computerweekly.com 17-23 September 2019 16
W hen people interact with each other, for example via financial transactions, sharing legal docu-ments or trading through supply chains, they need a high level of confidence that the data
recording their interaction is accurate and true.
A distributed ledger makes it possible to build applications
where multiple parties can execute transactions online without
the need to trust a central authority or indeed each other.
Over the past few years, the number of use cases for distributed
ledgers, and their more specialised form, blockchains, has been
increasing, as has the technology to support the underlying infra-
structure and build applications on top of it.
With a distributed ledger, every user has their own full, or in some
cases partial, copy of the database, referred to as a node, which
can be a physical device, a virtual machine or a software container.
Each node runs the relevant software to provide the infrastruc-
ture management and the relevant application, including the
ability to complete “smart contracts” that negotiate the direct
exchange of assets between participating nodes.
consensus
For a transaction to proceed, all nodes must verify a transaction
and agree its order on the ledger.
Doing so is termed “consensus”, which is necessary, for exam-
ple, to avoid double counting or overspending when it comes to
financial assets.
Consensus involves four steps, from the transaction being
initiated to it being committed on all nodes with a timestamp
InsIde blockchaIn and Its
varIous applIcatIons
Bob Tarzey explores the technology around
blockchain shaping how businesses use data
BUYER’S GUIDE TO BLOCKCHAIN | PART 2 OF 3
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computerweekly.com 17-23 September 2019 17
Home
News
How IT departments
can find different
ways to upskill in
the new economy
Travel company Clarity
bakes ThoughtSpot
search and AI functions
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Digital factory
approach signals a new
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Rail’s IT strategy
Editor’s comment
Buyer’s guide
to blockchain
Delivering cloud in the
financial services sector
How 5G will transform
your business
Downtime
providing a unique cryptographic signature. These steps can be
completed in seconds or minutes, depending on the technology.
Blockchains are distinguished from other distributed ledgers in
being updated by adding blocks of new transactions to create an
immutable tamper-proof log of sensitive activity.
The right to write blocks may require proof-of-work – which
can be time and resource intensive – the aim being to prevent, for
example, mass updates by bots.
Nomenclature has become confusing as the two terms, dis-
tributed ledger and blo ...
Despite the fact that the Web3 developer ecosystem is a small part of the greater online developer ecosystem, it appears to be rapidly increasing, so it makes sense to try to figure out what makes up the Web3 tech stack. This is the main reason why companies have started investing their time in it. As a result of which various Web3 Development Company
have emerged as per the changing trends in the market.
Much like any other business model, blockchain in telecom also should take the time to investigate how blockchain applications can disrupt the core and adjacent business operations and business functions of the telecom industry.
Blockchain can be used across the whole manufacturing industry to address all different types of projects and stakeholders. Its value to the manufacturing vertical is promising as Industry 4.0 continues to grow.
Despite the fact that the Web3 developer ecosystem is a small part of the greater online developer ecosystem, it appears to be rapidly increasing, so it makes sense to try to figure out what makes up the Web3 tech stack. This is the main reason why companies have started investing their time in it. As a result of which various Web3 Development Company
have emerged as per the changing trends in the market.
Much like any other business model, blockchain in telecom also should take the time to investigate how blockchain applications can disrupt the core and adjacent business operations and business functions of the telecom industry.
Blockchain can be used across the whole manufacturing industry to address all different types of projects and stakeholders. Its value to the manufacturing vertical is promising as Industry 4.0 continues to grow.
Blockchain technology has the potential to significantly enhance your business, and at Blocktech Brew, we specialize in harnessing this power to drive your success. Blockchain provides a rand tamper-proof system for storing and managing data. Blockchain technology can facilitate cost-effective peer-to-peer transactions and cross-border payments.
BEST BLOCKCHAIN DEVELOPMENT PLATFORMS TO WATCH OUT FOR IN 2023SSTech System
Blockchain is becoming a popular choice day by day. Blockchain emerged as a mainstream technology with tremendous growth. Above is a list of the top blockchain development platforms and blockchain-embedded ecosystems suitable for your business.
Read more: https://www.sstechsystem.com/blockchain-development-platforms/
The ERP of the Future : Blockchain of Things
Tinal Parikh
Department of Computer Science, Shri Chimanbhai Patel Post Graduate Institute of Computer Applications, Gujarat
Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
ABSTRACT
The surge of savvy advancements in all spaces of human action opens new opportunities for the improvement
of business forms. Things that appeared to be inconceivable 15-20 years back, for example, swift online
payments, e-banking and virtual cash, have turned into a piece of our regular day to day existence. Rising and
creating cryptographic forms of money give us significantly more potential outcomes. One of them is
Blockchain advancement, which authorizes clients towards profit related trades without commission charges.
We are toward the begin of enterprise resource planning (ERP) computerized change with the presentation of
blockchain innovation, best known as a digital ledger (distributed database) behind digital money. The
fundamental distinctive component of the innovation is the absence of a single centralized base for data storage.
All the data is distributed between interconnected blocks, which are joined into a chain utilizing complicated
algorithms. Each block stores its own snippet of data. New blocks can be added to the complete of this chain,
yet they can't be changed after including. This gives the most elevated amount of security and hack-protection.
The upright of blockchain was recognized early on, but like most innovation, it took a while for the more
extensive market to comprehend what a major jump forward it was in making a workable model of aggregate
system straightforwardness that encourages profound shared trust of a framework which has no 'proprietor.'
This is the reason dialogs of blockchain have made so much premium as of late in the money related world,
with calm voices now saying blockchain has turned into a 'major open door' for bookkeeping and finance.
