Quarintable disease

1. Quarantinable
infectious

2. Cholera
Diphtheria
Infectious tuberculosis
Plague
Smallpox
Yellow fever
Viral hemorrhagic fevers
Severe acute respiratory syndromes
Flu that can cause a pandemic
Measles
Influenza
Parainfluenza
Ebola
Meningitis

3. Mode of
transmission
Modes of transmission
An infectious agent may be transmitted from its natural reservoir to a susceptible host
in different ways. There are different classifications for modes of transmission. Here is
one classification:
Direct
Direct contact
Droplet spread
Indirect
Airborne
Vehicleborne
Vectorborne (mechanical or biologic)

4. In direct transmission, an infectious agent is transferred from a reservoir to a
susceptible host by direct contact or droplet spread.
Direct contact occurs through skin-to-skin contact, kissing, and sexual intercourse.
Direct contact also refers to contact with soil or vegetation harboring infectious
organisms. Thus, infectious mononucleosis (“kissing disease”) and gonorrhea are
spread from person to person by direct contact. Hookworm is spread by direct contact
with contaminated soil.
Droplet spread refers to spray with relatively large, short-range aerosols produced by
sneezing, coughing, or even talking. Droplet spread is classified as direct because
transmission is by direct spray over a few feet, before the droplets fall to the ground.
Pertussis and meningococcal infection are examples of diseases transmitted from an
infectious patient to a susceptible host by droplet spread.
Indirect transmission refers to the transfer of an infectious agent from a reservoir to a
host by suspended air particles, inanimate objects (vehicles), or animate
intermediaries (vectors).

5. Airborne transmission occurs when infectious agents are carried by dust or droplet
nuclei suspended in air. Airborne dust includes material that has settled on surfaces and
become resuspended by air currents as well as infectious particles blown from the soil
by the wind. Droplet nuclei are dried residue of less than 5 microns in size. In contrast
to droplets that fall to the ground within a few feet, droplet nuclei may remain
suspended in the air for long periods of time and may be blown over great distances.
Measles, for example, has occurred in children who came into a physician’s office after
a child with measles had left, because the measles virus remained suspended in the
air.(46)
Vehicles that may indirectly transmit an infectious agent include food, water, biologic
products (blood), and fomites (inanimate objects such as handkerchiefs, bedding, or
surgical scalpels). A vehicle may passively carry a pathogen — as food or water may
carry hepatitis A virus. Alternatively, the vehicle may provide an environment in which
the agent grows, multiplies, or produces toxin — as improperly canned foods provide an
environment that supports production of botulinum toxin by Clostridium botulinum.
Vectors such as mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks may carry an infectious agent through
purely mechanical means or may support growth or changes in the agent. Examples of
mechanical transmission are flies carrying Shigella on their appendages and fleas
carrying Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, in their gut. In contrast, in
biologic transmission, the causative agent of malaria or guinea worm disease undergoes
maturation in an intermediate host before it can be transmitted to humans

6. Isolation & quarantine
• Isolation
-who are ill and suspected/confirmed to have
a
n
yinfection
• Quarantine
-Separation of individuals who are not yet ill but
have been exposed to any agentand therefore
have a potential to become ill.
-Quarantine is usually established for the
incubation period of the communicable disease.

7. Purpose of quarantine
• Separating contacts from community
• Monitoring contacts for development of signs
and symptoms
• Segregation of suspects, as early as possible
from among other quarantined persons.

8. Indications
• All the contacts, regardless of their risk of
exposure, shall be advised for quarantine.

9. Duration
It depends on the type of type of disease to which a person is
infected but quarantine period is generally remain between 4-6 days.

10. Testing
• A polymerase chain reaction for identification
of infection causing agent DNA,RNA.
• Fluorescent antibody test to detech microbe
protein.
• We can test antibody titer in some time for
diagnosis against specific microbe.
• ELISA test

11. Definition of contacts
• In a health care setting, a contact is a person that
is involved in any of the following-
• Providing direct care without proper personal
protective equipment(PPE).
• Staying in the same close environment of a
patient(including workplace)
• Travelling together in close proximity (1m)with a
symptomatic person who later tested poitive for
any infectious disease (such as porter and
ambulance workers).

12. High risk contact
• Touched body fluids of the patient(Respiratory tract secretions ,
blood , vomit , saliva ,urine , faeces )
• Had direct physical contact with the body of the patient including
physical examination without PPE.
• Exposure to an aerosol generating procedure to a patient without
PPE.
• PPE not removed or replaced according to guideline during the
patient interaction or exposure to an aerosol – generating
procedure.
• Touched or clean the linen , clothes or dishes of the patient
• Lives in the same household as the patient
• Anyone in close proximity (with in 3 feet)of the confirmed case
without precautions.

13. Low risk contact
• Shared the same space(worked in same room
and not having a high risk exposure to
confirmed or suspect case )

14. -Risk category

15. If Home quarantine for HCWs
• There shall be uninterrupted 24x7 supply of
food & water.
• He/she shall have a separate room with
attached toilet.
• The room ,used by the HCW , shall not be
shared by other family members.
• There shall be no sharing of utensils and linen
between the quarantined HCW and other
family members.

16. If Home quarantine for HCWs
• The HCW shall be able and agree to monitor
for symptoms( fever, cough, breathing
difficulty) twice daily.
• Discard all the disposable material in the
hospital.
• Remove shoes and maximum possible clothes
outside your house or in an isolated area at
home.

17. If Home quarantine for HCWs
• Keep bag packs and hospital stuff in a separate or in an
isolated area at home.
• Take bath immediately after entering the house.
• Change your remaining clothes and discard them in the
laundry for separate cleaning.
• Maintain the minimum distance of one meter(3 feet)
from other family members.
• Maintain standard hygiene practices and respiratory
etiquettes.
• Stay away from children and elderly family members.

18. Thanks