Multimedia outline
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This document provides an overview of topics to be covered in a multimedia course including lossless and lossy image and audio compression techniques, standards like JPEG and MPEG, image and audio processing, video compression, multimedia interfaces, content retrieval over networks, and references for further reading on fundamentals of multimedia, data compression, digital image processing, JPEG, MPEG video compression, audio and video networking protocols, and more.
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in providing voice over IP and video-on-demand to every computer, and also because of the
immense profits of it. What are some of the technical means we use to implement streaming
audio and video?
i digital audio is a digital representation of an audio wave that can be used to recreate it; audio
waves can be converted to digital form by an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
ii the data rate of sending audio over the Internet can be reduced by an order of magnitude if
compression is used; one of the most popular audio compression algorithms is MPEG audio
layer 3 (MP3) – it transforms the signal mathematical by a Fourier transform into its frequency
components
iii if a sequence of images is drawn at 50 images/second the eye does not notice they are discreet
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using a grid of pixels (picture elements)
i
ii
i and ii
i and iii
Solution
Ans:
C) i and iii
Explanation:
digital audio is a digital representation of an audio wave that can be used to recreate it; audio
waves can be converted to digital form by an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) and if a
sequence of images is drawn at 50 images/second the eye does not notice they are discreet
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using a grid of pixels (picture elements) we use to implement streaming audio and video.
New coding techniques, standardisation, and quality metrics
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AVI codecs. The most widely used objective measurement by developers of video processing systems is
Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). Peak Signal to Noise Ration is measured on a logarithmic scale and
depends on the mean squared error (MSE) between an original and an impaired image or video, relative to
(2n-1)2.
Previous research done regarding assessing of video quality has been mainly by the use of subjective
methods, and there is still no standard method for objective assessments. Although it has been considered
that compression might not be significant in future as storage and transmission capabilities improve, but at
low bandwidths compression makes communication possible.
COMPARISON OF CINEPAK, INTEL, MICROSOFT VIDEO AND INDEO CODEC FOR VIDEO COMPR...
The file size and picture quality are factors to be considered for streaming, storage and transmitting videos
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compression. The peak signal to noise ratio is used to compare the quality of such video compressed using
AVI codecs. The most widely used objective measurement by developers of video processing systems is
Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). Peak Signal to Noise Ration is measured on a logarithmic scale and
depends on the mean squared error (MSE) between an original and an impaired image or video, relative to
(2n-1)2.
Previous research done regarding assessing of video quality has been mainly by the use of subjective
methods, and there is still no standard method for objective assessments. Although it has been considered
that compression might not be significant in future as storage and transmission capabilities improve, but at
low bandwidths compression makes communication possible
1st section
The document discusses a computer vision workshop that covered topics including what a digital image is, what digital image processing is, examples of digital image processing, and key stages in digital image processing. It defines a digital image as a finite set of pixels representing properties like gray levels or color. Digital image processing focuses on improving images for interpretation and processing images for storage, transmission and machine perception. Examples covered include image enhancement, medical imaging, geographic information systems, law enforcement, and object segmentation. Key stages discussed include image acquisition, restoration, enhancement, representation and description, segmentation, and compression.
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This document provides an overview of data compression techniques. It discusses both lossless compression methods like run-length encoding and Huffman coding as well as lossy compression used in JPEG and MPEG standards. Lossy compression is acceptable for images and video since the human eye cannot perceive subtle changes, while lossless compression preserves integrity for text files. Applications of data compression include satellite imagery, MP3s, digital cameras, and storage of medical scans. Future work may explore more robust and error resilient compression as well as techniques using encrypted data packets.
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This document discusses multimedia, including defining multimedia and describing common multimedia elements like video, images, audio, and text. It then covers topics related to multimedia systems like compression techniques, data formats, input and output technologies, storage and retrieval methods, and architectural and networking considerations. The document provides an overview of key concepts regarding what multimedia is and the technologies involved in multimedia applications and systems.
