The document is a letter requesting funding from the DeKalb County Community Development Department for a culturally sensitive mental health program for African American women. It outlines barriers to mental healthcare for this group due to stigma. The proposed program aims to empower women, foster community support, and reduce stigma through education, support groups, and engaging local media. It would benefit women, families, and the community by improving mental health, relationships, employment, safety, and reducing costs of issues like crime and incarceration. The program is designed to be self-sustaining through community partnerships and donations.
The document discusses theories of the self from a psychological perspective. It defines the self as a cognitive construct consisting of the "I" (thinking, acting, feeling aspects) and the "me" (physical and psychological characteristics). William James and Carl Rogers introduced this concept of the dual self. The self is also influenced by social interaction and one's environment. It develops through social roles, relationships, and group memberships. Factors like self-esteem, self-awareness, social comparison, and narcissism also shape one's sense of self over time. The self is not fixed but rather evolves continuously based on experiences and social contexts.
The document discusses the review of related literature (RRL) process. It defines an RRL and explains that it evaluates information from sources related to the selected research area. The purposes of an RRL include obtaining background knowledge, relating the study to current situations, and expanding on prior research. The document outlines including background information, theories, data, findings and recommendations in an RRL. It also discusses primary, secondary and tertiary sources and citing sources to avoid plagiarism.
This part of the thesis describes the methodology section which provides details of the research activities, data collection strategies, and administration of questionnaires and interviews to achieve the study objectives and address the problem. It discusses preparing and testing questionnaires, identifying persons responsible for data collection, and approaches for administering questionnaires and conducting interviews.
The document summarizes the historical origins and development of the social sciences. It discusses how the social sciences emerged later than the natural sciences, tracing origins to ancient Greek philosophers but only developing as separate fields in the modern period. Key events that enabled this included the scientific revolution undermining religious authority, the secularization of education through universities, and the dissolution of feudal social relations with the rise of commerce. The document presents the social sciences as building upon these historical transformations to establish empirical, evidence-based approaches to studying society, culture and politics.
The document discusses gender roles, socioeconomic classes, ethnicity, and religion in Philippine society from pre-colonial times to the present. It describes how gender roles changed over time, with women having more restrictions imposed during colonial rule. Socioeconomic classes evolved from a three-tier system in pre-colonial times to classifications based on ancestry under Spanish rule to the current system based on income. The Philippines has over 180 ethnolinguistic groups and the document discusses issues of racism and ethnocentrism. Major religions in the Philippines today include Christianity and Islam.
This document outlines the typical structure and sections of a thesis or dissertation. It discusses the key parts including preliminaries, text/body, and references. The body typically contains five major sections: introduction, literature review, methodology, results and discussion, and conclusions. Each section is then described in more detail, outlining what they should contain such as the problem statement, objectives, data collection procedures, analysis methods, and more. Sample paragraphs and examples are provided for many of the sections.
The document discusses theories of the self from a psychological perspective. It defines the self as a cognitive construct consisting of the "I" (thinking, acting, feeling aspects) and the "me" (physical and psychological characteristics). William James and Carl Rogers introduced this concept of the dual self. The self is also influenced by social interaction and one's environment. It develops through social roles, relationships, and group memberships. Factors like self-esteem, self-awareness, social comparison, and narcissism also shape one's sense of self over time. The self is not fixed but rather evolves continuously based on experiences and social contexts.
The document discusses the review of related literature (RRL) process. It defines an RRL and explains that it evaluates information from sources related to the selected research area. The purposes of an RRL include obtaining background knowledge, relating the study to current situations, and expanding on prior research. The document outlines including background information, theories, data, findings and recommendations in an RRL. It also discusses primary, secondary and tertiary sources and citing sources to avoid plagiarism.
This part of the thesis describes the methodology section which provides details of the research activities, data collection strategies, and administration of questionnaires and interviews to achieve the study objectives and address the problem. It discusses preparing and testing questionnaires, identifying persons responsible for data collection, and approaches for administering questionnaires and conducting interviews.
The document summarizes the historical origins and development of the social sciences. It discusses how the social sciences emerged later than the natural sciences, tracing origins to ancient Greek philosophers but only developing as separate fields in the modern period. Key events that enabled this included the scientific revolution undermining religious authority, the secularization of education through universities, and the dissolution of feudal social relations with the rise of commerce. The document presents the social sciences as building upon these historical transformations to establish empirical, evidence-based approaches to studying society, culture and politics.
The document discusses gender roles, socioeconomic classes, ethnicity, and religion in Philippine society from pre-colonial times to the present. It describes how gender roles changed over time, with women having more restrictions imposed during colonial rule. Socioeconomic classes evolved from a three-tier system in pre-colonial times to classifications based on ancestry under Spanish rule to the current system based on income. The Philippines has over 180 ethnolinguistic groups and the document discusses issues of racism and ethnocentrism. Major religions in the Philippines today include Christianity and Islam.
This document outlines the typical structure and sections of a thesis or dissertation. It discusses the key parts including preliminaries, text/body, and references. The body typically contains five major sections: introduction, literature review, methodology, results and discussion, and conclusions. Each section is then described in more detail, outlining what they should contain such as the problem statement, objectives, data collection procedures, analysis methods, and more. Sample paragraphs and examples are provided for many of the sections.
