The document discusses various aspects of computer hardware, including input devices like keyboards and mice, display devices like monitors and screen resolution, different types of printers, and storage technologies. It compares hard drives, CDs/DVDs, and solid-state storage, explaining features like random versus sequential access, access time, data transfer rates, and storage capacities. The document provides an overview of key computer hardware components and how they work.

1. Computer Concepts - Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition UNIT B: Computer Hardware

2. Objectives Examine input devices Review display devices Compare printers Introduce storage technology Compare storage technologies Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

3. Objectives Explore hard drive technology Examine CDs and DVDs Review solid-state storage Expand your computer Talking Points: Why recycle computers? Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

4. Examining Input Devices Input devices - input information for computer to process Typical input devices Keyboard and pointing device (mouse) Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

5. Examining Input Devices Keyboards Most have a similar structure Can be found on PCs, handheld devices Keyboard includes keys or buttons with letters, numbers, and special words and characters Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

6. Examining Input Devices Desktop and notebook computer keyboards include Navigation keypad Home, End, arrow keys Used to move screen-based insertion point (cursor) Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

7. Examining Input Devices Mouse Pointing device which manipulates an on-screen pointer and other on-screen controls Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

8. Examining Input Devices Mouse options - Mechanical mouse Position based on movement of ball that rolls on pad Optical mouse Uses LED light and computer chip Laser mouse Uses laser as light source to track movement Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

9. Examining Input Devices Mouse dots per inch (dpi) Higher dpi more sensitive and accurate Mouse transmits signals one of two ways Wired or Wireless Most prefer optical or laser Durability Less maintenance Can be used on variety of surfaces Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

10. Examining Input Devices Other pointing devices Pointing stick or TrackPoint Touchpad or trackpad Trackball Joystick Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

11. Examining Input Devices Other input devices Touch screen technology Scanner Microphone Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

12. Reviewing Display Devices Computer display system Main output device Two key components Graphics card Display device such as monitor or screen Use one of three technologies CRT, LCD, plasma Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

13. Reviewing Display Devices CRT Monitor(cathode ray tube) used to be standard Big and bulky Not typically sold with new computers today Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

14. Reviewing Display Devices LCD (liquid crystal display) Produces image by manipulating light within layer of crystal cells Advantages include Display clarity Low radiation emission Portability and compactness Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

15. Reviewing Display Devices Plasma Creates on-screen image by illuminating miniature colored fluorescent lights arrayed in panel-like screen More expensive than LCD Used more for large screen venues Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

16. Reviewing Display Devices Graphics cards Contain graphics processing units (GPU) Circuitry generates signals for displaying image on screen Amount of available video memory Key to how fast screen updates when information is displayed Typically built into motherboard Sometimes available as small circuit board that plugs into motherboard Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

17. Reviewing Display Devices Graphics card - key to how images display on monitor Resolution Maximum number of horizontal and vertical pixels displayed on screen Pixel (picture element) single point or smallest unit in image Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

18. Reviewing Display Devices Comparing Screen Resolution Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

19. Reviewing Display Devices Screen size Measurement in inches from one corner of screen diagonally to opposite corner Typical monitor sizes 13” to 21” Larger screens exist Viewing angle width How far to side you can clearly see screen image Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

20. Reviewing Display Devices Dot pitch (dp) Measure of image clarity Smaller dp means crisper image Dot pitch - distance in millimeters between like-colored pixels Ranges from .26 mm to .23 mm Not customizable Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

21. Reviewing Display Devices Color depth or bit depth Number of colors monitor and graphics card can display Most PCs can display millions of colors Monitors can be used to watch television if proper circuitry is installed NTSC or HDTV circuitry Allows PC to accept signals from antenna or cable Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

22. Comparing Printers Printers Produce hard copy of computer-generated text or graphical images Paper, labels, transparencies Differ in resolution and speed Most printers use ink-jet or laser technologies Specialized applications Impact, solid ink, thermal transfer, dye sublimation Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

23. Comparing Printers Ink-jet printers Sprays ink onto paper to form characters and graphics Two ink cartridges: Black and color Small, lightweight, inexpensive Cartridges can be expensive and add to printing costs Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

24. Comparing Printers Laser printer Produces dots of light on light sensitive drum to produce characters and graphics Good high-volume, good quality printing More expensive than ink-jet Color laser printers more expensive than black-and-white Toner cartridges are expensive, produce more pages than ink-jet cartridges Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

25. Comparing Printers Photo printers Use thermal dye Slower output speeds than other printers Produce professional-quality images on specialized papers Cost of replacement cartridges should be considered Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