Blockchain might be the free innovation that associates your item to the end client. Blockchain will encourage
the development of key information alongside the status of the shipment. Blockchain empowers quick, modest
and frictionless procedures within organisations, and between organisations and their partners, e.g. through
near real-time settlement, enhanced data sharing, reliable tracing of any record or other thing, moment
verifications of any piece of a procedure happening and less possibility of mistake and misrepresentation. The
industries that will profit by blockchain innovation include: land, fintech and banking, medicinal services,
transportation, urban arranging, smart energy, digital commerce and tourism.
Keywords : Blockchain, Technology, ERP, Cryptocurrencies, Enterprise Resource Planning
There's a lot of buzz around Blockchain, Is Blockchain the next” Big Thing" in the IT industry? It certainly looks to have a huge impact in finance, but it could also have far reaching effect in many other industries as well
Blockchain - a platform for Digital Transformation in FinanceBlockchain Worx
Propelled by new business models and opportunities to upgrade the existing legacy infrastructure, institutional interest in Blockchain technology continues to rapidly grow. From digital identity and asset tokenization to using smart contracts to automate business processes, Blockchain technology is swiftly establishing itself as a key enabler of the emerging digital finance environment.
The presentation outlines a strategy, an approach, and select considerations to help financial institutions harness the potential of Blockchain technology for Digital Transformation.
Over the last few years, enterprises have come to realize how blockchain, the technology that powers public networks such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, can be used to streamline their own business processes. However, they have also found that most existing blockchain protocols fail to meet several key enterprise requirements—including acceptable transaction throughput and latency, confidentiality, effective governance, and computational efficiency (i.e., the energy cost for mining/proof of work). Efforts to adapt existing public blockchain protocols or to create new protocols to meet these needs have generally traded one required enterprise attribute for another—such as improved confidentiality at the cost of greater complexity or lower performance.
The Coco Framework is an open-source system that enables high-scale, confidential blockchain networks that meet all key enterprise requirements—providing a means to accelerate production enterprise adoption of blockchain technology. Coco achieves this by re-evaluating existing assumptions for public blockchain protocols in the context of a confidential consortium, where nodes and actors (including voting members and other non-voting participants) are explicitly declared and controlled. Based on this new set of requirements, Coco brings together the power of existing blockchain protocols, trusted execution environments, distributed systems, and cryptography to enable enterprise-ready blockchain networks that deliver: • Throughput and latency approaching database speeds. • Richer, more flexible, business-specific confidentiality models. • Network policy management through distributed governance. • Support for non-deterministic transactions. • Reduced energy consumption.
Custom Blockchain App Development_ A Comprehensive Guide for 2024.pdfJPLoft Solutions
Blockchain technology is not an euphemism that has generated much interest in the field. It's a digital ledger that records secure transactions and the ability to be transparent. It makes records and transactions immune to cyber-attacks.
Option #2Researching a Leader Complete preliminary rese.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #2:
Researching a Leader
Complete preliminary research on the Internet and/or using online library databases. Compose a 1 PAGE summary of sources and an overview of each source.
Post any questions or comments about the content or requirements of the Portfolio Project to the questions thread in the Discussion Forum.
.
Option 1 ImperialismThe exploitation of colonial resources.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 1: Imperialism
The exploitation of colonial resources and indigenous labor was one of the key elements in the success of imperialism. Such exploitation was a result of the prevalent ethnocentrism of the time and was justified by the unscientific concept of social Darwinism, which praised the characteristics of white Europeans and inaccurately ascribed negative characteristics to indigenous peoples. A famous poem of the time by Rudyard Kipling, "White Man's Burden," called on imperial powers, and particularly the U.S., at whom the poem was directed, to take up the mission of civilizing these "savage" peoples.
Read the poem at the following link:
Link (website):
White Man's Burden (Links to an external site.)
(Rudyard Kipling)
After reading the poem, address the following in a case study analysis:
Select a specific part of the world (a country), and examine imperialism in that country. What was the relationship between the invading country and the native people? You can select from these examples or choose your own:
Belgium & Africa
Britain & India
Germany & Africa
France & Africa
Apply social Darwinism to this specific case.
Analyze the motivations of the invading country?
How did ethnocentrism manifest in their interactions?
How does Kipling's poem apply to your specific example? You can quote lines for comparison.
.
More Related Content
Similar to computerweekly.com 17-23 September 2019 16W hen people int.docx
Blockchain technology has the potential to significantly enhance your business, and at Blocktech Brew, we specialize in harnessing this power to drive your success. Blockchain provides a rand tamper-proof system for storing and managing data. Blockchain technology can facilitate cost-effective peer-to-peer transactions and cross-border payments.
BEST BLOCKCHAIN DEVELOPMENT PLATFORMS TO WATCH OUT FOR IN 2023SSTech System
Blockchain is becoming a popular choice day by day. Blockchain emerged as a mainstream technology with tremendous growth. Above is a list of the top blockchain development platforms and blockchain-embedded ecosystems suitable for your business.
Read more: https://www.sstechsystem.com/blockchain-development-platforms/
The ERP of the Future : Blockchain of Things
Tinal Parikh
Department of Computer Science, Shri Chimanbhai Patel Post Graduate Institute of Computer Applications, Gujarat
Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
ABSTRACT
The surge of savvy advancements in all spaces of human action opens new opportunities for the improvement
of business forms. Things that appeared to be inconceivable 15-20 years back, for example, swift online
payments, e-banking and virtual cash, have turned into a piece of our regular day to day existence. Rising and
creating cryptographic forms of money give us significantly more potential outcomes. One of them is
Blockchain advancement, which authorizes clients towards profit related trades without commission charges.
We are toward the begin of enterprise resource planning (ERP) computerized change with the presentation of
blockchain innovation, best known as a digital ledger (distributed database) behind digital money. The
fundamental distinctive component of the innovation is the absence of a single centralized base for data storage.
