of energy efficiency, and the total cost of
disposal and recycling. A green computing initiative must be adaptive and flexible enough to be
able to address problems that keep on increasing in size and complexity with time. Cloud computing concepts
can invariably be applied to reduce e-waste generation. The service oriented architecture lends itself to
incorporating green computing as a process rather than a product. Re-usability, extensibility and flexibility
are some of the key characteristics which are inherent to the cloud and directly help address the vertical
specific challenges to reducing energy consumption in the long run.
Keywords— Cloud computing, Electronic waste, Green Information Technology, Service oriented architecture.
This document discusses smart city investment and economics. It covers key areas of investment for smart cities, including land, power, water, highway/road connectivity, and fuel pipelines. It then discusses various economic models related to local economic development, including prehistoric, conventional linear, pre-industrial, and technopoles models. It also covers principles of competitiveness in new urban economies and the relationship between urbanization, cities, and economic growth.
CityNext is a Microsoft initiative to help cities harness new innovations by transforming operations and infrastructure, engaging citizens and businesses, and accelerating innovation and opportunity. It addresses the challenges of rapid urbanization including outdated infrastructure, increasing demands for services, and the need to remain economically competitive. Microsoft works with a vast ecosystem of partners offering enterprise-grade solutions on the Microsoft platform to meet the unique needs of cities. The goal is to help cities grow their economies, embrace new technologies and data, and provide a more sustainable future for citizens.
From Smart Building to Smart City
Mr. Henry Yu, CEO, Kalloc Studios Asia Limited
HKIBIM-CIC BIM Conference 2015
Date: 19-Nov-2015 (Thu)
Time: 9:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.
Venue: Theatre 2, Level 1, Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Wan Chai, Hong Kong
Organizers:
The Hong Kong Institute of Building Information Modelling (HKIBIM)
http://www.hkibim.org
Co-organizer:
The Construction Industry Council
http://www.hkcic.org
The HKIBIM - CIC BIM Conference 2015 is the 6th Annual Conference organized by the Hong Kong Institute of Building Information Modelling (HKIBIM). It is the premier annual event for experienced AEC professionals to demonstrate the practical use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) processes using real cases. The speakers will illustrate lessons learned in practical projects so that others can improve their efficient use of BIM and advance practical knowledge.
Electronic communications as smart city enablers pptAbhishek G
This document discusses electronic communications as enablers of smart cities. It proposes models of smart city functional components and characteristics of connected smart objects to analyze connectivity requirements. The paper focuses on communication and networking needs, and examines the relationship between electronic communications regulation and implementing smart city concepts. Specific topics covered include the Internet of Things, spectrum allocation, numbering, privacy, and standardization issues related to smart cities.
This document discusses the environmental impacts of information and communication technologies (ICT). It notes that ICT has both first order effects through infrastructure/equipment usage and production, as well as second and third order effects through enabling other industries and behaviors. Specifically, it outlines how ICT contributes to resource consumption, energy usage, and electronic waste generation. It then provides statistics on the carbon footprint and energy consumption of data centers, servers, and individual devices. The document recommends ways to green ICT through more efficient software, virtualization, reuse of hardware, and open source solutions. Overall, it analyzes the sustainability challenges posed by rising ICT usage and outlines approaches to mitigate environmental impacts across the technology's lifecycle.
Connecting Cities: Achieving Sustainability Through InnovationShane Mitchell
This document provides an overview of the Connected Urban Development program, which aims to help cities reduce carbon emissions and improve energy efficiency through innovation and the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). The program involves pilot projects in three cities - San Francisco, Amsterdam, and Seoul. It is based on the principles that ICT can both directly and indirectly contribute to energy usage and reduction. Deploying broadband applications across areas like transportation, buildings, energy and work can improve efficiencies. An integrated ICT infrastructure coupled with innovative services and policies can enable transformative changes to urban planning and development.
Commission Européenne, présentations de la Délégation générale Société de l’Information à la délégation d’Aquitains conduite par AEC, 30 janvier 2012: villes vertes intelligentes
Towards a Joined-up Smart Cities Vision and Strategy for Europe - Data DaysSarahBuelens
DG Connect aims to transform Europe's cities by making public services more convenient through technology, making cities more responsive to citizens, and providing information to improve decision making, all while achieving environmental sustainability and economic viability. The document outlines several principles and use cases for smart cities, including optimizing existing infrastructure, ensuring interoperability and open data standards, and creating scalable and secure technology solutions. It also lists several DG Connect activities and portfolios that focus on areas like open data, cloud systems, broadband access, smart energy and mobility initiatives, and using cities as test beds for innovative internet-enabled services.
The Role of ICT in Carbon Management & FinanceAndrew Mitchell
The document introduces the Edinburgh Centre on Climate Change (ECCC), a partnership between three universities in Edinburgh, Scotland. The ECCC aims to bring together experts from different sectors to help deliver a low carbon economy. It will have both a virtual information hub and a physical space. The ECCC focuses on areas like renewable energy, carbon capture and storage, and the role of information and communication technologies in carbon management and finance.