Related literature and studies help guide researchers in several ways: by helping select a research topic, understand the topic better, and avoid duplicating other studies. They also help with research design elements like formulating questions, assumptions, and frameworks, as well as selecting methods, instruments, analysis techniques, and comparing findings. Sources of related materials include scholarly journals, books, and databases. Primary sources are original accounts, while secondary sources discuss primary sources. Researchers should review sources that are recent, objective, relevant, and based on original facts.
The document discusses exposure and vulnerability to natural hazards. Exposure refers to people, assets, or resources that could be affected by hazards, while vulnerability is the susceptibility to harm from stresses. The Philippines has high exposure due to its location in the Pacific typhoon belt and geography of small islands and rugged terrain. It is also highly vulnerable due to poverty, weak institutions, reliance on agriculture/fishing, and other social and economic factors. Multiple sectors in the Philippines, such as agriculture, watersheds, coastal areas and human health, are vulnerable to climate change impacts.
Makabayan is a new learning area in the Philippines that integrates various subjects to help develop students' personal and national identities. It aims to be a hands-on learning environment where students can demonstrate skills like empathy, problem-solving, and vocational abilities. Love of country is the unifying principle, and it emphasizes developing self-reliant, patriotic citizens through critical thinking. The learning area features stronger integration of values and competencies. It seeks to empower students for lifelong learning and addressing social challenges. Key subject components include social studies, geography, history, civics, culture, economics, music, arts, and physical/health education. Makabayan is a work in progress defined by communities rather than
This document provides information about concept papers, including what they are, how they are structured, and tips for writing them. A concept paper is a short summary that describes a project's purpose and outlines why it is important and how it will be carried out. It serves as an introduction to a fuller proposal or paper. Developing a clear concept paper involves researching the topic from various sources, creating an outline, and having others review the paper to catch any errors before finalizing it. This document encourages seeking help from professional writers when drafting a concept paper, as they can help ensure the paper is well-written and tailored to its purpose.
This document provides an orientation to the Personal Development course for senior high school students. It introduces the course content, objectives, methods, and assessment. The course aims to help students understand themselves better through self-reflection and sharing experiences with classmates. It covers four units: self-development, aspects of personal development, relationships, and career development. Students are required to keep a journal and portfolio of class activities and reflections to demonstrate their learning. The course uses experiential learning approaches and rubrics to evaluate students' work.
Human Cultural Variation/ Social DifferencesZenpai Carl
This document discusses human cultural variation and social differences. It defines cultural variation as differences in social behaviors between cultures, such as what is considered good or bad etiquette. Social differences are defined as differences between individuals based on characteristics like gender, socioeconomic status, and exceptionality. The document then explores specific aspects of cultural variation like religion, ethnicity, and nationality. It also examines social differences such as gender, socioeconomic status, and exceptionality. Subcultures within cultures and countercultures that reject mainstream values are also discussed.
This document discusses the positive and negative effects of religion. Positively, religion can promote social harmony by bringing people together, provide moral values and social change, explain phenomena, and give people purpose and belonging. However, it can also affirm social hierarchies, cause discrimination through intolerant beliefs, trigger conflicts and violence, be used to control people economically, and impede scientific advancement by rejecting theories that contradict religious doctrines.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of the Philippine education system. It traces the system from the pre-colonial period through the Spanish, American, and Japanese periods. It describes the governing bodies that oversee education and the various curricular programs, including early childhood education, basic education, alternative learning systems, and vocational-technical education. The document compares the 2002 Basic Education Curriculum and the K-12 curriculum and discusses efforts to improve student performance in core subjects.
The document discusses the traits and characteristics of Filipinos. It identifies several positive traits such as being hospitable, respectful, having strong family ties, being generous, hardworking, loving, family-oriented, adaptable, creative, and able to survive difficult circumstances. It also notes some negative traits like complaining, being judgmental, engaging in backstabbing, favoritism, crab mentality, tardiness, gossiping, being nosy, and making excuses. Overall, the document provides an overview of both the good and bad qualities commonly associated with people from the Philippines.
PerDev Personal Relationship-Attraction, Love & Commitment.pptxSheilaMaePBaltazarHe
This document discusses personal relationships, attraction, love, and commitment. It provides learning objectives around expressing attraction, love, and commitment. It includes activities for students to determine how they express these feelings and to whom. It discusses the key components of attraction, definitions of love and commitment, and ways to express affection and maintain relationships through open communication, trust, respect, and being helpful.
Decision making considers many factors to reach a sound conclusion. A manager may prioritize keeping experienced employees over satisfying customers who come and go. Similarly, educators base decisions on their values and priorities. Experience enhances one's ability to make wise decisions systematically.
The document discusses the Commonwealth Period in Philippine history and education. Some key points:
1) The Commonwealth Period was when the Philippines was controlled by the United States, with Manuel Quezon as the first elected Filipino leader.
2) The educational system during this period emphasized moral character, civic conscience, personal discipline, and vocational efficiency through methods like memorization and recitation.
3) Commonwealth Act No. 586 of 1940 established reforms like reducing elementary school to 6 years, setting the entrance age to 7, and introducing double sessions to accommodate more students.
4) Commonwealth Act No. 180 gave regulatory power over private schools to the Secretary of Public Instruction to maintain educational standards.