All the data is distributed between interconnected blocks, which are joined into a chain utilizing complicated
algorithms. Each block stores its own snippet of data. New blocks can be added to the complete of this chain,
yet they can't be changed after including. This gives the most elevated amount of security and hack-protection.
The upright of blockchain was recognized early on, but like most innovation, it took a while for the more
extensive market to comprehend what a major jump forward it was in making a workable model of aggregate
system straightforwardness that encourages profound shared trust of a framework which has no 'proprietor.'
This is the reason dialogs of blockchain have made so much premium as of late in the money related world,
with calm voices now saying blockchain has turned into a 'major open door' for bookkeeping and finance.
Blockchain might be the free innovation that associates your item to the end client. Blockchain will encourage
the development of key information alongside the status of the shipment. Blockchain empowers quick, modest
and frictionless procedures within organisations, and between organisations and their partners, e.g. through
near real-time settlement, enhanced data sharing, reliable tracing of any record or other thing, moment
verifications of any piece of a procedure happening and less possibility of mistake and misrepresentation. The
industries that will profit by blockchain innovation include: land, fintech and banking, medicinal services,
transportation, urban arranging, smart energy, digital commerce and tourism.
Keywords : Blockchain, Technology, ERP, Cryptocurrencies, Enterprise Resource Planning
There's a lot of buzz around Blockchain, Is Blockchain the next” Big Thing" in the IT industry? It certainly looks to have a huge impact in finance, but it could also have far reaching effect in many other industries as well
Blockchain - a platform for Digital Transformation in FinanceBlockchain Worx
Propelled by new business models and opportunities to upgrade the existing legacy infrastructure, institutional interest in Blockchain technology continues to rapidly grow. From digital identity and asset tokenization to using smart contracts to automate business processes, Blockchain technology is swiftly establishing itself as a key enabler of the emerging digital finance environment.
The presentation outlines a strategy, an approach, and select considerations to help financial institutions harness the potential of Blockchain technology for Digital Transformation.
Over the last few years, enterprises have come to realize how blockchain, the technology that powers public networks such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, can be used to streamline their own business processes. However, they have also found that most existing blockchain protocols fail to meet several key enterprise requirements—including acceptable transaction throughput and latency, confidentiality, effective governance, and computational efficiency (i.e., the energy cost for mining/proof of work). Efforts to adapt existing public blockchain protocols or to create new protocols to meet these needs have generally traded one required enterprise attribute for another—such as improved confidentiality at the cost of greater complexity or lower performance.
The Coco Framework is an open-source system that enables high-scale, confidential blockchain networks that meet all key enterprise requirements—providing a means to accelerate production enterprise adoption of blockchain technology. Coco achieves this by re-evaluating existing assumptions for public blockchain protocols in the context of a confidential consortium, where nodes and actors (including voting members and other non-voting participants) are explicitly declared and controlled. Based on this new set of requirements, Coco brings together the power of existing blockchain protocols, trusted execution environments, distributed systems, and cryptography to enable enterprise-ready blockchain networks that deliver: • Throughput and latency approaching database speeds. • Richer, more flexible, business-specific confidentiality models. • Network policy management through distributed governance. • Support for non-deterministic transactions. • Reduced energy consumption.
Custom Blockchain App Development_ A Comprehensive Guide for 2024.pdfJPLoft Solutions
Blockchain technology is not an euphemism that has generated much interest in the field. It's a digital ledger that records secure transactions and the ability to be transparent. It makes records and transactions immune to cyber-attacks.
Similar to computerweekly.com 17-23 September 2019 16W hen people int.docx (20)
Option #2Researching a Leader Complete preliminary rese.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #2:
Researching a Leader
Complete preliminary research on the Internet and/or using online library databases. Compose a 1 PAGE summary of sources and an overview of each source.
Post any questions or comments about the content or requirements of the Portfolio Project to the questions thread in the Discussion Forum.
.
Option 1 ImperialismThe exploitation of colonial resources.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 1: Imperialism
The exploitation of colonial resources and indigenous labor was one of the key elements in the success of imperialism. Such exploitation was a result of the prevalent ethnocentrism of the time and was justified by the unscientific concept of social Darwinism, which praised the characteristics of white Europeans and inaccurately ascribed negative characteristics to indigenous peoples. A famous poem of the time by Rudyard Kipling, "White Man's Burden," called on imperial powers, and particularly the U.S., at whom the poem was directed, to take up the mission of civilizing these "savage" peoples.
Read the poem at the following link:
Link (website):
White Man's Burden (Links to an external site.)
(Rudyard Kipling)
After reading the poem, address the following in a case study analysis:
Select a specific part of the world (a country), and examine imperialism in that country. What was the relationship between the invading country and the native people? You can select from these examples or choose your own:
Belgium & Africa
Britain & India
Germany & Africa
France & Africa
Apply social Darwinism to this specific case.
Analyze the motivations of the invading country?
How did ethnocentrism manifest in their interactions?
How does Kipling's poem apply to your specific example? You can quote lines for comparison.
.
Option Wireless LTD v. OpenPeak, Inc.Be sure to save an elec.docxmccormicknadine86
Option Wireless LTD v. OpenPeak, Inc.
Be sure to save an electronic copy of your answers before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading. Unless otherwise stated, you should answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English, spelling, and grammar. Sources must be cited in APA format.
Your response should be a minimum of four (4) double-spaced pages; refer to the Length and Formatting instructions below for additional details.
In complete sentences respond to the following prompts:
Summarize the facts of the case;
Identify the parties and explain each party’s position;
Outline the case’s procedural history including any appeals;
What is the legal issue in question in this case?
How did the court rule on the legal issue of this case?
What facts did the court find to be most important in making its decision?