The document introduces the Edinburgh Centre on Climate Change (ECCC), a partnership between three universities in Edinburgh, Scotland. The ECCC aims to bring together experts from different sectors to help deliver a low carbon economy. It will have both a virtual information hub and a physical space. The ECCC focuses on areas like renewable energy, carbon capture and storage, and the role of information and communication technologies in carbon management and finance.
Urban EcoMap provides urban communities with relevant data regarding the primary GHG contributors—transportation, waste, and energy. Building awareness, fostering a sense of community connection and responsibility, and providing actions for citizens to take will enable the reduction of GHG in cities. In addition, it will support decision-making for policymakers and business organizations, as well as for urban design, development and operations, and the research of urban, earth, and social scientists.
Begun in fall 2008, the pilot project is a collaborative effort involving Cisco IBSG—the global strategic consulting arm of Cisco—and San Francisco’s Department of the Environment (SF Environment). The organizations are jointly applying an urban services platform approach toward which visionary cities and the ICT industry are moving.
Urban EcoMap is a landmark innovation and a key element of the Connected Urban Development program’s Connected and Sustainable Cities framework. San Francisco is the first city worldwide to launch Urban EcoMap, introduced on May 21st 2009.
Advancing NAPs after Paris: ICT sector contributionNAP Events
The session will address the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in climate change adaptation. Through presentation of key concepts and practical examples, the session will look at: how processes in various applications can be optimized and adapted according to changing climate conditions through internet of things (IoT); application of ICTs in food production systems and disaster risk reduction.
Advancing NAPs after Paris: ICT sector contributionNAP Events
Presented by: Luis Neves
7.3 Information and Communication Technologies in adaptation
The session will address the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in climate change adaptation. Through presentation of key concepts and practical examples, the session will look at: how processes in various applications can be optimized and adapted according to changing climate conditions through internet of things (IoT); application of ICTs in food production systems and disaster risk reduction.
- The document discusses the 2009 Green ICT Initiative which aims to use information and communication technologies (ICT) to reduce global warming through research and development partnerships between Quebec universities and industry.
- It notes that ICT industries currently contribute significantly to global CO2 emissions but that ICT also has great potential to help reduce emissions in other sectors through applications like telecommuting, smart grids, and more efficient data centers.
- The initiative proposes to develop a distributed Canadian initiative focused on R&D and commercialization of green ICT technologies and applications, including renewable energy networks, zero-carbon networks, and exploring carbon trading systems.
This presentation focuses on the role breakthrough digital technologies, such as AI, blockchain and IoT can play for climate action and sustainble development. It also addresses the urgent need to enhance the sustainability of the ICT sector. The digital transformation approach is based on a people-centered approach that puts people instead of technologies first
the report addresses energy related issues for smart cities, including energy infrastructure, on-site energy production, transport, economy, sustainability, housing, living and governance, including incentives and barriers influencing smart energy for smart cities.
This document discusses smart cities and provides details about a case study on Aurangabad, India's proposed smart city projects. It begins with definitions of smart cities and their goals, including using technology to improve services and engage citizens. It then outlines Aurangabad's specific smart city proposals, which include adequate water supply, electricity, sanitation, transportation, and other objectives. Two projects are described in more detail: a rainwater harvesting system and solid waste management through waste treatment. The document provides context and technical details about implementing these two smart city projects in Aurangabad.
Digital as an enabler for climate actionSoren Gigler
Digital innovations are key enablers for climate action and sustainability. the presentation provides an overview of the EU's program on the digital and green transformation and provides recommendations on how to leverage the power of digital innovations to address the challenges of climate change.
The document discusses definitions and perspectives on smart cities from different sectors such as technology, research, environment, and government. It defines a smart city as one that uses technology and data to enhance quality of life, save money, and improve decision making. The document also examines challenges facing cities like aging infrastructure, economic changes, and budget cuts. It identifies technology, infrastructure, governance, collaboration, and engaged citizens as key success factors for smart cities. People are seen as central to driving and sustaining changes enabled by smart city initiatives.
Open innovation for Digital and green transformationSoren Gigler
This presentation provide an overview about EU program to support the digital and green transformation, including the European Green Digital Coalition, the Digital and Green Transformation Declaration by EU Member States and the European Parliament-supported pilot program.
ICT and Climate Change Beijing 22nd April2011Andrew Mitchell
The document discusses the challenges of climate change and the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in addressing these challenges. It outlines three key roles for ICT: 1) Reducing the carbon footprint of the ICT industry itself; 2) Using informatics to analyze and understand climate change; and 3) Enabling efficiency through applications like dematerialization, smart motor systems, logistics, buildings, and grids. The document also notes that while ICT has potential to help, the industry must show urgency and commitment to deliver on reducing emissions.