As an African American male, social issues are some that seem to.docxssusera34210
As an African American male, social issues are some that seem to be a part of our everyday life at the time of birth. Whether it’s our skin being threatening towards other groups of society, police brutality, not receiving the same education, jobs, or housing as those of other cultures; it’s something that burned into our part of growing up and learning how to maneuver the world around us. Being that this is something that is thrown in our face time and time again, I would like to talk about the trust or lack thereof, between “professional helpers” and African American males. You must first stop and take a look at the deep roots of past and current events that lead to African Americans not trusting the help that’s provided by doctors, lawyers, therapists, etc. For example, historical adversity, which includes slavery, sharecropping, and race-based exclusion from health, educational, social, and economic resources, translates into socioeconomic disparities experienced by Black and African American people today. Socioeconomic status, in turn, is linked to mental health: People who are impoverished, homeless, incarcerated, or have substance use problems are at higher risk for poor mental health.
Despite progress made over the years, racism continues to have an impact on the mental health of Black and African American people. Negative stereotypes and attitudes of rejection have decreased, but continue to occur with measurable, adverse consequences. Historical and contemporary instances of negative treatment have led to a mistrust of authorities, many of whom are not seen as having the best interests of Black and African Americans in mind. The culture from which many African Americans are raised, has a greater distrust of the medical helpers and medical offices alike, from the belief of racial bias. A great example is that of the Tuskegee experiment, where the abuses of slaves by white doctors, simply for the use of medical experimentation. There was no sense of consent or refusal from the African American participants to participate, just because of their lower level in society and the mass discrimination during that time. It’s those issues of the past, that resist black males from seeking the help they truly need, in order to bring them back to the feeling of self and self-worth; and to add a more recent impact, just look at the COVID vaccine, many are skeptical of receiving it, just because of what happens at Tuskegee. Despite progress made over the years, racism continues to have an impact on the mental health of Black and African American people. Negative stereotypes and attitudes of rejection have decreased, but continue to occur with measurable, adverse consequences. Historical and contemporary instances of negative treatment have led to a mistrust of authorities, many of whom are not seen as having the best interests of Black and African Americans in mind.
Most importantly, one must be willing to understand how having a multicultu.
Increasing Access to Mental Health Care: The Impact of African American Mal...I Got U
The importance of African American male therapists in the community is a growing area of interest. This presentation will explore the impact of their presence in increasing access to mental health care for the African American population.
Related literature and studies help guide researchers in several ways: by helping select a research topic, understand the topic better, and avoid duplicating other studies. They also help with research design elements like formulating questions, assumptions, and frameworks, as well as selecting methods, instruments, analysis techniques, and comparing findings. Sources of related materials include scholarly journals, books, and databases. Primary sources are original accounts, while secondary sources discuss primary sources. Researchers should review sources that are recent, objective, relevant, and based on original facts.
The document discusses exposure and vulnerability to natural hazards. Exposure refers to people, assets, or resources that could be affected by hazards, while vulnerability is the susceptibility to harm from stresses. The Philippines has high exposure due to its location in the Pacific typhoon belt and geography of small islands and rugged terrain. It is also highly vulnerable due to poverty, weak institutions, reliance on agriculture/fishing, and other social and economic factors. Multiple sectors in the Philippines, such as agriculture, watersheds, coastal areas and human health, are vulnerable to climate change impacts.
Makabayan is a new learning area in the Philippines that integrates various subjects to help develop students' personal and national identities. It aims to be a hands-on learning environment where students can demonstrate skills like empathy, problem-solving, and vocational abilities. Love of country is the unifying principle, and it emphasizes developing self-reliant, patriotic citizens through critical thinking. The learning area features stronger integration of values and competencies. It seeks to empower students for lifelong learning and addressing social challenges. Key subject components include social studies, geography, history, civics, culture, economics, music, arts, and physical/health education. Makabayan is a work in progress defined by communities rather than
This document provides information about concept papers, including what they are, how they are structured, and tips for writing them. A concept paper is a short summary that describes a project's purpose and outlines why it is important and how it will be carried out. It serves as an introduction to a fuller proposal or paper. Developing a clear concept paper involves researching the topic from various sources, creating an outline, and having others review the paper to catch any errors before finalizing it. This document encourages seeking help from professional writers when drafting a concept paper, as they can help ensure the paper is well-written and tailored to its purpose.
This document provides an orientation to the Personal Development course for senior high school students. It introduces the course content, objectives, methods, and assessment. The course aims to help students understand themselves better through self-reflection and sharing experiences with classmates. It covers four units: self-development, aspects of personal development, relationships, and career development. Students are required to keep a journal and portfolio of class activities and reflections to demonstrate their learning. The course uses experiential learning approaches and rubrics to evaluate students' work.
Human Cultural Variation/ Social DifferencesZenpai Carl
This document discusses human cultural variation and social differences. It defines cultural variation as differences in social behaviors between cultures, such as what is considered good or bad etiquette. Social differences are defined as differences between individuals based on characteristics like gender, socioeconomic status, and exceptionality. The document then explores specific aspects of cultural variation like religion, ethnicity, and nationality. It also examines social differences such as gender, socioeconomic status, and exceptionality. Subcultures within cultures and countercultures that reject mainstream values are also discussed.
This document discusses the positive and negative effects of religion. Positively, religion can promote social harmony by bringing people together, provide moral values and social change, explain phenomena, and give people purpose and belonging. However, it can also affirm social hierarchies, cause discrimination through intolerant beliefs, trigger conflicts and violence, be used to control people economically, and impede scientific advancement by rejecting theories that contradict religious doctrines.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of the Philippine education system. It traces the system from the pre-colonial period through the Spanish, American, and Japanese periods. It describes the governing bodies that oversee education and the various curricular programs, including early childhood education, basic education, alternative learning systems, and vocational-technical education. The document compares the 2002 Basic Education Curriculum and the K-12 curriculum and discusses efforts to improve student performance in core subjects.
The document discusses the traits and characteristics of Filipinos. It identifies several positive traits such as being hospitable, respectful, having strong family ties, being generous, hardworking, loving, family-oriented, adaptable, creative, and able to survive difficult circumstances. It also notes some negative traits like complaining, being judgmental, engaging in backstabbing, favoritism, crab mentality, tardiness, gossiping, being nosy, and making excuses. Overall, the document provides an overview of both the good and bad qualities commonly associated with people from the Philippines.
PerDev Personal Relationship-Attraction, Love & Commitment.pptxSheilaMaePBaltazarHe
This document discusses personal relationships, attraction, love, and commitment. It provides learning objectives around expressing attraction, love, and commitment. It includes activities for students to determine how they express these feelings and to whom. It discusses the key components of attraction, definitions of love and commitment, and ways to express affection and maintain relationships through open communication, trust, respect, and being helpful.
Decision making considers many factors to reach a sound conclusion. A manager may prioritize keeping experienced employees over satisfying customers who come and go. Similarly, educators base decisions on their values and priorities. Experience enhances one's ability to make wise decisions systematically.
The document discusses the Commonwealth Period in Philippine history and education. Some key points:
1) The Commonwealth Period was when the Philippines was controlled by the United States, with Manuel Quezon as the first elected Filipino leader.
2) The educational system during this period emphasized moral character, civic conscience, personal discipline, and vocational efficiency through methods like memorization and recitation.
3) Commonwealth Act No. 586 of 1940 established reforms like reducing elementary school to 6 years, setting the entrance age to 7, and introducing double sessions to accommodate more students.
4) Commonwealth Act No. 180 gave regulatory power over private schools to the Secretary of Public Instruction to maintain educational standards.
As an African American male, social issues are some that seem to.docxssusera34210
As an African American male, social issues are some that seem to be a part of our everyday life at the time of birth. Whether it’s our skin being threatening towards other groups of society, police brutality, not receiving the same education, jobs, or housing as those of other cultures; it’s something that burned into our part of growing up and learning how to maneuver the world around us. Being that this is something that is thrown in our face time and time again, I would like to talk about the trust or lack thereof, between “professional helpers” and African American males. You must first stop and take a look at the deep roots of past and current events that lead to African Americans not trusting the help that’s provided by doctors, lawyers, therapists, etc. For example, historical adversity, which includes slavery, sharecropping, and race-based exclusion from health, educational, social, and economic resources, translates into socioeconomic disparities experienced by Black and African American people today. Socioeconomic status, in turn, is linked to mental health: People who are impoverished, homeless, incarcerated, or have substance use problems are at higher risk for poor mental health.
Despite progress made over the years, racism continues to have an impact on the mental health of Black and African American people. Negative stereotypes and attitudes of rejection have decreased, but continue to occur with measurable, adverse consequences. Historical and contemporary instances of negative treatment have led to a mistrust of authorities, many of whom are not seen as having the best interests of Black and African Americans in mind. The culture from which many African Americans are raised, has a greater distrust of the medical helpers and medical offices alike, from the belief of racial bias. A great example is that of the Tuskegee experiment, where the abuses of slaves by white doctors, simply for the use of medical experimentation. There was no sense of consent or refusal from the African American participants to participate, just because of their lower level in society and the mass discrimination during that time. It’s those issues of the past, that resist black males from seeking the help they truly need, in order to bring them back to the feeling of self and self-worth; and to add a more recent impact, just look at the COVID vaccine, many are skeptical of receiving it, just because of what happens at Tuskegee. Despite progress made over the years, racism continues to have an impact on the mental health of Black and African American people. Negative stereotypes and attitudes of rejection have decreased, but continue to occur with measurable, adverse consequences. Historical and contemporary instances of negative treatment have led to a mistrust of authorities, many of whom are not seen as having the best interests of Black and African Americans in mind.
Most importantly, one must be willing to understand how having a multicultu.
Increasing Access to Mental Health Care: The Impact of African American Mal...I Got U
The importance of African American male therapists in the community is a growing area of interest. This presentation will explore the impact of their presence in increasing access to mental health care for the African American population.
Page 14 winter issue of empowerment magazinesacpros
The Sacramento County Division of Behavioral Health Services is launching a new project to reduce stigma and discrimination against those with mental illness. The project will promote mental health awareness through community outreach and sharing real stories. It aims to dispel myths and encourage those with mental illness to seek help. By changing negative attitudes, the county hopes to eliminate barriers and increase access to services for individuals and families dealing with mental health issues.
Page 14 winter issue of empowerment magazinesacpros
The Sacramento County Division of Behavioral Health Services is launching a new project to reduce stigma and discrimination against those with mental illness. The project will promote mental health awareness through community outreach and sharing real stories. It aims to dispel myths and encourage those with mental health issues to seek help. By changing negative attitudes, the county hopes to eliminate barriers and improve inclusion and access to services for those living with mental illness.
Mental Health Issues In African American Women Perceptions And Stigmasplhill14
Patricia L. Hill outlines goals and objectives to address mental health issues in African American women by generating mental health literacy, mobilizing women to seek services, and building a network of culturally competent providers. The goals are to decrease stigma, change perceptions, acquire financial support, and empower women. Barriers include cultural values, limited resources, and historical mistreatment. Strategies include emphasizing strengths, incorporating social support, and developing short and long term goals. Social support systems are important to build trust, offer encouragement, and help manage stigma. The outcomes aim to reduce mortality, improve quality of life, and implement treatment protocols.
This document summarizes key issues related to racial and ethnic mental health disparities in the United States. It notes that while prevalence rates of mental health conditions are equivalent across races, communities of color experience greater burdens and barriers to care, including poorer access, inappropriate care, and increased social risks. Untreated conditions can lead to worse outcomes and higher costs. The document outlines structural, affective, value orientation, and cognitive barriers communities of color face in accessing mental health services. It provides background on past presidential commissions and reports that brought attention to the need for culturally-responsive care and policies to reduce disparities.
Childhood Trauma in the Black Community.pptxcobbscecelia
The document discusses childhood trauma experienced by Black children and its causes. It notes that Black children commonly experience racial trauma, community violence, family instability, and educational disparities. Approximately 70% experience racism or discrimination, and Black youth are more likely to experience adverse childhood experiences than their white peers. Systemic racism, lack of access to culturally competent mental health services, and limited safe community spaces often force Black children into environments where trauma is exposed. Solutions proposed include increasing access to culturally competent care, empowering families, addressing economic and housing instability, and advocating for trauma-informed policies and systems.
This document summarizes four studies from a community-based participatory research partnership on HIV prevention and treatment among Latinos in the Southeast United States. The first study lays a foundation for reproductive health education among immigrant Latinas in central North Carolina through focus groups. The second study examines HIV risk among immigrant Latino gay and bisexual men in rural areas using respondent-driven sampling. The third presents a small group prevention intervention for heterosexual Latino men. The fourth explores adherence to HIV treatment among Latino immigrants through interviews. The partnership includes community organizations, academic institutions, and public health departments working to improve health in the Latino community.
This document provides an overview of domestic violence and intimate partner abuse. It begins with introductions from the director of the Department of Social Work at the Greek Orthodox Ladies Philoptochos Society and a priest. It then defines domestic violence, lists various forms of abuse, and discusses why victims may stay in abusive relationships. The presentation aims to help the Orthodox Christian community identify and respond to domestic violence in a supportive manner.
This document lists cultural consultants who can provide services related to ethnic and cultural norms and values regarding dementia care. It provides backgrounds of 10 consultants from various ethnic groups including African American, American Indian, East African, and Hmong. Each consultant lists their name, contact information, ethnicity, education, experience with dementia care, services they can provide, and an example of a cultural norm or value from their ethnicity related to dementia care.
The document discusses substance abuse issues among North American Aboriginal communities and culturally sensitive treatment approaches. It explores issues such as generational trauma from colonization, residential schools, and the Indian Act, which have contributed to substance abuse, family disruption, and related problems. Community-based and holistic treatment methods are recommended, incorporating traditional healing practices like the medicine wheel, sweat lodges, and storytelling to address mind, body, spirit, and emotions in a culturally-grounded way.
Aetna Presentation Social Determinants of Latino HealthDanny Santibanez
Social Determinants of Hispanic/Latino Health
Daniel Santibanez, MPH, RD, University of North Florida
September 23, 2005 - UNF Hispanic Health Issues Seminars
This is part 8 of an 8 part series of seminars on Hispanic Health Issues brought to you by the University of North Florida’s Dept. of Public Health, College of Health, a grant from AETNA, and the cooperation of the Duval County Health Department.
View the video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCMCNReYnYs
Earn counseling CEUs here: https://www.allceus.com/member/cart/index/product/id/684/c/
Assumption 1: Counselors will not be able to sustain culturally responsive treatment without the organization's commitment to it.
Assumption 2: An understanding of race, ethnicity, and culture (including one's own) is necessary to appreciate the diversity of human dynamics and to treat all clients effectively
Assumption 3: Incorporating cultural competence into treatment improves therapeutic decision-making and offers alternate ways to define and plan a treatment program that is firmly directed toward progress and recovery
Assumption 4: Consideration of culture is important at all levels of operation—individual, programmatic, and organizational
Assumption 5: Culturally congruent interventions cannot be successfully applied when generated outside a community or without community participation.
Assumption 6: Public advocacy of culturally responsive practices can increase trust among the community, agency, and staff.
Black Women and HIV/AIDS: Findings from Southeast Regional Consumer and Provi...CDC NPIN
This document summarizes findings from focus groups with HIV-positive black women and community providers in the Southeast U.S. regarding barriers to HIV prevention, care, and services for black women. Major themes included the impact of history, culture, abuse, stigma, and mental health issues. Considerations for improving support included holistic support groups, affordable housing, transportation, culturally-relevant prevention messages, education for women, clinician sensitivity training, community-specific interventions, advocacy, and engaging HIV-positive black women in decision-making. The focus groups provided insights to better address the complex needs of black women at high risk for HIV.
Review of the research, literature and expert advice on reducing discrimination and enhancing social inclusion in mental health / illness. Written by Neasa Martin, funded by Queensland Alliance, Australia 2009
This document summarizes a study on the experiences and perspectives of older Black women in Tucson, Arizona regarding their interactions with the healthcare system. The study found that the women drew on "ethnic notions" and "healthy paranoias" developed over their lifetime based on their own experiences and stories from others. These led to suspicions of bias and expectations of receiving suboptimal care. Interviews revealed perceptions of disrespect through nonverbal cues or language from providers. The women believed their experiences were different than what White women would receive. The conclusion is that neither the patients nor healthcare system are fully aware of how attitudes about race can unintentionally lead to misinterpretations and misunderstandings between providers and patients of different ethnicities. Understanding
Cultural Competence In Clinical Practicejazzylindsay
The document discusses the importance of cultural competency in providing treatment services. It notes that culture influences a person's identity, values and experiences. To be effective, service providers must acknowledge differences between themselves and clients as well as similarities. Self-reflection on one's own biases and experiences is important. Culturally specific treatment that validates a client's cultural experiences can improve outcomes.
This document summarizes a certificate program on structural competence offered by the Center for Public Health Continuing Education. The program teaches practitioners to recognize how broader social, political, and economic factors impact patient vulnerability and health outcomes. It shifts the focus from individual beliefs and behaviors to the social contexts that influence health. The certificate includes webinars on various racial/ethnic groups that discuss histories of oppression, sociopolitical health barriers, and community engagement. The goal is to empower practitioners to address health inequities and stigma.
1. Patricia L. Hill
2681-C Delk Road
Marietta, GA 30067
Phill643@gmail.com
October 5, 2011
Dekalb County
Community Development Department
1250 East Ponce De Leon Avenue
Decatur, GA 30030
Re: African American Women Mental Health Issues: Stigmas and Perceptions- A program to
empower African American women and provide appropriate culturally sensitive, effective, and
sufficient care
Dear Chris Morris:
This letter is written to you in an appeal for funding for culturally sensitive mental health
services and facilitieswithin the DeKalb County and locally surrounding areas. There are current
barriers that are preventing African American women from seeking and acquiring appropriate
mental health services.
The benefits of providing these services will include, comprehensive exams for underserved
populations, decrease the mortality and morbidity rates of said population, build a network of
competent providers within the community, and increase and improve overall quality of life.
The population who would benefit from these services would be the African American women
and African American female adolescents. My focus is on the African American adult women
because their mental health directly impacts the future mental health of their daughters.
Currently among the African American communities, women are not seeking mental health
services because of the stigmas and perceptions associated with having a mental disorder. This is
causing severe emotional distress on the women, their family, and the community as a whole.
Having a mental illness is very taboo among most African Americans. So you have women with
these illnesses raising families, working fulltime and trying to maintain a balance. Nevertheless,
the absence of treatment or the lack of thereof, causes these women to lose their jobs; their
families suffer, and strain on the community.
Sincerely,
Page 1 of 11
2. Project Planner and Developer
Title:
African American Women Mental Health Issues: Stigmas and Perceptions- A program to
empower African American women and provide appropriate culturally sensitive, effective, and
sufficient care
Submitted to:
DeKalb County Community Development Department, 1250 East Ponce De Leon Avenue,
Decatur, GA 30030
Submitted by:
Patricia L. Hill, 2681-C Delk Road, Marietta, GA 30067, (770) 896-9500
Page 2 of 11
3. Goals:
The goals of the program are to empower African American women, foster local community
support, and reduce stigmas and perceptions about mental health illnesses.
The plans to achieve these goals first involve increasing the awareness and knowledge about
mental health disorders and clearing up the misconceptions about the disorders. The program
will use the competenciesand resourcesthe African American women already have and expound
on them as well as teach new skills and provide new resources.
The first objective of empowerment consists mainly of increasing positive attitudes, building
self-esteem, and developing healthy support systems. This will be achieved by getting the
women to open up and talk to one another through means of focus groups and exercises
involving interpersonal communication skills. During the group sessions, the women will be
given skill building exercises to complete individually and also will be participating in partnered
activities. Each activity will contain real life scenarios that involve a dialogue and discussion.
This will build each woman’s confidence level and provide insight on various ways to deal with
situations.
The next step is to foster local community support. To do this task involves using social
networks that are already inside the community by creating awareness, educating the population,
providing accurate, adequate, and appropriate information.There’s an Ethiopian truism that says,
"When spider webs unite, they can tie up a lion." By working with community groups and
significant local representatives, we can affectthe community. Because of the spiritual and
religious influence established in these communities, the plan will incorporate biblical values and
collaborate with ministers.
The ministers will help us gain the trust, commitment, and loyalty of the community. The plan is
not a replacement to the local church; it is to be a supplement to the church teachings. With this
collaboration and partnership involving the church and its religious leaders there should be a
25% decrease in depression, anxiety, and stress related disorders and/orbehaviors. This will be
evident from the doctors’ reports, police reports, and neighborhood clinics accountability logs.
Lastly, the reduction of stigmas and perceptions as regardsto mental health problems in African
American women. In our efforts to combat these issues, we have engaged local radio, television,
and newspaper personalities to come into the community biweekly and listen to the concerns of
the people. This has enabled important discussions to take place and issues to be brought to the
forefront. Community leaders speak on the misrepresentations of the community, while the
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4. personalities ask questions and seek resolutions. This type of intervention is beneficial for
everyone involved. Because the media plays a big part in getting information out and creating
images, perceptions, and attitudes.
This part of the plan can be measured by the new television shows, commercials, advertisements,
music videos, newspapers articles, magazines and all other media outlets that are being aired.
The print, visual, and audio media will begin to portray African American woman in a better
more positive perspective when it comes to telling their stories. A 30% decrease in negative
images, stories, and songs.
Statement of Need
Surgeon General, David Satcher’s 2001 report Mental Health: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity
investigated the inequalities in mental health care and treatment among racial and ethnic
minority groups. His report listed three main issues for these differences: minority groups have
less access to care, they are less likely to receive treatment for mental disorders, and the care
received is of insufficient quality.
According to Trevor (2006), minority populations were less likely to access mental health care
because of stigmas about mental disorders. African American women are exposed to double
stigmas, the fact that they have a mental illness and that they are part of racial minority group.
These women not only suffer from the stigma of having a mental illness but the perception of the
illness is also of high concern. Historically, African American women were seen as very
aggressive, strong willed, hard workers, and the back bone of the family, therefore to have a
mental illness would contradict those characteristics and place shame on the women and her
family. So it is better to deny or not acknowledge that a problem exists.
For an African American woman to have a mental illness in the opinions of the community,
society, church, family, and individuallysymbolizes that she is weak, lacks faith in God, is not a
good mother, dysfunctional when it comes to maintaining relationships and ill equipped to
function in society. These perceptions contributes to the African American woman’s low self-
esteem, identity, self-worth, and self-perception, thus adding stress and strain on her emotions
causing psychological problems.
Because of situations comparable to the Tuskegee Experiment and incidents like Sara Bartman
(Hottentot Venus), there is mistrust between medical entities and African American women.
Moreover, African American women tend to rely on the church, the family and friends, and
neighbors to cope with emotional stressors.
In a study done by Cristancho (2008) and Miranda (2003), there are also system level barriers
that prevent African American women for gaining access to mental health treatment. These
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5. barriers include inaccessibility to location and transportation, no health insurance, child care
issues, availability of services, and absence of culturally competent staff.
Because African American women tend to reside in rural or inner city areas, their access to
suitable, sufficient, and quality care is limited to none. These areas tend to be breeding grounds
of violence, drugs, unemployment, illiteracy, and single and teen parents. These neighborhoods
lack healthy food options, safe playgrounds, viable jobs, inadequate housing, and liquor stores at
every corner. These women don’t perceive a way out of this environment or a way to change it.
Impact
My program will provide a way for African American women to empower themselves and their
communities; recruit culturally competent psychiatrists, psychologists, and therapists; create
networks of providers; mobilize neighborhood watches and patrols; encourage support groups
and peer mentors; draw attention and promote action to build literacy rates; educate; train;
inspire; build unity; increase awareness; develop community pride and ownership; create leaders
and role models; develop policies, implement laws and guidelines on conduct; decrease loitering,
soliciting and the presence of alcohol vendors.
The goal of the program is to reduce the negative stigmas and perceptions attributed to mental
illness amongst African American women and their communities as a whole. By reducing the
stigmas and perceptions there has to be emphasis on uplifting and elevating the community in
which they reside
The beneficiaries of this program are African American women. They will benefit from this
program in several ways:
Better awareness of their mental illnesses
Sense of well-being
Ability to separate the illness from the person
Increasedproductivity
Stability
Acknowledgement
Acceptance
Belonging
Better quality of life
Positive outlook on life
Improved interpersonal relationships
Decrease in medication intake
Provide support to other in similar situations
Advocate for more services
Educate the public
Recruit culturally competent professionals
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6. Established networks
Improved coping skills
Ability to provide understanding and knowledge to their children
Put an end to the cycle
Increased safety and security in the community
Partnerships with other external agencies
The community benefits
Awareness of the problem
Decrease violence
Creation of support groups
Increase in grocery stores and community gardens
Implementation of neighborhood watches and patrols
Creation of youth centers and social activities
Partnership and involvement with churches and religious organizations
Decision making authority of vendors moving into neighborhoods
Enforcement of neighborhood curfews for ages 18 and below.
Accountability of residents
Job training programs and skills training
Increase in employment
Creation of new jobs in the area
Internships
Cooperative agreements
Volunteer agreements
Job sharing partnerships
Suitable and affordable housing
Accessible health care services
Affordable childcare
Accessible transportation
Community health insurance programs and grants
Decrease in money spent for vandalism, crime, teen pregnancy, substance abuse, robberies, and
incarcerations
Decrease in cost of hospital visits and medication
Decrease in unlawful soliciting and loitering
The most vulnerable populations that will be influenced by this program will be youths ages 13-
21; middle age 30-45; and the elderly 65 and above.
This program will be saving the community $1.5 million dollars a year.
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7. Sustainability
This program will incite businesses to invest in the community and sponsor programs to maintain
the functionality of the residents. The African American women who are helped with this
program will invest to be sponsors, funding sources, and affiliates of the program.The networks
and partnerships established will become financial donors. The program encourages each
recipient to give back to the program the services they have received in order to support other
African American women.
Within the program there is a system of charity and giving and a spirit of compassion and
empathy amongst participants.
This program ensures re-investment in the community and its residents as well as instills a sense
of community pride, ownership and participation. The residents will have sustained an
environment built on trust, privacy, mutual respect, dedication, and commitment to one another.
It guarantees success because the residents begin to support one another and have a vested
interest and loyalty to the health, viability, and welfare of the community.
Sources of revenue:
Investments
Donations (money, clothes, equipment)
Contributions
Sponsorships
Community Yard Sales
Car Washes
Bake Sales
Social Events
Fairs
Seminars
Grants
Taxes
Fees
Charitable Gifts
Vending Machines
Budget for Outreach Center
Building (insurance, mortgage) $2500
Utilities $350
Telephone $150
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8. Internet $150
Office Supplies $3000
Computer/Computer supplies $4500
Building Maintenance $2000
Security $400
Childcare $1200
Transportation $2500
Project Management
The program will be managed by the Program Developer and Planning Team. The Program
Developer will develop a curriculum for staff and the planning team will organize the classes to
be scheduled. The two full time employees will be conducting the evaluations and the two part
time employees will be completing the assessments.
The two fulltime employees will be conducting client interviews, intake, and needs assessments.
The two part-time staff members will be coordinating transportation and childcare assistance.
The volunteers will be ensuring that the files are updated, organized and maintained for accuracy
and accountability. The volunteers will assist clients with accessing resources via computer
and/or telephone.
The equipment will remain under warranty and Staples and Office Depot will maintain and
service the equipment. There is also a certified technician who volunteers that will provide daily
monitoring and service on an as needed basis.
The office space will be cleaned daily by volunteers who have their own office cleaning
business.
The outreach center is sort of a self-reliant entity, because most of the services will be provided
by our volunteers who are specialist/certified in Computer IT, housekeeping, maintenance,
cooking, teaching, accounting, law enforcement, electrical wiring, plumbing, counseling, and
HVACfor little to no charge.
Evaluation
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9. The evaluation process will be done on an ongoing basis. The outreach center’s goal is to
empower and provide a network of culturally sensitive mental health services. When evaluating
the empowering of individuals we would conduct focus groups quarterly to receive feedback
form the participants. Also we would be conducting routine checks on client’s files to ensure
they are current on doctor visits, medication, therapy, and training. The information that was
provided during the intake will be compared to the information up to date. This will give a road
map on how the program is working and what processes need improvements.
In addition, we would have individual meetings with our clients to discuss which goals they have
achieved and which ones they are currently working on. The discussions would be another
evaluation tool to gauge where the client’s progress is from where it was during the beginning of
the program.
Furthermore, there would be open discussions where the women would have the opportunity to
engage the community regarding their newfound independence and share their stories without
fear from stigma or perception.
Because the program is an outreach center, we can only tract those services that are provided in-
house. We would have to depend on the client and the network providers to supply or furnish us
with their assessments for our staff to evaluate. However, when we refer clients out, we have a
written agreement with those providers to send us their progress notes. That is why our staff has
to be certified and trained in HIPPA. We take our services very seriously and our intent is to treat
each person with respect, professionalism, tact and courtesy.
Our ultimate outcomes from the program are to have educated and provided the tools and
resources needed to empower the African American woman to seek mental health services;
decrease stigmas and increase positive perceptions. This program should inspire other
communities to begin a dialogue about mental health issues among their African American
women population.
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10. Citations
Shim, R.S., Compton, M.T., Rust, G., Druss, B.G, &Kaslow, N.J. (2009). Race-ethnicity as a
predictor of attitudes toward mental health treatment seeking. Psychiatric Services, 60
(10), 1336-1341.
Trevor, J., Schraufnagel, B.S.., Wagner, A.W., Miranda, J., & Roy-Barne, P.P. (2006). Treating
minority patients with depression and anxiety: What does the evidence tell us? General
Hospital Psychiatry, 28, 27-36.
Nadeem, E., Lange, J.M., Edge, D., Fongwa, M., Belin, T.,& Miranda, J. (2007). Does stigma
keep poor young immigrant and U.S.born Black and Latina women from seeking mental
health care?Psychiatry Services, 58 (12), 1547-1554.
Ward, E.C., Clark, L.O., &Heidrich, S. (2009). African American women’s beliefs, coping
behaviors, and barriers to seeking mental health services. Qualitative Health Research,
19 (11), 1589-1601.
Perkins, K.R. (1996). The influence of television images on black females’ self-perceptions of
physical attractiveness. Journal of Black Psychology, 22 (4), 453-469.
Anglin, D.M., Alberti, P.M., Link, B.G., & Phelan, J.C. (2008). Racial differences in beliefs
about effectiveness and necessity of mental health treatment. American Journal of
Community Psychology, 42(1-2), 17-24.
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11. Pender, N.J., Murdaugh, C., & Parsons, M.A.(2010). Health promotion in nursing practice, 6th
edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice-Hall.
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