Respond to the following questions:
Are there any situations in which it might be a good idea to include additional or different terms in the “acceptance” without making the acceptance expressly conditional on assent to the additional or different terms?
Under what conditions can a contract be formed by the parties’ conduct? Why wasn’t the conduct of the parties here used as the basis for a contract?
Do you agree or disagree with the court’s decision? Provide an explanation for your reasoning either agree or disagree.
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA CASE NO. 12-80165-CIV-MARRA
OPTION WIRELESS, LTD., an Irish limited liability company, Plaintiff, v. OPENPEAK, INC., a Delaware corporation, Defendant. ______________________________/
OPINION AND ORDER
THIS CAUSE is before the Court upon Plaintiff/Counter-Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss Defendant/Counter-Plaintiff’s Counterclaim (DE 6). Counter-Plaintiff OpenPeak Inc. filed its 1 Memorandum in Opposition (DE 8). Counter-Defendant Option Wireless, Ltd, replied. (DE 12). The Court has carefully considered the briefs ofthe parties and is otherwise fully advised in the premises. I. Introduction2 In July 2010, Counter-Plaintiff OpenPeak Inc. was producing a computer tablet product for AT&T. (DE 4 ¶ 5). Seeking embedded wireless data modules for the tablet, Counter-Plaintiff submitted a purchase order to Counter-Defendant Option Wireless, Ltd, for 12,300 units of the modules at the price of $848,700.00. (DE 4 ¶ 4). Section 9 of the purchase order, labeled “BUYER’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS,” provided that [a]ll purchase orders and sales are made only upon these terms and conditions and those on the front of this document. This document, and not any quotation, invoice, or other Seller document (which, if construed to be an offer is hereby rejected), will Option Wireless, Ltd. v. OpenPeak, Inc. Doc. 19 Dockets.Justia.com 2 be deemed an offer or an appropriate counter-offer and is a rejection of any other terms or conditions. Seller, byaccepting any orders or deliverin.
Option A Land SharkWhen is a shark just a shark Consider the.docxmccormicknadine86
Option A: Land Shark
When is a shark just a shark? Consider the movie
Jaws
. What could the shark symbolize in our culture, society, or collective human mythology other than a man-eating fish? Why? Support your answer.
Next, think about a theatrical staging of
Jaws
. Describe the artistic choices you would make to bring
Jaws
the movie to Broadway. What genre would you choose? Describe at least three other elements of production and how you would approach them in your staging of
Jaws
as a stage play or musical.
Create
a response to these concepts in one of the following formats:
350- to 700-word paper
Apply
appropriate APA formatting.
.
Option 3 Discuss your thoughts on drugs and deviance. Do you think .docxmccormicknadine86
Option 3: Discuss your thoughts on drugs and deviance. Do you think using drugs is deviant behavior? Why do you think alcohol and tobacco are legal drugs and their use is not considered deviant when they are addictive, physically harmful, and socially disruptive?
No quotes or references needed.
.
OPTION 2 Can we make the changes we need to make After the pandemi.docxmccormicknadine86
OPTION 2: Can we make the changes we need to make? After the pandemic, we are in a time of significant upheaval and transition. We are all more keenly aware that economic shifts and transformations can happen suddenly and dramatically. As the World shut itself down in March 2020, it makes us all aware that we can change behavior globally and as a matter of will. In the U.S., people began to quarantine themselves ahead of government action more often than as a result of government mandates. Write a cohesive 1-2 page single-spaced document that answers the following questions.
2a. Reflecting on the profound changes we have all seen in the past year, how does that change your views regarding what might be possible with regard to energy use, carbon reductions, or other major transformations that might be needed to impact the type of climate change Earth has been experiencing.
2b. Reflect on the type of transformations that would be involved to address global warming. Now that you have seen the recent major transformations, does this make you believe that global warming threats can prompt the type of major economic and industrial changes needed to reduce the impacts that have been anticipated with increasing climate changes?
2c. What are the "experts" saying about the possibility of these transformations in light of what they have seen during the pandemic? Are researchers more or less optimistic about our global ability to reduce green house gases and control climate change after seeing the impact of the pandemic? Be sure to include REFERENCES both at the end of the text and in the text, like (Author, year)
.
Option 1 You will create a PowerPoint (or equivalent) of your p.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 1: You will create a PowerPoint (or equivalent) of your presentation and add voice over.
Option 2: If you are unable to add voice over to your PowerPoint, you will create a PowerPoint (or equivalent) of your presentation. Next, you will use
Screencast-o-
Matic
(or a similar program) to create a video recording of your screen and voice as your present the information. Third, you will upload the video presentation to
YouTube
so your instructor can view it. If you choose this option, you will submit your article as well as the PowerPoint (or equivalent) file and the link to the YouTube presentation to complete this assignment.
Guidelines:
The presentation must include both audio (your voice explaining the information) and visual (PowerPoint presentation including text and/or images). Videos should not be used within the presentation.
The presentation should include the following three aspects:
An overview of your specific topic and its importance and application in current society. Include historical information as appropriate to understand your topic.
Identification, discussion, and
critical evaluation
of the most frequently used assessment instruments related to your topic. Include the typical settings and purposes for which assessment instruments are used.
Discussion of the ethical, cultural, and societal issues concerning the use of psychological tests and assessment as related to your topic.
The presentation must be 15 minutes long (no more than 20).
The presentation must include information from at least 10 scholarly sources (if used, the course textbook does not count as one of these 10 sources).
APA style citations should be used within the presentation. A reference section (in APA style) should appear at the end of the presentation.
Resources:
.
Option A Description of Dance StylesSelect two styles of danc.docxmccormicknadine86
Option A: Description of Dance Styles
Select
two styles of dance, such as ballet, modern dance, or folk dance.