The UN explains: Investments in infrastructure – transport, irrigation, energy and information and communication technology – are crucial to achieving sustainable development and empowering communities in many countries. It has long been recognized that growth in productivity and incomes, and improvements in health and education outcomes require investment in infrastructure. How the world is doing, metrics defined to measure success span from road access for rural populations, Passenger and freight volumes, manufacturing value-added as a proportion of GDP and per capita and others, what do the metrics say about ongoing projects, what is needed to run project that improves one or more of the established metrics?
Agenda:
To be discussed with subject-matter experts
1. What is a sustainable infrastructure?
2. What do we mean by "sustainable infrastructure for climate change resilience"?
3. In what consists a "sustainable energy infrastructure"?
4. How to secure the critical sustainable infrastructure?
5. What is the process of digital transformation of sustainable infrastructure?
6. How does financing sustainable infrastructure work?
7. Are there best practices in sustainable infrastructure development projects?
Smart Cities and ICT - An assessment framework for Smart City ICT architectureHakan Demirel
There are many definitions of a <Smart City>, and almost all identify ICT as the key enabler. But, what are the characteristics of a smart city, and what is the role of ICT in enabling those characteristics? Moreover, how ICT maturity can be assessed in a smart city context?
The slides give a brief on smart city concepts, elaborate on the role of ICT in smart city enablement and also introduce an EA framework to assess ICT maturity of smart cities.
Similar to Connected and Sustainable ICT Infrastructure Whitepaper (20)
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Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
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5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
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Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
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What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
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Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
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4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
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5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
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6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
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7. What is Prometheus?
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8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
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9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Connected and Sustainable ICT Infrastructure Whitepaper
1. White Paper
Connected and Sustainable ICT Infrastructure
Written specifically for
Connected Urban Development
Global Conference 2008—Amsterdam
Author
Wolfgang Wagener
Cisco Internet Business Solutions Group
2.
3. White Paper
Connected and Sustainable ICT Infrastructure
About Connected Urban Development
Connected Urban Development (CUD) is a public-private partnership program focused
on innovative use of information and communications technology (ICT) to make
knowledge, people, traffic, and energy flow more efficiently. This increased efficiency
enhances how people experience urban life, streamlines the management of cities, and
decreases the urban environmental footprint.
The program’s main success elements are:
• Measuring CO2 emissions reduction resulting from operational implementation
of CUD projects within cities
• Demonstrating the positive impact of ICT and broadband connectivity on climate
change
• Developing relevant thought leadership and replicable methodologies allowing CUD
partner cities to learn from each other and share their experiences and best practices
with cities around the world
The initial scope of the program includes five primary areas of focus:
• Connected and Sustainable Work
• Connected and Sustainable Mobility
• Connected and Sustainable Energy
• Connected and Sustainable Buildings
• Connected and Sustainable ICT Infrastructure
Context
In the policies and plans for sustainability and eco-responsibility in cities, much atten-
tion has been directed to three sectors: the built environment, energy, and mobility.
At the beginning of the 21st century, it became obvious that a fourth, equally important
element must be addressed: ICT. When it comes to city sustainability, ICT is part of the
problem (based on its contribution to the overall eco-footprint), but more important, ICT
is an even bigger element of the solution. A recent study found that ICT is a significant
contributor to energy efficiency: for every extra kilowatt-hour of electricity demanded
by ICT, the U.S. economy increases its overall energy savings by a factor of 10.1 To
manage ICT effectively, cities need a common framework for data and performance,
and a set of solutions for urban sustainability.
1. nformation and Communication Technologies: the Power of Productivity, How ICT Sectors Are Transforming the Economy
“I
While Driving Gains in Energy Productivity,” American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, February 2008.
1
4. White Paper
ICT Enablement of Sustainable Cities
ICT products, systems, and networks are the essential drivers of productivity improve-
ments and innovation for the 21st century. They will enable sustainability solutions in
all networks of urban life: buildings, energy production and use, mobility, water and
sewage, open spaces, education, and public health and safety. ICT innovation is also a
catalyst for changes in personal, work, and community life that create completely new
urban environments. In addition, ICT will become a fundamental requirement for sus-
tainable economic development.
ICT’s Environmental Footprint in Cities
ICT products and systems are a significant and rapidly growing part of the environmental
footprint of modern urban life. They are resource-intensive when it comes to manufac-
turing and distribution, consuming great amounts of energy while in use, and producing
escalating volumes of solid and toxic waste. ICT products may also have negative effects
on individual and societal health as they are produced, used, and discarded.
Connected and Sustainable ICT Master Planning
Until now, little attention has been given to measuring the eco-footprint of ICT in cities
or to clearly understanding its role in enabling other sustainability initiatives. Because
ICT systems and products are literally everywhere in modern life, it is difficult to see
and understand that each device is part of a whole system—globally linked networks
that create, manipulate, store, move, and provide information to humans and machines.
To manage the ICT environmental footprint successfully and realize the benefits of
enabling sustainability, a city must have a vision and strategy for ICT that encompasses
all organizations and constituencies.
