Congo virus alert
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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a viral disease transmitted by ticks that feed on infected animals. It was first identified separately in Crimea in 1944 and Congo in 1956 before the virus was recognized as the same pathogen. The document warns of increased risk of the disease during Eid-ul-Azha celebrations in Pakistan, as it can spread through tick bites or contact with infected blood or body fluids of humans. Initial symptoms include fever, muscle aches and headaches. Hospital staff are also at higher risk of infection when treating patients with the disease. The document provides safety tips such as wearing protective clothing, applying insect repellent, showering after exposure and frequent hand washing.
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Plague is a bacterial disease caused by Yersinia pestis that primarily affects rodents. It can be transmitted to humans via flea bites. In humans, it typically manifests as bubonic, septicemic, or pneumonic plague depending on how the bacteria enter the body. Bubonic plague causes swollen lymph nodes, while pneumonic plague is a severe form that causes pneumonia and can spread from person to person. Treatment involves antibiotics such as streptomycin or gentamicin. Prevention focuses on flea control and avoiding contact with infected animals.
Influenza A H1 N1 Mexa
The novel H1N1 virus has spread globally since March 2009. It is a new subtype of influenza A virus containing genes of swine, avian, and human influenza viruses. Symptoms are similar to seasonal flu but it can potentially lead to pneumonia or respiratory failure. Transmission is mainly through airborne droplets from coughing/sneezing or surfaces. Treatment involves antiviral drugs but self-medication should be avoided. Prevention focuses on handwashing, covering coughs/sneezes, and limiting contact with infected individuals. Governments are monitoring the spread, procuring medical supplies and raising public awareness.
Common human disease1 2
The document defines and provides examples of important disease terms including communicable and non-communicable diseases. It then summarizes several common communicable diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, helminths, and fungi including their symptoms, modes of transmission, prevention and treatment methods. Examples of non-communicable diseases and genetic disorders are also briefly discussed.
swine Flu Influenza Pptx
Hello friends i am BSc Nursing intern.This presentation of mine covers almost each and every aspect related to swine flu.Hope it will help you to increase your knowledge regarding the topic.Looking forward to your feedback.Thank you
Myths & facts about swine flu
MYTHS & FACTS ABOUT SWINE FLU
As the cases of swine flu
re-surfacing across the Country,
it is important to demolish
myths about the disease and
adopt the right ways to deal
with its threat.
Pandemics
The document discusses several pandemics throughout history including AIDS, COVID-19, and the Black Plague. It defines a pandemic as an epidemic that affects more than one continent through community transmission. It describes how AIDS is caused by HIV and can be transmitted through various bodily fluids. It outlines that COVID-19 originated in Wuhan, China and has led to over 300 million infections globally. The Black Plague occurred in the late Middle Ages, killed approximately 200 million people, and was transmitted by fleas carrying the Yersinia pestis bacteria.
Smallpox
Smallpox is a deadly infectious disease caused by the variola virus that was declared eradicated worldwide in 1980 through a global vaccination program. It is characterized by a high fever and distinctive skin rash. While two labs currently house samples of the virus, concerns remain that it could be used in a bioterrorism attack given some countries may still have undeclared stockpiles. The only known effective prevention is vaccination with the vaccinia vaccine within a few days of exposure, though supplies are currently insufficient for a large-scale outbreak.
Bioterror Slide Show
The document discusses various biological agents that could potentially be used for bioterrorism attacks, including their characteristics, history of use, and indications of an attack. It summarizes information on anthrax, smallpox, botulism, plague, tularemia, viral hemorrhagic fevers, and their potential use as bioweapons based on lethality, routes of infection, and other factors. It also outlines some of the historical uses of biological weapons dating back to the 14th century and efforts taken to prevent bioterrorism.
smallpox
This document is a student's outline for a presentation on smallpox. It includes an introduction stating smallpox is a deadly disease caused by the variola virus. It then outlines the causes of smallpox, the different types of smallpox (Variola major and minor), signs and symptoms (fever, rash), diagnosis methods (throat swab, skin sample), treatments (isolation, quarantine), and prevention primarily through vaccination. The last naturally occurring case was in 1977 and WHO declared it eradicated in 1980.