Describe
each style of dance, and
include
the following:
History and development of the style
Discussion of your understanding of the use of line, form, repetition, and rhythm in each piece
Description of what the movements of both styles communicate to you in terms of mood
Description of how artistic choice can affect the viewer in the selected style
Submit
your assignment in one of the following formats:
700- to 1,050-word paper
.
Option #2Provide several slides that explain the key section.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #2
Provide several slides that explain the key sections of your strategy you will use in the final Portfolio Project. Provide section headers and a brief description of each.
FINAL PROJECT GUIDE
In a 6- to 10-page paper, as the local Union President, design a managing union handbook for union relationship building and a process that favors union employees as well as identifying key components of the bargaining process that can easily be sold to your union members. Apply theory and design systems and policies throughout your work covering:
Contextual factors (historical and legislative) that have impacted and still impact the union environment;
policies that create a more sustainable union model;
management strategy for union collective bargaining that includes: innovative wage, benefit, and non-wage factors; and
employee engagement and involvement strategies that take into consideration the diverse and changing labor force.
.
Option 2 Slavery vs. Indentured ServitudeExplain how and wh.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 2: Slavery vs. Indentured Servitude
Explain how and why slavery developed in the American colonies.
Describe in what ways the practice of slavery was different between each colonial region in British North America.
Analyze the differences between slaves and indentured servants.
Writing Requirements (APA format)
Length: 1-2 pages (not including title page or references page)
Use standard essay writing process by including an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
1-inch margins
Double spaced
12-point Times New Roman font
Title page
References page (minimum of 1 scholarly source)
No abstract is required
In-text citations that correspond with your end references
.
Option 2 ArtSelect any 2 of works of art about the Holocaus.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 2: Art
Select any 2 of works of art about the Holocaust. You can select from the following list or conduct additional research on Holocaust art. Make sure to get approval from your instructor if you are selecting something not on the list. Click on the link to see the list:
Link: List of Artists/Artworks
Write an analysis of each artwork, including the following information:
Identify the title, artist, date completed, and medium used.
Explain the content of the artwork - what do the images show?
How does the artwork relate to the bigger picture of the Holocaust?
How effective is the artwork in relating the Holocaust to viewers?
LIST OF ARTISTS AND ARTWORK
Morris Kestelman:
Lama Sabachthani [Why Have You Forsaken Me?]
George Mayer-Marton:
Women with Boudlers
Bill Spira:
Prisoners Carrying Cement
Jan Hartman:
Death March (Czechowice-Bielsko, January 1945)
Edgar Ainsworth:
Belsen
Leslie Cole:
One of the Death Pits, Belsen. SS Guards Collecting Bodies
Doris Zinkeisen:
Human Laundry, Belsen: April 1945
Eric Taylor:
A Young Boy from Belsen Concentration Camp
Mary Kessell:
Notes from Belsen Camp
Edith Birkin:
The Death Cart - Lodz Ghetto
Shmuel Dresner:
Benjamin
Roman Halter:
Mother with Babies
Leo Breuer:
Path Between the Barracks, Gurs Camp
Leo (Lev) Haas:
Transport Arrival, Theresienstadt Ghetto
Jacob Lipschitz:
Beaten (My Brother Gedalyahu)
Norbert Troller:
Terezin
Anselm Kiefer:
Sternenfall
.
Option #1 Stanford University Prison Experiment Causality, C.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #1:
Stanford University Prison Experiment: Causality, Controlling Patterns, and Growth Mode
Revisit Philip Zimbardo's (1971) Stanford University Prison Experiment. Analyze the experiment in terms of causality, controlling patterns, and its growth mode.
What lessons can be learned from this experiment that can be generalized to business social systems, such as organizational design/organizational structures?
Your well-written paper should meet the following requirements:
· Be 5 pages in length.
· Be formatted according to APA
· Include at least five scholarly or peer-reviewed articles
· Include a title page, section headers, introduction, conclusion, and references page.
Reference:
Revisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment: a Lesson in the Power of Situation
~~~~~~~~
BY THE 1970s, psychologists had done a series of studies establishing the social power of groups. They showed, for example, that groups of strangers could persuade people to believe statements that were obviously false. Psychologists had also found that research participants were often willing to obey authority figures even when doing so violated their personal beliefs. The Yale studies by Stanley Milgram in 1963 demonstrated that a majority of ordinary citizens would continually shock an innocent man, even up to near-lethal levels, if commanded to do so by someone acting as an authority. The "authority" figure in this case was merely a high-school biology teacher who wore a lab coat and acted in an official manner. The majority of people shocked their victims over and over again despite increasingly desperate pleas to stop.
In my own work, I wanted to explore the fictional notion from William Golding's Lord of the Flies about the power of anonymity to unleash violent behavior. In one experiment from 1969, female students who were made to feel anonymous and given permission for aggression became significantly more hostile than students with their identities intact. Those and a host of other social-psychological studies were showing that human nature was more pliable than previously imagined and more responsive to situational pressures than we cared to acknowledge. In sum, these studies challenged the sacrosanct view that inner determinants of behavior--personality traits, morality, and religious upbringing--directed good people down righteous paths.
Missing from the body of social-science research at the time was the direct confrontation of good versus evil, of good people pitted against the forces inherent in bad situations. It was evident from everyday life that smart people made dumb decisions when they were engaged in mindless groupthink, as in the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion by the smart guys in President John F. Kennedy's cabinet. It was also clear that smart people surrounding President Richard M. Nixon, like Henry A. Kissinger and Robert S. McNamara, escalated the Vietnam War when they knew, and later admitted, it was not winnable. They were .