Key Principles
When considering Connected and Sustainable ICT strategies for cities, seven key points
must be addressed, spanning both the mitigation of ICT’s own environmental footprint
and the positive impact ICT can have in promoting sustainable cities.
1. ICT is a vital and necessary tool for sustainable social and economic development
in 21st-century cities.
Access to global networks and ICT resources is a requirement for individual and com-
munity success in the information age. Some governments see ICT-driven development
programs as “a key enabler in addressing social exclusion,” and envision creating “a
replicable neighborhood model that uses ICT to deliver a step-change reduction in net
emissions for all communities.” ICT also is both a requirement for and driver of continu-
ous innovation essential to competing successfully in the global economy. With proper
focus, planning, and policies, cities can become centers of ICT-enabled innovation for
sustainable growth.
2
5. White Paper
2. ICT must be integrated into planning, designing, and developing urban land
and buildings to increase use of space and reduce demand for travel.
Real-world experience demonstrates that new ICT-enabled workplace designs in the
public and private sectors can intensify usage of building space by 40 percent to 60
percent.2 For example, the U.K. government campaign Working Without Walls aims to
create “better environments using new technology…to improve the delivery of public
services”3 and reduce impact from buildings. ICT-enabled developments of mixed-use,
walkable, and sustainable neighborhoods can improve the environmental performance
of cities significantly. Realizing these benefits on a broad scale, however, requires major
changes in financing, creating, and managing the built environment.
3. ICT innovation shows great potential for energy efficiency and climate
protection in cities.
Studies in various countries, generally supported by or associated with telecom
companies, suggest broad potential for ICT to cut energy use and carbon emissions.
One U.S. study projects that changes enabled by broadband networks could save
the “equivalent of 11 percent of U.S. oil imports through transportation substitution
and dematerialization. ” 4
An Australian study on a high-bandwidth and low-carbon future describes seven
opportunities that could reduce national carbon emissions by 5 percent.5 A recent
study supported by the United States Department of Energy demonstrates significant
results from smart-grid technologies to monitor and adjust home energy consumption,
reducing average household consumption by 10 percent. By consumers proactively
managing home energy use in this way, peak loads on utility grids could be reduced
by up to 15 percent annually.6 The RAC Foundation in the United Kingdom estimates
that “through the use of ICT, there is potential within 10 years for a 15 percent reduction
in commuter travel, an 18 percent reduction in heavy freight, and a 10 percent
reduction in shopping by car.”7 Many good ideas for how ICT can support innovation for
sustainability have been suggested, but most benefits remain unrealized.
4. The creation and use of ICT affects the health of individuals and society.
The electronics industry is one of the world’s largest manufacturing sectors, with social,
economic, and ecological impacts across the planet. The manufacture of ICT compo-
nents and products has been associated with land, water, and air pollution. While in use,
ICT equipment has been shown to contribute to indoor air pollution. In both developed
and developing societies, the gap between the rich and poor for access to ICT resources
is perceived to be a significant social problem.
2. ffice Design Case Study: How Cisco Designed the Collaborative Connected Work Environment,”
“O
Cisco (http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ciscoitatwork/case_studies/real_estate_dl2.html).
3. http://www.ogc.gov.uk/government_relocation_transforming_workspace
4. roadband Services: Economic and Environmental Benefits,” Joseph P. Fuhr, Jr. and Stephen B. Pociask, The American Consumer Institute, October 31, 2007.
“B
5. owards a High-bandwidth, Low-carbon Future: Telecommunications-based Opportunities to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions,” Climate Risk Pty Limited
“T
(Australia), 2007.
6. epartment of Energy Putting Power in the Hands of Consumers through Technology,” Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, January 2008
“D
(http://www.pnl.gov/topstory.asp?id=285).
7. CT as a Mode of Transport: A Review of Information and Communication Technology to Achieve Transport Policy Goals,” Forum for the Future,
“I
September 2006.
3
6. White Paper
5. ICT has significant environmental effects beyond direct energy use and
greenhouse gas emissions.
Compared to cars and appliances, ICT components and products require relatively
large amounts of materials and energy for their manufacture and distribution. Sixty-
five percent to 80 percent of a PC’s lifecycle carbon footprint and energy consump-
tion occurs during manufacturing, according to estimates.8 Product resources include
substantial quantities of water, plastics, chemicals, gases, and metals. ICT products also
have a short lifecycle compared to most other manufactured goods. Few ICT products
are designed for upgrade, disassembly, or reuse; only a small percentage are recycled
at end of life. In the United States, discarded electronic waste (e-waste) represents only
2 percent of total municipal waste by weight, but accounts for 70 percent of the heavy
metals and 40 percent of the lead in landfills.9 Although toxic e-waste is banned from
ordinary solid-waste disposal systems in many places, most e-waste from developed
countries ends up as unmanaged trash in developing countries. ICT products also drive
demand for other products that have substantial eco-footprints, such as white paper,
building cable and wire, and packaging.
6. Major cities must have a comprehensive and systematic analysis of energy
consumption and greenhouse gas emissions attributable to ICT. ICT represents
a significant portion of the total.