26. Comparing Printers Printer resolution Density of grid of dots that create image Measured in dpi (dots per inch) At reading distance, 900 dpi looks solid Good-quality printers are rated 2400 to 4800 dpi Magazine quality printouts are about 900 dpi Expensive coffee-table books are comparable to 2400 dpi or higher Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

27. Comparing Printers Pages per minute (ppm) Measurement of printer speed Color usually takes longer to print than black-and-white Text prints faster than heavy graphics Most printers for personal or small business print 15 to 30 ppm Memory capacity More memory needed to print color and graphics Laser printers: Between 64 MB and 120 MB Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

28. Comparing Printers Duplex printer Can print both sides of paper Duty cycle Proportion of time during which device is operated Usually measured in pages per month Higher duty cycle means shorter useful life Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

29. Comparing Printers Computer connected to network can share printer with other computers on network Network-enabled printer Connects directly to network, not single computer Network connection can be wired or wireless Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

30. Introducing Storage Technology Storage technology Data storage systems that allow electronic devices to store and retrieve data Data storage consists of storage medium and storage device Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

31. Introducing Storage Technology Storage medium Hard drive, tape, memory card, CD, DVD or other technology that holds data Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

32. Introducing Storage Technology Storage device Equipment that stores and retrieves data from storage medium Hard drives, card readers, tape drives, CD and DVD drives, flash drives, solid-state drives, Zip drives Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

33. Introducing Storage Technology Hard drive Computers come with internal hard drive Can’t be moved from one computer to another Provide fast data access Some storage devices are more dependable than others CDs, DVDs Flash drives and external hard drives Can be moved from computer to computer Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

34. Introducing Storage Technology RAM (random access memory) Temporary holding area for your work and programs needed to produce your work RAM - emptied when computer shuts off Data easily lost Store data on storage medium, not as likely to lose work Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

35. Introducing Storage Technology Drive bays Storage “parking spaces” In system unit case Used to connect storage devices to computer Internal or external When buying computer, find out: How many drive bays it has What storage devices can be connected Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

36. Introducing Storage Technology Drive bays Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

37. Comparing Storage Technologies Random vs. sequential access Random (direct) access Ability to jump directly to requested data Hard drive, solid-state drive, CD and DVD drives Sequential access Must read through data from beginning to end Tape drive Slower Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

38. Comparing Storage Technologies Access time Average time it takes computer to locate and read data Measured in milliseconds Data transfer rate Amount of data that can be moved from storage medium to computer per second Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

39. Comparing Storage Technologies Storage capacity Maximum amount of data that can be stored on storage medium Measured in kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB) Graphics need more storage capacity than text Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

40. Comparing Storage Technologies Magnetic storage Magnetizes microscopic particles on disk or tape surface Particle patterns are interpreted as 0s and 1s Provides flexibility for editing data and reusing storage medium Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

41. Comparing Storage Technologies Magnetic media No very durable Eventually loses magnetic field Damaged by magnetic fields, dust, mold, smoke, heat, mechanical problems Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

42. Comparing Storage Technologies Optical storage Stores data as light and dark spots on surface of disk Light patterns are interpreted as 1s and 0s Advantages: Portable Quite versatile Less susceptible to environmental damage Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

43. Comparing Storage Technologies Solid-state storage Stores data in nonvolatile, erasable, low-power chip Drive has no moving parts Very durable, portable, versatile Capacity does not currently match that of hard drives Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

44. Comparing Storage Technologies Why Versatility? Important working with other people and other computers Store data and share with others using same storage medium Why Durability? Determines ability of device or media to last so data remains accessible Important for traveling and carrying files Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

45. Exploring Hard Drive Technology Hard drives preferred type of main storage Three main reasons Storage capacity Fast access Economical 40 MG of storage costs about a penny Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

46. Exploring Hard Drive Technology Parts of hard drive One or more platters on spindle with associated read-write heads Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

47. Exploring Hard Drive Technology Hard drives found in wide variety of digital devices Physical size of hard drive varies depending on size of device Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

48. Exploring Hard Drive Technology Factors that determine how fast data can be made available Access time (measures in milliseconds) Rotation speed (measured in revolutions per minute) Hard drive platters with data are divided into tracks and sectors Cylinder Vertical stack of tracks Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

49. Exploring Hard Drive Technology Controller Circuit board that positions disk, locates data, and interfaces with components on system board Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition Hard drive showing Controller card