Web applications and the mobile Web are not the only exciting develo.pdf
Web applications and the mobile Web are not the only exciting developments in the use of
networks. For many people “multimedia” is important, because it involves technical challenges
in providing voice over IP and video-on-demand to every computer, and also because of the
immense profits of it. What are some of the technical means we use to implement streaming
audio and video?
i digital audio is a digital representation of an audio wave that can be used to recreate it; audio
waves can be converted to digital form by an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
ii the data rate of sending audio over the Internet can be reduced by an order of magnitude if
compression is used; one of the most popular audio compression algorithms is MPEG audio
layer 3 (MP3) – it transforms the signal mathematical by a Fourier transform into its frequency
components
iii if a sequence of images is drawn at 50 images/second the eye does not notice they are discreet
images; with video systems we exploit this principle; we represent the images in digital form by
using a grid of pixels (picture elements)
i
ii
i and ii
i and iii
Solution
Ans:
C) i and iii
Explanation:
digital audio is a digital representation of an audio wave that can be used to recreate it; audio
waves can be converted to digital form by an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) and if a
sequence of images is drawn at 50 images/second the eye does not notice they are discreet
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This document provides an introduction to multimedia, including its definition as a combination of different digital media types, how it can be interactive, and how it is delivered through various platforms. It also discusses applications of multimedia in business, education, public spaces and the home. Virtual reality is presented as an extension of multimedia that aims to create realistic 3D environments through technologies like VRML.
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- AVI is an older Microsoft format that provides a framework for compression algorithms and was widely used with early video editing software, though it has limitations like a 2GB file size limit.
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- MPEG formats like MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 were developed to standardize video compression and are used for streaming video and video CD/DVD formats, with each newer standard supporting higher resolutions and functionality.
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This document provides a syllabus for a 4 credit course on Multimedia. It covers topics such as the basics of multimedia technology including frameworks, devices, authoring tools, and standards. It discusses image compression, audio/video representation and standards like MPEG. It also covers virtual reality applications, requirements, and uses in entertainment, manufacturing, education and more. Suggested readings on multimedia concepts, production, and applications are provided.
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Portfolio
This document provides a portfolio summary for Steve Kyong-lok Yoon. It summarizes his work experience developing various digital media software solutions between 2005-2015 for customers like Newport Media Inc. and Alticast Inc. It also briefly outlines his personal interests including enjoying his job, self-development, and co-working. Technical overviews are provided for DVB-H, DRM, XCAS, and DAB digital media standards and technologies. The document closes with an emphasis on Steve's craftsmanship and over 10 years of experience as a software engineer primarily in C/C++.
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This document provides an overview of DMDIA Digital Media Service Companies. It summarizes that DMDI was formed to efficiently process and manage digital media libraries. It provides digital media solutions to all video and film stakeholders. Its mission is to enable cost-effective access to the digital media value chain, with a vision of being the gold standard in digital media services. It offers various digital media services including encoding, content preparation, digital asset management, and closed captioning.
COMPARISON OF CINEPAK, INTEL, MICROSOFT VIDEO AND INDEO CODEC FOR VIDEO COMPR...
The file size and picture quality are factors to be considered for streaming, storage and transmitting videos
over networks. This work compares Cinepak, Intel, Microsoft Video and Indeo Codec for video
compression. The peak signal to noise ratio is used to compare the quality of such video compressed using
AVI codecs. The most widely used objective measurement by developers of video processing systems is
Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). Peak Signal to Noise Ration is measured on a logarithmic scale and
depends on the mean squared error (MSE) between an original and an impaired image or video, relative to
(2n-1)2.
COMPARISON OF CINEPAK, INTEL, MICROSOFT VIDEO AND INDEO CODEC FOR VIDEO COMPR...
This document compares four video codecs - Cinepak, Intel Indeo, Microsoft Video, and Indeo Video - by measuring the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of videos compressed with each codec. The document provides background on video compression standards and objective video quality measurement. It describes conducting an experiment where several video clips were compressed using the four codecs and their PSNR values calculated relative to the original uncompressed videos. PSNR was chosen as the quality metric since it can be easily calculated and produces repeatable results. The compressed videos were in AVI format to be analyzed by video quality assessment software.
Comparison of Cinepak, Intel, Microsoft Video and Indeo Codec for Video Compr...