Global carbon emissions for ICT as an industry are estimated at 2 percent to 2.5 percent
of world totals. This number would be as high as 14 percent if indirect energy use were
included.10 Estimates of total electricity consumption by ICT range from 3 percent to
10 percent in the United States and Europe;11 consumption growth rates for ICT have
been 10 percent to 20 percent per year since 2000.12 Estimates of ICT-driven electricity
usage in commercial office buildings are 20 percent to 40 percent of the total. ICT-
based electricity consumption may be as high as 65 percent of total electricity used by
buildings that have efficient lighting, heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning, along with
a high density of ICT equipment.13 Large cities with a high concentration of knowledge
workers, office buildings, and ICT are likely to find that ICT energy use is significantly
higher than national averages.
18. Computers and the Environment: Understanding and Managing Their Impacts, Ruediger Kuehr, Eric Williams, Springer Publishing, 2003.
19. High-Tech Trash: Digital Devices, Hidden Toxics, and Human Health, Elizabeth Grossman, Island Press, 2006.
10. artner Estimates ICT Industry Accounts for 2 Percent of Global CO2 Emissions,” Gartner, Inc., 2007.
“G
“ CTs and Climate Change,” ITU-T Technology Watch Briefing Report, No. 3, November 2007.
I
11. lectricity Used by Office Equipment and Network Equipment in the U.S.: Detailed Report and Appendices,” Kaoru Kawamoto,
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Jonathan G. Koomey, et al., Energy Analysis Department, Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Ernest Orlando Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, February 2001.
“ nergy Consumption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Germany up to 2010,” Project Number 28/01,
E
Summary of the Final Report to the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and
Innovation Research ISI, Centre for Energy Policy and Economics, Karlsruhe/Zurich, January 2003.
“ n Inefficient Truth,” Global Action Plan, London, United Kingdom, December 2007.
A
12. PA Report on Server and Data Center Energy Efficiency,” United States Environmental Protection Agency, ENERGY STAR Program, August 2, 2007.
“E
“ ackling the IT Footprint,” Bob Crooks, Department of Environment, Rural Affairs, and Fisheries, London, United Kingdom, November 27, 2007.
T
13. alifornia Commercial End-Use Survey,” Itron, Inc., for the California Energy Commission, Consultant Report, CEC-400-2006-005, March 2006.
“C
“ anaging Energy Use: Minimising Office Equipment and Air-conditioning Costs,” United Kingdom Department of the Environment,
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Good Practice Guide 118, 1996.
“ est Practice Guide for Commercial Office Buildings,” Flex Your Power, California Energy Commission
B
(http://www.fypower.org/bpg/index.html?b=offices).
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7. ICT needs a common framework for data and performance metrics, and a set
of solutions for urban sustainability.
Viewed systemically, ICT’s environmental footprint is large and growing rapidly. ICT
also has significant potential as an enabler of new solutions to environmental challenges
related to mobility, energy, buildings, and land use, as well as driving sustainable
economic development. No comprehensive system, however, exists for assessing,
managing, and employing ICT to achieve sustainability goals.
Solutions
Awareness and leadership are necessary preconditions for creating an effective
Connected and Sustainable ICT initiative. Political and technical leaders in local
government must recognize and understand the critical role of ICT in creating
sustainable 21st-century cities. Education among senior leaders is crucial for ICT to
be viewed as a distinct and pervasive element of policy, planning, and management in
every aspect of urban life. Once awareness is established, building an initiative based
on the seven basic principles outlined above will require active, visible, and ongoing
leadership from the top.
In considering and creating a Connected and Sustainable ICT initiative, cities should
begin by reviewing the environmental and sustainability goals that have already been
set—for example, reduction targets for greenhouse gas emissions, energy efficiency,
and renewable-source supplies; reduction goals and requirements for waste; and
existing procurement standards relevant to ICT. A review enables leaders to see how
ICT can support or hinder the achievement of pre-established goals.
Managing the Eco-Footprint of Government ICT Operations
In keeping with the lead-by-example principle, creating a program for city operations is
the first step cities must take toward reducing their ICT eco-footprint and realizing the
benefits of ICT-enabled innovation. To start, cities must create a valid and comprehensive
data set to assess impacts, set action priorities, and measure success.
Data Collection
Cities are making efforts to create programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Going forward, a Connected and Sustainable ICT initiative must start with a baseline
measurement to determine which ICT systems each city owns and uses in its operations
and its eco-footprint. While the basic concept for taking inventory and collecting data
is simple, executing the process is not. ICT equipment, unlike other government assets
such as buildings or bridges, is hard to track because it is relatively small, mobile, and
distributed. Therefore, it can be picked up and moved, thrown away, misplaced, or stolen.
Taking a physical inventory of the equipment is one approach to collecting data. This
approach, however, is labor-intensive, slow, and intrusive, which means generally it is fea-
sible only for a sampling exercise to collect a preliminary baseline. Even a modest sample
can provide data to quickly evaluate the validity of a claim or calculation on data collected
by other means, or as a way to create “order-of-magnitude” estimates.
