The document discusses the switch-case statement in computer programming. It explains that a switch-case statement selects for execution a statement from a list depending on the value of the switch expression. When one of the constants specified in a case label is equal to the expression, the corresponding statement is executed. If no case matches, either the default case is executed if present or control passes to the end of the switch statement. The document provides examples and best practices for using switch-case statements and includes exercises for readers to practice applying switch-case statements.