50. Exploring Hard Drive Technology Adding second hard drive increases storage, provides backup Data available on only one drive at a time Hard drives Not as durable as many other storage technologies Head crash can be caused by particles as small as piece of dust Handle and transport with care Always have backup copies of hard drive Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

51. Examining CDs and DVDs CDs and DVDs can be used to store data CD (compact disc) DVD (digital video disc or digital versatile disc) Three optical digital technologies Read-only (ROM) Recordable Rewritable Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

52. Examining CDs and DVDs CD-ROM Read-only technology CD-R Recordable technology CD-RW Rewritable technology Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

53. Examining CDs and DVDs DVD-R and DVD+R Recordable DVD formats DVD-RW and DVD+RW Rewritable formats Why so many? One standard has not emerged as industry leader Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

54. Examining CDs and DVDs Computer CD-ROM or DVD-ROM Discs cannot have data added, erased, or changed To record data one or more times Need recordable media (one time use) Rewritable (multiple session use) discs Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

55. Examining CDs and DVDs Good idea to have CD or DVD drive Create music CDs or DVDs CD drives can’t read DVDs Most DVDs can read DVDs or CDs Several types of CD and DVD drives Can be used for different purposes Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

56. Examining CDs and DVDs Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition CD or DVD Drive Capabilities

57. Examining CDs and DVDs Rewritable CD and DVD drives Not acceptable replacement for hard drive Saving, accessing, modifying data is much slower Capacity is inadequate when compared to hard drives Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

58. Examining CDs and DVDs CD and DVD drives use laser technology to read data Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

59. Examining CDs and DVDs Make your own CDs Need proper hardware, media CD-R or DVD-R Must put all data on disc in one session Rewritable technology Can record in multiple sessions Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

60. Examining CDs and DVDs Handling CDs and DVDs Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

61. Reviewing Solid-State Storage Solid-state storage Portable and durable Provides fast data access Uses very little power Used in consumer devices Digital cameras, MP3 players, notebooks, PDAs, cell phones Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

62. Reviewing Solid-State Storage Solid-state storage suitable for many needs Can hold hundreds of photos Store MP3 files Portable computing Data can be erased so card can be reused Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

63. Reviewing Solid-State Storage How does it work? Nonvolatile, erasable, low-power chip stores data Circuitry arranged in grid Each cell holding transistors that act as gates Open gates represent 1, closed represents 0 Chip retains data without external power Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

64. Reviewing Solid-State Storage Several types of solid-state memory cards CompactFlash cards (CF) MultiMedia cards (MMC) SecureDigital cards (SD) SmartMedia cards Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

65. Reviewing Solid-State Storage Card reader Transfers data to and from computer Can stand alone, or be part of system unit Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

66. Reviewing Solid-State Storage USB flash drive Portable storage device with built-in connector that plugs into USB port Small and durable Can be carried on key ring U3 drive or U3 smart drive Special USB flash drive preconfigured to play automatically when connected to computer Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

67. Expanding Your Computer Expanding Increase / improve capabilities of computer Add peripherals Scanners, mouse, cameras, graphics tablets, etc. Add or upgrade sound cards, video cards, etc. Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

68. Expanding Your Computer Most peripherals can be added using external USB port Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

69. Expanding Your Computer Expansion cards can be added / upgraded to enhance functionality Graphics card Modem card Sound card Network card Also called expansion boards, controller cards, or adapters Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

70. Expanding Your Computer An expansion card Small circuit board that provides computer ability to control input, storage, or output devices Data bus Circuits over which data travels from one component to another Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

71. Expanding Your Computer Expansion bus Segment of data bus between RAM and peripheral devices Allows data to travel through expansion slots, cards, ports, and cables Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

72. Expanding Your Computer Expansion slot Long, narrow socket on motherboard into which expansion card is plugged PCMCIA slot External expansion slot for PC Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

73. Expanding Your Computer Expansion ports Connectors that pass data in and out of computer or peripheral device Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

74. Expanding Your Computer Device driver Software that sets up communication between computer and device or card Each device or card needs one Directions supplied with device or card includes instructions for installing device driver Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

75. Talking Points: Why recycle computers? 500 million computers were obsolete by 2007 About 1 billion floppy discs, CDs, and DVDs end up in landfills every year Computer parts contain toxins like lead, phosphorous, and mercury Monitors can contain up to six pounds of lead Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition

76. Talking Points: Why recycle computers? Instead of throwing away Sell it Donate it to school, church, or community program Have it hauled away by professional recycling firm Send it back to manufacturer Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition