The document provides information on the conception of the Internet and web. It discusses that the Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use TCP/IP, while the web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. It also outlines some of the key protocols like HTTP, IP, and TCP involved in enabling communication and functioning of the Internet and web.

1. Conception of Internet & Web
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2. Internet
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3. Internet
៚ A short form of the technical term internetwork and also referred to as Net
៚ A global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard
Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP)
៚ A network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic,
business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by
a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies
៚ Carries a vast range of information resources and services
៚ Services over Internet
៙ Web (WWW)
៙ E-commerce
៙ Communication (e-mail, forum, chat, telephone, etc.)
៙ File transfer
៙ Online learning, working
៙ Remote connection, etc.
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4. Visualization from the Opte Project
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5. Protocols
៚ Open Systems Interconnection model simplified (OSI model)
៙ Application: HTTP, FTP, POP, IMAP, SMTP, DNS, SSH, etc.
៙ Transport: TCP (Transport Control Protocol), UDP (User Datagram
Protocol)
៙ Network: IP (Internet Protocol)
៙ Data Link: no specified
៚ Application Layer
៙ HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol): Web
៙ FTP (File Transfer Protocol): file transfer
៙ POP (Post Office Protocol)/IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol),
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): e-mail
៙ DNS (Domain Name Server): translating hostnames into IP address
៙ SSH (Secure Shell): remote secure connection
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6. History
៚ 1959-68: ARPA Project, Ministry of Defense of America launched a network to
support the consequences of the nuclear conflict.
៚ 1969: ARPANET network, universities of America were installed lots of
computers that were connected to the network.
៚ 1970-82: Open world wide, the first connection with Norway and London
៚ 1983: Internet via TCP
៚ 1986: Highway of information, National Science Foundation deployed super-
computers for speeding up the debit of Internet.
៚ 1987-92: Expansion of Internet, private companies were connected to Internet.
៚ 1993-2003: Explosion of Internet (Web and e-mail)
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7. Web
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8. Web
៚ World Wide Web, abbreviated as WWW and commonly known as Web
៚ A system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via Internet
៚ Client/Server Model
៚ Based on 3 concepts:
៙ Location: URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
៙ Protocol: HTTP
៙ Language: HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
៚ Functions:
៙ Clients communicate with a web server via HTTP.
៙ Servers verify the request and authentication, and transmit the responses.
៙ Web browsers interpret the responses and display (maybe with a plug-in).
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9. History
៚ Origin
៙ Birth of CERN: A requirement to exchange of documents, photos, etc.
៙ 1989: Network of Document by Tim Berbers-Lee
៙ 1990: The first prototype in text mode
៙ 1991: The demonstration at Hypertext 91 by San Antonio
៚ Evolution
៙ 1993: The first Mosaic GUI by Marc Andreesen
៙ 1994:
ៜ Netscape Com. Corp. by Marc Andreesen
ៜ WWW Consortium (W3C) by Tim Berbers-Lee after leaving CERN and
founded by MIT
៙ 1996: Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)
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10. Document Address
៚ Uniform Resource Locator (URL):
៙ A URI that specifies where an identified resource is available and the
mechanism for retrieving
៙ 3 parts:
ៜ protocol (how)
ៜ domain (hostname or IP) (where)
ៜ file name (which)
៚ URI:
៙ A string of characters used to identify a name or a resource on the Internet
៙ One can classify URIs as locators (URLs), or as names (URNs), or as both.
៚ Uniform Resource Name (URN): defines an item's identity, while the URL
provides a method for finding it.
៚ i.e.
៚ http://www.google.com/index.html
៚ http://www.xyz.com/x%20y%20z%20.html (with URL encoding)
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11. Document Address (cont.)
៚ Different components of a URL:
៙ proto://domain:port/path?args
៙ proto: protocol (http, https, ftp, etc.)
៙ domain: hostname or IP
៙ port: port number (80 for http, 443 for https, etc.)
៙ path: maybe contains a fragment
ៜ i.e. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet#Protocols
៙ args: allows to pass information to server-side applications
ៜ i.e.
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&source=hp&q=Int
ernet&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=f&oq=
៚ URL path:
៙ Relative : img/xyz.png (a link in
http://www.xyz.com/index.html)
៙ Absolute path: http://www.xyz.com/img/xyz.png
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12. Web Page, Web Site & Web Browser
៚ Web page (or webpage):
៙ A document or information resource that is suitable for the World Wide
Web and can be accessed through a web browser and displayed
៙ This information is usually in HTML or XHTML format, and may link to
other web pages via hypertext links.
៙ Web pages frequently subsume other resources such as style sheets,
scripts and images.
៚ Web site (website):
៙ A collection of related web pages containing images, videos, etc.
៙ A web site is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network
such as the Internet or a private local area network through a URL.
៚ Web browser (or Internet browser): a software application for retrieving,
presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web
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13. During displaying the content, a web browsers request other resources such as
images, music, etc.
Static Web Page
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14. A server-side application may use the arguments.
Dynamic Web Page
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15. Proxy
៚ Proxy server:
៙ A server (a computer or an application) that acts as intermediary between
clients and servers
៙ Most proxies are a web proxy, a;;owing access to content on the web.
៚ Potential purposes of a proxy:
៙ Keep machines behind it anonymous (security)
៙ Speed up access to resources (cache)
៙ Apply access policy to network services or content, i.e. block undesired
sites
៙ Log or audit usage, i.e. provide company employee Internet usage
reporting
៙ Bypass security or parental controls
៙ Scan transmitted content for malware before delivery
៙ Scan outbound content, e.g., for data leak protection
៙ Circumvent regional restrictions
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16. Proxy & Cache
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17. Internet and internet is Sometimes someone asks
different because of I and i. me to install some plug-ins.
It’s annoying.
Cool.
You’re idiots.
I don’t care. Internet and web is the same.
I go to suffer Internet or web.
Go to school again, IE.
This web page is COOL.
When it’s with me, why is its
presentation DIFFERENT?
What are web 1.0 and web 2.0?
I know. You’re HOT.
Ask my developers Google.
I know that I don’t know. Write one page and send to
your teacher.
Comic
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18. The End
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