Communicable diseases
Communicable diseases can be transmitted from one person to another through various means such as respiratory droplets, contact with contaminated surfaces, food/water, sexual contact, bites from infected arthropods. The document categorizes and provides details on various communicable diseases including respiratory infections (tuberculosis, chickenpox, measles, influenza), arthropod-borne (malaria, plague), surface infections (rabies, leprosy), intestinal infections (cholera, typhoid), and sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, HIV/AIDS). Prevention strategies outlined include vaccination, proper hygiene and sanitation, early detection and treatment, and avoiding contact with infected individuals and vectors.
Communicable Disease
A communicable disease is an infectious disease that is transmitted from one person or animal to another directly or indirectly. Communicable diseases can be transmitted through various modes such as direct contact, droplet infection, contaminated vehicles like food or water, vectors like mosquitoes, and from mother to fetus. Common examples of communicable diseases include respiratory infections like tuberculosis, measles, and influenza; gastrointestinal infections spread through fecal-oral transmission like cholera and typhoid; and vector-borne diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and arthropods.
Small pox.pdf
The document provides an overview of smallpox, including its history, epidemiology, symptoms, treatment, prevention, diagnosis, vaccine development, mortality rates, and ultimate eradication. Smallpox is an infectious disease caused by the variola virus that was a major killer worldwide until it was declared eradicated in 1980 after a global vaccination campaign. Key points include that smallpox only infects humans, has an incubation period of 10-14 days, spreads via respiratory droplets, causes a rash of pustules over the body, and had no treatment other than supportive care.
(PREVENTION OF COVID 19).pptx
The document provides information on preventing the spread of COVID-19. It details how the virus originated and spreads mainly through respiratory droplets when people cough, sneeze or talk. Surface transmission is also possible if someone touches a contaminated surface. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and include fever, cough and difficulty breathing. To prevent spread, people should wash hands regularly, maintain social distancing, avoid large gatherings, stay home if sick and disinfect surfaces. Suspected cases should be isolated and health care workers should take precautions like wearing facemasks and limiting close contact with infected individuals.
Monkeypox virus.docx
Monkeypox is a viral disease that occurs in humans and some animals. It is caused by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the same family of viruses as smallpox. Monkeypox most commonly spreads through direct contact with infected animals or humans. Initial symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes. Within a few days, a rash develops on the face and spreads to other parts of the body. While monkeypox is generally mild, it can cause severe illness and has a fatality rate of around 1 in 10 people in parts of Africa. There are vaccines and treatments available to prevent and treat monkeypox infections.
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More from Robin Patras
OutdoorElectricalSafety.pdf
Have a professional trim tree branches that could fall on power lines. Use a wooden or fiberglass ladder outside and keep it at least 10 feet from power lines. If a power line falls, stay away and call authorities right away as the line may still be live. When using outdoor power tools and lights, make sure they are intended for outdoor use and check for underground utilities by calling 811 before digging to prevent injuries or damage.
Electrical_Safety_Tips.pdf
The document provides safety tips for electrical safety in the home. It advises having all electrical work done by a qualified electrician. It recommends using GFCIs to reduce shock risks, especially in bathrooms, kitchens, and outdoors. GFCIs and AFCIs should be tested monthly according to manufacturer instructions. Extension cords should only be used temporarily and appliances should be plugged directly into wall outlets.
Creating a security culture 4
Everyone in the organisation contributes to its security culture. Organizational culture has a direct impact on security. Even with the best security processes and tools, your organization will still be at risk if people have a poor attitude toward security.
Risk based approach
Your organization's unique context and potential threats determine which physical security measures you need.When you take a risk-based approach, you can ensure your physical security measures are right for your organisation.
Mandatory requirements for physical security 2
The document outlines 4 mandatory requirements for physical security in organizations:
1) Understand what needs to be protected, including assets, risks, and business impacts.
2) Design security measures based on the risks, ensuring layers of security and alignment with health and safety standards.
3) Validate that security measures have been correctly implemented and are effective for the organization's risks.
4) Continuously update security based on evolving threats, maintaining measures, providing training, and analyzing new risks.
An introduction to physical security
This section has information and tools to help your organization set up effective physical security measures to protect your people, information, and assets.
Fire prevention & use of fire extinguishers
This document outlines an agenda and objectives for a fire prevention and fire extinguisher training. The training will help participants develop an awareness of common fire causes, adopt safe practices, and know what to do in case of a fire. Participants will learn to identify fire hazards and risks, assess fire risks, and follow proper emergency procedures. Hands-on practice with fire extinguishers is included. Requirements for the training include a conference room, demonstration extinguishers, and first aid supplies. The overall aim is to minimize fire risks through education.