The file size and picture quality are factors to be considered for streaming, storage and transmitting videos
over networks. This work compares Cinepak, Intel, Microsoft Video and Indeo Codec for video
compression. The peak signal to noise ratio is used to compare the quality of such video compressed using
AVI codecs. The most widely used objective measurement by developers of video processing systems is
Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). Peak Signal to Noise Ration is measured on a logarithmic scale and
depends on the mean squared error (MSE) between an original and an impaired image or video, relative to
(2n-1)2.
Previous research done regarding assessing of video quality has been mainly by the use of subjective
methods, and there is still no standard method for objective assessments. Although it has been considered
that compression might not be significant in future as storage and transmission capabilities improve, but at
low bandwidths compression makes communication possible.
COMPARISON OF CINEPAK, INTEL, MICROSOFT VIDEO AND INDEO CODEC FOR VIDEO COMPR...
The file size and picture quality are factors to be considered for streaming, storage and transmitting videos
over networks. This work compares Cinepak, Intel, Microsoft Video and Indeo Codec for video
compression. The peak signal to noise ratio is used to compare the quality of such video compressed using
AVI codecs. The most widely used objective measurement by developers of video processing systems is
Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). Peak Signal to Noise Ration is measured on a logarithmic scale and
depends on the mean squared error (MSE) between an original and an impaired image or video, relative to
(2n-1)2.
Previous research done regarding assessing of video quality has been mainly by the use of subjective
methods, and there is still no standard method for objective assessments. Although it has been considered
that compression might not be significant in future as storage and transmission capabilities improve, but at
low bandwidths compression makes communication possible
1st section
The document discusses a computer vision workshop that covered topics including what a digital image is, what digital image processing is, examples of digital image processing, and key stages in digital image processing. It defines a digital image as a finite set of pixels representing properties like gray levels or color. Digital image processing focuses on improving images for interpretation and processing images for storage, transmission and machine perception. Examples covered include image enhancement, medical imaging, geographic information systems, law enforcement, and object segmentation. Key stages discussed include image acquisition, restoration, enhancement, representation and description, segmentation, and compression.
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The document discusses various types of input and output devices used in human-computer interaction, including keyboards, mice, touchscreens, speech recognition, and devices for handicapped users. It covers the history and evolution of input devices from 1950 to 2000. It also describes predictive models like GOMS and Fitts's Law that are used to analyze user interactions with devices and estimate execution times.
5. ergonomic of www interface
The document discusses various ergonomic considerations for designing effective web interfaces. It notes that 62% of buyers give up during online transactions and 40% of consumers do not return to websites where their first visit failed. Good web design with usability testing is important. The document outlines recommendations for targeting intended users, structuring content through card sorting, enabling easy navigation, organizing web pages, designing effective forms, and considerations for intranet design.
4. ergonomic of wimp interface
The document discusses various aspects of graphical user interface (GUI) design including windows, widgets, icons, menus, pointers, and other WIMP objects. It provides recommendations for designing these elements according to ergonomic principles like direct manipulation, feedback, organization, identification, task analysis, and order of representation. Examples are given of different interface styles, window opening/closing strategies, multi-window approaches, menu structures, and mouse button assignments.
Lec2
The document discusses digital media such as audio, images, and video. It explains that these media are stored as files with different extensions, like BMP, JPG, PNG for images and WAV, MP3 for audio. It describes how media is captured using devices like cameras and microphones, and how the continuous analog signals are converted to discrete digital formats through sampling and digitization. Key concepts covered include the Nyquist sampling theorem, bit depth, color spaces, and gamma correction.
Concept ofinternet web_f2010211
The document provides information on the conception of the Internet and web. It discusses that the Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use TCP/IP, while the web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. It also outlines some of the key protocols like HTTP, IP, and TCP involved in enabling communication and functioning of the Internet and web.
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Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
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Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
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GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
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GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
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Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software Fuzzing
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
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Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
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Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
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During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
20240607 QFM018 Elixir Reading List May 2024
Everything I found interesting about the Elixir programming ecosystem in May 2024
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The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
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“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...Edge AI and Vision Alliance
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.Recently uploaded (20)
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
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Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
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Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
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Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
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GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
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Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
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Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
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“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
Multimedia outline
- 1. Multimedia Sethserey Sam Computer Science Department