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A second approach is to rely on inventory or asset lists maintained by the government or
vendors; in most municipal governments (and in most private enterprises for that matter),
however, ICT inventory records are neither complete nor current. Record-keeping
systems are frequently widely distributed across an organization. Many elements of
ICT systems are small, and some systems are not highly valued. Because of the rapid
spread of client-server computing over the last 25 years, few cities developed robust
asset tracking systems for ICT equipment. Consequently, data from purchasing records
or inventory lists generally is not easy to obtain and does not provide an accurate or
complete picture of a city’s ICT portfolio.
A third approach is to use automated tools to identify all of the equipment linked to city
networks. Specialized software can be acquired for this purpose, or systems in place
for other purposes (for example, network security) may have this capability. Generally,
however, automated processes can identify only equipment on a certain type of system
or subsystem (data network or telephone system, for instance), and many older ICT
systems are not interconnected in a way that allows for automated data collection across
platforms. Furthermore, some ICT equipment is not connected to a network at all. Even
with a high level of automated data acquisition, some manual assembly of data from
disparate systems is necessary.
Definitions and boundaries are major issues cities face in collecting data to measure ICT’s
eco-footprint. ICT is no longer divided neatly among telephones, computers, copiers, and
audiovisual equipment. Today, visual communication is the fastest-growing part of ICT.
“Computers” are embedded in many types of devices. Furthermore, we are seeing rapid
convergence—new devices that merge, or meld, multiple and traditional information and
communications functions to provide entirely new capabilities.
Most studies of ICT eco-footprints use definitions that are narrow, traditional, and do not
adequately recognize the nature of today’s wired world and the pervasiveness of ICT.
They also frequently ignore the direct physical support infrastructures used by ICT such
as cabling, power supplies, cooling, and fire suppression systems. Indirect effects, such
as the consumption of space in buildings, are another area frequently overlooked in
assessing the overall eco-footprint of ICT. For any green ICT project, a city must decide
what will be included when measuring its ICT eco-footprint.
Environmentally Responsible ICT Management
Establishing a standard and expectation that environmental effects will be a consideration
in every decision about ICT system design, procurement, and operations is the first, and
most critical, step in developing the tools and processes necessary to manage ICT’s
eco-footprint. Until recently, in most places, no consideration was given to environmental
effects or eco-efficiency in decisions about ICT.
For example, energy efficiency has not been a design criterion or management
objective for data centers. System purchases do not include formal consideration of
true lifecycle costs, use of toxic materials, carbon footprints, possible human health
effects, or end-of-life responsibilities. With few exceptions, performance criteria for new
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systems do not include measurements of work produced per unit of energy consumed
or targets for efficiency improvements over time.
Instead, design and purchase decisions tend to be based on three factors: system
performance, personal preferences of ICT practitioners, and lowest purchase price.
Revising processes to ensure that environmental criteria are included, and actually
considered, requires consistent and concerted effort over time. It also requires the
cooperation of at least three groups—purchasing managers, environmental experts,
and ICT technical managers—to create an integrated process that meets operational,
financial, procedural, and environmental requirements.
ICT for City Operations
The notion that ICT is central to all functions of government is not recognized, accepted,
or understood by many leaders and managers in local government. Other profes-
sional disciplines that contribute to the development of cities—such as lawyers, civil
engineers, architects, educators, and urban planners—have a long history and clearly
established roles in urban government. In a “sustainable information society,” however,
how well a city performs in developing and managing ICT will greatly affect economic
and social development, as well as protection of the natural environment.
Developing knowledge and awareness of the role of ICT in urban life for all leaders and
managers in local government must be an explicit goal of a Connected and Sustainable
ICT initiative. A reasonable degree of technical literacy, as well as reliable data, is neces-
sary for making intelligent decisions about transportation systems, energy generation and
distribution, traffic management, healthcare policy, land use planning, building design,
school system management, and a host of other basic city services. It is also important for
cities to develop a cadre of technology managers who have specific “industry knowledge”
about the needs and operating practices of specific government functions.
Building on a base of cross-functional knowledge, an initiative that realizes the sustain-
ability benefits of ICT innovation must include the development of new linkages and pro-
cesses across separate departments to enable new solutions. For example, a telework-
ing initiative aimed at reducing the amount of commuter traffic caused by government
employees must have the proper technology in place to begin, but will need input and
cooperation from the human resources, legal, and finance departments (at a minimum)
to be launched. To be successful, supervisors, managers, and employees must support
a teleworking program. If the program’s aim is to reduce a city’s use of office space, other
groups such as architects and facilities managers will be key players.
While the technology is readily available to support teleworking programs that deliver
financial, environmental, and quality-of-life benefits, few cities have the organizational
capability to coordinate simultaneous changes in all the different areas that must be
involved to be successful. ICT does not respect traditional organizational or geographic
boundaries. In a wired world, developing new approaches to cross-functional coopera-
tion and collaboration will be a major challenge for local government.
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Impacts
Managing the eco-footprint and realizing the sustainability benefits of ICT require
recognition of the central role of ICT in 21st-century urban life. ICT is the dominant force
for social and economic transformation around the world. Although the role of ICT in
driving and enabling change has been broadly recognized, it frequently has been viewed
within city government as either a highly technical issue best left to the “experts” or a
“utility” that is important but not “strategic.” Until recently, linking ICT to the development
of a sustainable information society also has been largely ignored.14 As this becomes
clear, cities must incorporate the reality of ICT and a global networked society into every
policy and program.
There are many benefits of a systematic Connected and Sustainable ICT initiative
to cities. The first is financial: a coherent program that manages a city’s ICT systems
efficiently will reduce both investment and operating costs for city operations. In
many cities, ICT systems are purchased, owned, and managed by various internal
government departments, with minimal central planning or control. Currently, many
private sector enterprises around the world are creating consolidation, simplification,
and ICT outsourcing programs and operations to reduce cost and improve performance.
Similar initiatives in cities could pay big financial dividends. Changes to operations that
reduce energy consumption, extend equipment life, decrease the quantity of equipment
purchased, and reduce the amount of waste produced have direct environmental benefits
as well, at no additional cost. Efficient acquisition and management of ICT systems clearly
is a win-win situation—both financially and environmentally.
Integrating ICT into other aspects of city operations is also a clear winner for both city
finances and the natural environment. In every urban area, local government is one of the
largest employers. City workers take up a significant portion of nondomestic buildings
and form a large part of daily commuter traffic. The role of commuter traffic and buildings
in city eco-footprints is well documented. Adopting new work practices and workplace
designs for city workers is an important step in reducing rising real estate costs and the
environmental impacts of buildings and automobile traffic.
The next benefit of a green ICT initiative will come from influencing other major
stakeholders outside city government: citizens and private enterprises. The adoption
of new ICT-enabled strategies for efficiency and structural innovation across all parts
of the urban community can produce not only substantial direct benefits for individuals
and companies, but also greater benefits to the whole community through “network
effects.” Networked technologies can produce nonlinear benefits beyond the simple
mathematics of growth in the number of connections.15 Financial, environmental,
and quality-of-life benefits, too, will grow exponentially for everyone when a broader
spectrum of participants in the urban community adopts new behaviors.
14. Progress in Industrial Ecology: An International Journal, Dr. Auli Keskinen, guest editor, Vol. 2, Issues 3/4, 2005.
15. etcalfe’s Law (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metcalfe%27s_law).
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While the potential benefits of a green ICT initiative are obvious, so are the outcomes
of failing to develop a comprehensive and systematic program around “greening” ICT.
Cities and other local government bodies that have made specific commitments to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions rapidly are almost universally failing to meet those
targets. The eco-footprint of ICT systems are significant enough that if cities expect to
reach the goals they have set for achieving energy-efficient, carbon-neutral, zero-waste,
and nontoxic places to live, they must have a specific agenda for addressing ICT for
government operations and all other segments of the community. ICT also must be an
explicit element of every policy and program if urban areas are to support two other
pillars of sustainability—being socially inclusive and economically vibrant. Unless ICT
becomes a visible and integral part of every forward-looking activity, cities have no hope
of meeting their goals, much less becoming truly sustainable in the information age.
A city that can set an example by managing and using ICT effectively to demonstrate
the power of innovation for urban sustainability can lead and inspire the rest of the com-
munity to follow. A successful city program will show why and what can be done. With
experience and a proven track record, local government can also be more effective in
creating legislative programs, mandates, or regulations that apply to private enterprises
and citizens.
Making the connection between ICT and a truly sustainable future can help cities
justify and build support for other projects such as redevelopment plans, educational
programs, and municipal broadband or wireless networks. Successful development of
ICT infrastructures, both physical and organizational, can in turn advance other important
sustainability goals. A policy paper on work/life balance and the status of women in the
workforce identified teleworking as one of the most important enablers of improved
quality of life for women.16 In this case, the right ICT infrastructure and a coordinated
policy for change across many city government groups can improve the economic status
of women and promote social inclusion and a healthier family life, while reducing the
environmental effects of automobile travel and office buildings.
16. ork-Life Policies and Practices Survey Report,” Ann Lehman and Jennifer Mitchell, Department on the Status of Women,
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City and County of San Francisco, 2001 (http://www.sfgov.org/site/dosw_page.asp?id=66182).
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Implementation
A Connected and Sustainable ICT initiative must build on three basic tenets:
1. nsuring the development of fundamental, physical, and organizational infrastructures
E
2. mploying integrated planning techniques and creating systemic solutions
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3. Leading by example in government operations
Physical and Organizational Infrastructure
Many cities have already recognized the need for ICT infrastructure to be competitive in
a networked global economy. Businesses cannot effectively operate where reliable high-
speed communications networks and associated technical support infrastructure are
not available. Individual citizens are rapidly coming to the same conclusion. Cities have
responded in some places with publicly financed wired and wireless broadband infra-
structure projects. This paper does not debate the question of who should own and oper-
ate networks. It is clear based on our research that local governments have a legitimate
interest in ensuring that basic services are generally available and reasonably affordable.
Where cities have generally been less active is in providing for the organizational infra-
structures required for managing and coordinating ICT systems, both within city govern-
ment and for the community at large. While many cities have powerful and visible transit
authority boards and regional transit planning agencies, for example, few have equivalent
organizations for ICT infrastructures. This reality became apparent during the attacks on
the World Trade Center in New York City on September 11, 2001, when the lack of a com-
mon communications system hampered emergency first-response units. Since then, the
United States has launched efforts to create standardized emergency-service communi-
cations networks in urban areas, but virtually nothing has been done to address the issue
of standards for essential nonemergency ICT infrastructures and services.
Integrated Planning Techniques and Systemic Solutions
For at least half a century, most major cities have had a telecommunications department
to manage voice communications. Data processing entered the picture in the 1960s,
evolving into the information services (IS) or IT departments of today. Most large public
and private organizations have now merged telecom and IT into a single organization (at
least on paper), recognizing that ICT must be integrated. The technology developments
of the last 20 years, however, continue to outpace most organizational structures. Cities
now own and manage a long list of ICT systems that go far beyond telephone and
computing devices. Today, there are radio and television stations, copper and fiber-
optic networks, wireless networks and communications devices, building-management
systems, security surveillance systems, traffic monitoring and management systems,
utility control networks, electronic voting systems, and more—all of which are rapidly
converging onto common technology platforms. We are evolving into a “network of
things” in which virtually every electronic device will have the ability to communicate
over a network. Cities must radically improve management systems to keep up.
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Not only have the types of ICT systems proliferated, they also have become an integral
part of everything that happens in a city. Buildings cannot operate and workers cannot
perform their jobs if ICT systems do not work. Health and public safety personnel can-
not deliver services and transit systems cannot operate without built-in ICT systems.
The management and design of ICT systems is no longer something that can be viewed
as a separate activity unrelated to traditional disciplines such as architects, urban and
transportation planners, and healthcare professionals. To create planning and manage-
ment processes that deliver eco-efficient and innovative solutions for sustainable cities,
new, integrated processes must be created that look at things once considered to be
separate (such as buildings and ICT systems) as complete systems.
Leading by Example
Cities have adopted many policies that affect citizens and organizations outside
local government in their efforts to build for a sustainable future. The success of a
Connected and Sustainable ICT initiative relies on city governments’ ability to lead by
example, adopting the techniques necessary for ecologically responsible ICT design
and management. They also must adopt innovations that can produce benefits in other
areas such as workplace design, transportation, and buildings.
A lead-by-example approach is necessary for two reasons:
The first is “credibility.” There is relatively minimal knowledge and awareness of the role
ICT plays in sustainable development. Furthermore, ICT systems are complex, distrib-
uted, and rapidly evolving, which makes effective regulation of any kind difficult to create
and enforce. If cities cannot use their own experiences to demonstrate the importance of
ICT for citizens and public sector organizations, there is little likelihood that other stake-
holders will pay attention or take action except where they see a direct and short-term
financial benefit.
The second reason is “goals.” If cities do not create comprehensive and systematic
green ICT initiatives, they will not achieve their public goals. If local governments that
have been outspoken leaders on ecological responsibility and sustainability cannot
meet their objectives, it is unlikely that other stakeholders will meet their goals.
Conclusion
Sustainability for cities, and the entire planet, is a concept without a precise, universally
acknowledged definition. One of the most common definitions is the one created by
the Brundtland Commission that says sustainable development “meets the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.”17 Most formulations for how sustainability can be achieved include the idea of
three “interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars” of sustainable development:
economic development, social development, and environmental protection, according
to the Commission.
17. eport of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future,” Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex
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to document A/42/427 “Development and International Cooperation: Environment”, NGO Committee on Education, August 2, 1987.
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Many cities are supporting, and in some cases financing, municipally owned broadband
and wireless networks and view these investments as analogous to investments in
the other basic elements of shared, public urban infrastructure—roads, water supply,
sewage, and waste removal systems—and essential to economic development. There
is no question that reliable and ubiquitous high-speed communications networks are
essential to the economic health of modern cities.
For leading-edge cities, ICT is no longer just a tool for promoting social inclusion and
economic development; it is the tool for social and economic development, as well
as for environmental protection. They see ICT as “critical in tackling climate change,
acting as a key enabler in addressing social exclusion,” and a fundamental requirement
for economic competitiveness.18 In this role, ICT supports the three “pillars” and truly
becomes the enabling technology for sustainable cities of the 21st century.
18. igital Innovation & Green Sustainability,” Dave Carter, Manchester Digital Development Agency, 2008.
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