Five common reasons for the road accident
Road accidents are unfortunately very common in Pakistan. While some are relatively minor, thousands of lives are taken every year by horrible car crashes. Because your life can be at risk if you drive in an unsafe manner, it is so important to drive carefully and follow all traffic laws.
Security awareness by robin
This document provides information about security awareness and bank robberies in Karachi, Pakistan. It discusses the dynamics and history of Karachi. It then summarizes bank robbery statistics from 2013 to 2015, showing a decline after a military operation started. The document outlines the typical stages of a bank robbery: surveillance, assault during the robbery, and actions to take afterwards. It provides tips for being aware of potential surveillance and staying safe during and after a robbery, such as complying with demands to avoid escalating violence and notifying authorities as soon as possible.
Untold story of karachi
The document discusses street crimes in Karachi, Pakistan. It provides data on different types of street crimes such as snatching of vehicles, phones, and other valuables that occurred between January and October 2016. It notes that Karachi is one of the most violent cities in the world and that street crimes like target killing, extortion, robberies and other petty crimes affect every citizen. The document also lists factors that contribute to criminal behavior and provides tips to stay safe and avoid being targeted by criminals.
Security presentation
The document provides security tips for traveling safely. It recommends being mentally and physically prepared, knowing alternate routes, and being aware of potential trouble spots. It also suggests sharing information with others, listening to traffic reports, keeping a level head, and trying to escape dangerous situations. Additional tips include keeping your vehicle fueled, dressing modestly, and carrying essential items like water and a change of shoes. It advises seeking help if needed, avoiding confrontation, and using common sense when dealing with dangerous crowds or situations.
Defensive drivers training
This document was prepared by Robin Patras and consists of their name repeated on multiple lines without any other text or context provided. Robin Patras prepared this brief document.
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Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Top Travel Vaccinations in Manchester
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Hiranandani Hospital Powai News [Read Now].pdf
Hiranandani Hospital in Powai, Mumbai, is a premier healthcare institution that has been serving the community with exceptional medical care since its establishment. As a part of the renowned Hiranandani Group, the hospital is committed to delivering world-class healthcare services across a wide range of specialties, including kidney transplantation. With its state-of-the-art facilities, advanced medical technology, and a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Hiranandani Hospital has earned a reputation as a trusted name in the healthcare industry. The hospital's patient-centric approach, coupled with its focus on innovation and excellence, ensures that patients receive the highest standard of care in a compassionate and supportive environment.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
NARCOTICS- POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR ITS USE
This document outlines policies and procedures for handling narcotic and controlled drugs in NABH accredited hospitals.
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
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We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
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Congo virus alert
- 1. ADVISORY ON CRIMEAN CONGO HEMORRHAGIC VIRUS Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever transmitted by ticks. It can be responsible for severe outbreaks in humans but it is not pathogenic for ruminants, their amplifying host. The disease was first described in the Crimea in 1944 and given the name Crimean hemorrhagic fever. In 1969 it was recognized that the pathogen causing Crimean hemorrhagic fever was the same as that responsible for an illness identified in 1956 in the Congo, and linkage of the two place names resulted in the current name for the disease and the virus. Given the serious threat posed to public health this Eid-ul -Azha on account of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) that has so far claimed many lives in Pakistan, we must be extra vigillant to protect ourselves from this potentially fatal infection. The only way to reduce risk of getting infected is to reduce the exposure to the virus. This virus transmitted to humans through bite of ticks that have fed on an infected animal or through blood or tissues immediately or after slaughtering. Once a human is affected, the infection spreads to other people if they come in contact with the patient’s infected blood or body fluids. Then initial symptoms includes high fever with muscle aches, back aches and headache, these symptoms usually develop about 1 to 3 days after exposure. Infection could also spread in hospitals during injections and surgical procedures. Hospital staff that treat patients with CCHF are at a higher risk for developing the infection. • Wear long sleeves clothing and shoes with socks, when you are in the market to buy or caring for sacrificial animal. • Apply insect repellent to exposed parts of the body • Take shower, once you are back home before joining your family using any antiseptic products like Dettol or any other product available. • If possible cover your nose and mouth during initial minutes of Qurbani. • Try to keep your hands clean by using water or hand sanitizer frequently. HAVE A SAFE AND BLESSED EID