Option A Gender CrimesCriminal acts occur against individu.docxmccormicknadine86
Option A: Gender Crimes
Criminal acts occur against individuals because of gender – some of these are labeled as hate crimes in the U.S. (consider cases of violence against transgendered and homosexual individuals) and others occur across cultures. Choose two other types of “gender crimes” and discuss what these acts reveal about deep-seated cultural values and beliefs. One possibility is to examine bride burning or dowry death in India.
Submit a paper (750-1250 words) that explores gender crimes. Provide at least three references cited within the text and listed in the references section.
.
opic 4 Discussion Question 1 May students express religious bel.docxmccormicknadine86
opic 4: Discussion Question 1
May students express religious beliefs in class discussion or assignments or engage in prayer in the classroom? What are some limitations? Support your position with examples from case law, the U.S. Constitution, or other readings.
Topic 4: Discussion Question 2
Do all student-led religious groups have an absolute right to meet at K-12 schools? If not, discuss one limitation under the Equal Access Act. May a teacher be a sponsor of the club? Can the teacher participate in its activities? Why or why not? Support your position with examples from case law, the U.S. Constitution, or other readings.
.
Option 1Choose a philosopher who interests you. Research that p.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 1:
Choose a philosopher who interests you. Research that philosopher, detailing how they developed their ideas and the importance of those ideas to the progress of philosophy and human understanding. Keep in mind that you should be focusing on their philosophy, not simply their biography, although some basic details of their life not related to philosophy may be needed, especially when it involves experiences that influenced their thinking.
Option 2:
Look at a specific Philosophical movement. Explain the ideas important to that movement (such as existentialism and positivism) and the influence they had. I am pretty flexible on what you can do with this one, so if you have an idea, don’t hesitate to ask!
Requirements
The typed body of your paper must be a minimum of 1500 words.
It should be typed, 12 point, double spaced. A minimum of three sources must be used,
.
Option #1The Stanford University Prison Experiment Structu.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #1:
The Stanford University Prison Experiment: Structure, Behavior, and Results
Philip Zimbardo’s Stanford University Prison Experiment could be described as a system whose systemic properties enabled the behaviors of the system's actors, leading to disturbing results.
Analyze the situation. What were the key elements of the system? How did the system operate? Why did the participants behave as they did? What lessons can be learned from this experiment about systems in relation to management?
Your well-written paper should meet the following requirements:
Be six pages in length.
Be formatted according to the APA
Include at least seven scholarly or peer-reviewed articles.
Include a title page, section headers, introduction, conclusion, and references page.
Reference:
Zimbardo, P. G. (2007).
Revisiting the Stanford prison experiment: A lesson in the power of situation (Links to an external site.)
.
Chronicle of Higher Education, 53(
30), B6.
BY THE 1970s, psychologists had done a series of studies establishing the social power of groups. They showed, for example, that groups of strangers could persuade people to believe statements that were obviously false. Psychologists had also found that research participants were often willing to obey authority figures even when doing so violated their personal beliefs. The Yale studies by Stanley Milgram in 1963 demonstrated that a majority of ordinary citizens would continually shock an innocent man, even up to near-lethal levels, if commanded to do so by someone acting as an authority. The "authority" figure in this case was merely a high-school biology teacher who wore a lab coat and acted in an official manner. The majority of people shocked their victims over and over again despite increasingly desperate pleas to stop.
In my own work, I wanted to explore the fictional notion from William Golding's Lord of the Flies about the power of anonymity to unleash violent behavior. In one experiment from 1969, female students who were made to feel anonymous and given permission for aggression became significantly more hostile than students with their identities intact. Those and a host of other social-psychological studies were showing that human nature was more pliable than previously imagined and more responsive to situational pressures than we cared to acknowledge. In sum, these studies challenged the sacrosanct view that inner determinants of behavior--personality traits, morality, and religious upbringing--directed good people down righteous paths.
Missing from the body of social-science research at the time was the direct confrontation of good versus evil, of good people pitted against the forces inherent in bad situations. It was evident from everyday life that smart people made dumb decisions when they were engaged in mindless groupthink, as in the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion by the smart guys in President John F. Kennedy's cabinet. It was also clear that smart people su.
Open the file (Undergrad Reqt_Individual In-Depth Case Study) for in.docxmccormicknadine86
Open the file (Undergrad Reqt_Individual In-Depth Case Study) for instruction which is
blue highlighted
and I already
highlighted yellow
for the section that you need to answer which is
SECTION 2.
I
uploaded 2 articles that you need to read to answer the questions
and Pay attention to (Individual In-Depth Case Study Rubric).
.
onsider whether you think means-tested programs, such as the Tem.docxmccormicknadine86
onsider whether you think means-tested programs, such as the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and Supplemental Security Income (SSI), create dependency among its recipients. Then, think about how the potential perception of dependency might contribute to the stigma surrounding welfare programs. Finally, reflect on the perceptions you might have regarding individuals who receive means-tested welfare and how that perception might affect your work with clients.
By Day 4
Post
an explanation of whether means-tested programs (TANF, SNAP, and SSI) create dependency. Then, explain how the potential perception of dependency might contribute to the stigma surrounding welfare programs. Finally, explain the perceptions you have regarding people who receive means-tested welfare and how that perception might affect your work with clients.
Support your post with specific references to the resources. Be sure to provide full APA citations for
.
Operations security - PPT should cover below questions (chapter 1 to 6)
Compare & Contrast access control in relations to risk, threat and vulnerability.
Research and discuss how different auditing and monitoring techniques are used to identify & protect the system against network attacks.
Explain the relationship between access control and its impact on CIA (maintaining network confidentiality, integrity and availability).
Describe access control and its level of importance within operations security.
Argue the need for organizations to implement access controls in relations to maintaining confidentiality, integrity and availability (e.g., Is it a risky practice to store customer information for repeat visits?)
Describe the necessary components within an organization's access control metric.
Power Point Presentation
7 - 10 slides total (
does not include title or summary slide
)
Try using the 6×6 rule to keep your content concise and clean looking. The 6×6 rule means a maximum of six bullet points per slide and six words per bullet point
Keep the colors simple
Use charts where applicable
Use notes section of slide
Include transitions
Include use of graphics / animations
.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
computerweekly.com 17-23 September 2019 16W hen people int.docx
1. computerweekly.com 17-23 September 2019 16
W hen people interact with each other, for example via financial
transactions, sharing legal docu-ments or trading through supply
chains, they need a high level of confidence that the data
recording their interaction is accurate and true.
A distributed ledger makes it possible to build applications
where multiple parties can execute transactions online without
the need to trust a central authority or indeed each other.
Over the past few years, the number of use cases for distributed
ledgers, and their more specialised form, blockchains, has been
increasing, as has the technology to support the underlying
infra-
structure and build applications on top of it.
With a distributed ledger, every user has their own full, or in
some
cases partial, copy of the database, referred to as a node, which
can be a physical device, a virtual machine or a software
container.
Each node runs the relevant software to provide the infrastruc-
ture management and the relevant application, including the
ability to complete “smart contracts” that negotiate the direct
exchange of assets between participating nodes.
consensus
For a transaction to proceed, all nodes must verify a transaction
and agree its order on the ledger.
2. Doing so is termed “consensus”, which is necessary, for exam-
ple, to avoid double counting or overspending when it comes to
financial assets.
Consensus involves four steps, from the transaction being
initiated to it being committed on all nodes with a timestamp
InsIde blockchaIn and Its
varIous applIcatIons
Bob Tarzey explores the technology around
blockchain shaping how businesses use data
BUYER’S GUIDE TO BLOCKCHAIN | PART 2 OF 3
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providing a unique cryptographic signature. These steps can be
completed in seconds or minutes, depending on the technology.
Blockchains are distinguished from other distributed ledgers in
being updated by adding blocks of new transactions to create an
immutable tamper-proof log of sensitive activity.
The right to write blocks may require proof-of-work – which
can be time and resource intensive – the aim being to prevent,
for
example, mass updates by bots.
Nomenclature has become confusing as the two terms, dis-
tributed ledger and blockchain, have been used interchangeably,
with the latter prevailing, being punchier and, perhaps,
sounding
more contemporary.
public or private
Blockchains can either be public or private and require permis-
sion to update or not. Use cases range from international money
transfers, managing shareholder records and legal contracts to
recording the provenance of gemstones and the condition of
goods in transport.
To date, the most high-profile use of blockchain has been to
oper-
5. ate cryptocurrencies, a way of exchanging and storing value
online
independent of central banks. From this has involved initial
coin
offerings (ICO), a way of using cryptocurrencies as an
alternative
to initial public offerings (IPO) for companies to raise capital.
With the oldest and highest profile blockchain application,
bitcoin, it can take many minutes for consensus to be reached,
which is why the cryptocurrency has a reputation for poor
perfor-
mance and scalability. It is also criticised for the datacentre
power
it consumes in a process called mining, the form of proof-of-
work,
rewarded with bitcoins, used to add new blocks of transactions
to
the bitcoin blockchain.
As the use of blockchains has extended to other use cases, the
aim has been to overcome these deficiencies.
Different approaches are enabled through frameworks which
provide the basic architecture, protocol and network support.
Frameworks simplify the development, deployment and sup-
port of applications that access a given blockchain. There are
several blockchain frameworks which compete and/or address
different requirements.
Frameworks
The most widely used is Ethereum, an open source public block-
chain framework. The first implementations were in 2015, but it
is
6. already thought to account for 80% of blockchain-based
projects.
Ethereum suits highly distributed requirements where the
transparency of data to all users is important – for example, a
customer loyalty network where retailers need to independently
verify a user’s activity to provide benefits.
Ethereum was the first platform to enable full-fledged smart
contracts, which, for example, makes it quick and easy to
launch
ICOs. Ethereum is also the name of a cryptocurrency based on
the platform.
The Linux Foundation’s Hyperledger Fabric is an open source
enterprise private blockchain framework suited to applications
that require privacy and permission controls with a known set
of members – for example, a financial application where certain
BUYER’S GUIDE
http://www.computerweekly.com
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officially-unveils-cryptocurrency-plans
https://searchbusinessanalytics.techtarget.com/news/252469508/
ThoughtSpot-BI-platform-gets-financial-boost-IPO-may-be-near
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Ethereum
https://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/feature/Hyperledg
er-Fabric-offers-path-to-enterprise-blockchain-future
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Travel company Clarity
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Rail’s IT strategy
Editor’s comment
Buyer’s guide
to blockchain
Delivering cloud in the
financial services sector
How 5G will transform
your business
Downtime
trade-related data is only shared with select banks. In effect, it
is
a hub for the open development of blockchains for solving cor-
porate tasks.
The project started in 2015 and has more than 100 participating
companies which pay a membership fee, starting at $50,000 per
8. annum, enabling them to contribute software code to the
project.
Waves is an open source blockchain platform created by a
Russian company specifically for launching ICOs; a distant sec-
ond to Ethereum for doing this. It includes a decentralised
trading
exchange. Ripple is an open source platform used as an
international
currency exchange for both cryptocurrencies and fiat currencies.
It
is designed to allow fast and cheap international transactions.
The NEM Foundation’s platform claims the scalability and per-
formance to suit a range of use cases, including financial pay-
ments, cryptocurrencies, equity markets and escrow services,
using a consensus algorithm called proof-of-importance that
provides privileges to participants with the best reputations.
smart contract platForm
EOS is a smart contract platform and decentralised operating
system intended for the deployment of industrial-scale appli-
cations. It aims to eliminate transaction fees and be highly
scalable. R3’s Corda operates smart contracts, within the Java
Virtual Machine, and is aimed at financial institutions. Iota is
BUYER’S GUIDE
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an open source distributed ledger, customised to work with
internet of things (IoT) applications providing feeless micro-
transactions. JP Morgan’s Quorum is Ethereum-based, claiming
enterprise scalability and the ability to limit access to transac-
tion history, while providing maximum transparency.
blockcHain as a service
Quorum has recently been selected by Microsoft as the first
supported framework for its managed Azure Blockchain
Service.
The aim of such managed, blockchain-as-a-service offerings is
to avoid self-hosting of blockchain infrastructure, eliminating
the
need to provision hardware, configure software and set up net-
working and security components, as well as ease the develop-
ment of applications on top of one or more frameworks.
The Microsoft Azure Blockchain Service was launched earlier
in 2019, on top of earlier releases of a blockchain development
kit and workbench. It integrates with Microsoft’s Active
Directory
and Visual Studio, as well as a range of open source tools.
The Amazon Managed Blockchain was launched in December
11. 2018 and supports both Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum.
Amazon Web Services (AWS) claims it enables the rapid
creation
of new blockchain networks that can span multiple AWS
accounts,
that can automatically scale to meet the demands of thousands
of
applications. It monitors the network and automatically replaces
poorly performing nodes assigning processing power and mem-
ory flexibly, as would be expected on a managed platform.
The launch of the service means AWS now competes with some
of its platform partners, such as ConsenSys’s Kaleido.
The IBM Blockchain Platform, launched in 2017, is based on
Hyper Ledger. It can be run on-premise or as a cloud service on
a
customer-chosen platform and includes a set of security services
suited to the requirements of enterprise customers. Oracle also
released a blockchain platform based on Hyperledger Fabric in
February 2019.
specialist requirements
Alongside some of the IT industry’s biggest names, many
smaller, niche players are coming to market to serve specialist
requirements and applications relating to blockchain.
Gospel Technology is a private permissioned blockchain aimed
at safe data sharing. Use cases include human resources systems
and pharmaceutical testing. To this end, it provides consensus
on
reads, as well as writes, ensuring that it is opaque about data,
but
open about who has accessed it.
Because Gospel is focusing on content as much as transactions,
12. the data volumes involved can be high, so network nodes can
store
a subset of the data relevant to their needs. This also means it
can
make use of Byzantine fault tolerance, meaning it can continue
to
operate even if the status of certain nodes is unknown.
Gospel has just launched a version on the Google Cloud
Platform, however, customers can use other platforms such as
AWS or Azure.
Modum is a Switzerland-based company currently operating
mainly in Germany – with global plans. It partners with AWS
and
SAP. Its offering aims to automate, integrate and digitise supply
chains, the initial focus market being pharmaceuticals.
BUYER’S GUIDE
http://www.computerweekly.com
https://searchdatabackup.techtarget.com/feature/Quorum-OnQ-
40
https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252465018/AWS-skills-
collaboration-gives-rise-to-two-year-pre-university-cloud-
qualification
https://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/essentialguide/A-
Google-cloud-services-guide-for-the-enterprise
https://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/essentialguide/A-
Google-cloud-services-guide-for-the-enterprise
computerweekly.com 17-23 September 2019 20
Home
13. News
How IT departments
can find different
ways to upskill in
the new economy
Travel company Clarity
bakes ThoughtSpot
search and AI functions
into analytics tool
Digital factory
approach signals a new
departure for Network
Rail’s IT strategy
Editor’s comment
Buyer’s guide
to blockchain
Delivering cloud in the
financial services sector
How 5G will transform
your business
Downtime
Modum provides an IoT-type device with a data logger to be
included with transported goods to monitor environmental con-
ditions, such as temperature and humidity to prove compliance
with good distribution practices.
The data collected can be immutably secured in a blockchain
14. and shared with stakeholders to add a layer of trust.
Fraud prevention
Tomia specialises in fraud prevention, traffic optimisation and
roaming insights for mobile carriers. It provides real-time
analyt-
ics and recently announced a partnership with Microsoft, KPMG
and R3 to provide a blockchain-based system to optimise
dispute
management and help resolve billing and settlement disputes.
Quant Network’s Overledger is a blockchain operating sys-
tem providing the ability for applications to interact with mul-
tiple blockchains.
The need for many-to-many relationships between applications
and databases is not new: it was one that had to be addressed in
the 1980s and 1990s with the rising use of relational databases.
Standards were introduced and the market consolidated. This
is what will happen in the world of blockchains. Furthermore,
blockchain is not a panacea: it will never suit many applications
where central control, extremely high speed or the mass storage
of unstructured data are required.
Blockchain merely provides another choice in the range of
database options available. n
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individual use.
Annotated Reading Assignment Format:
Title
Author – Provide some source information for each entry. The
obvious info provided could be the title of the source and the
author. Present the title of articles in quotes, “On Education”,
and longer works (books, documentaries) in italics, Super Size
Me.
Thesis or Main Point (1 to 2 sentences– Identify the main point
of the article. This may be done by identifying and restating a
specific sentence of two that you think represents the thesis.
Sometimes a thesis isn’t directly stated. After reading a text, the
thesis can be “identified” by contemplating what you think the
16. author’s main purpose was in writing the essay and creating
your own statement of it.
Supporting Ideas (list of 4-6 items)– After identifying the main
point (thesis), it is then important to list ideas from the text that
support it. You can present support points as a list. These will
be specific ideas or examples from the text that help “prove” the
thesis.
My Reaction (short paragraph, 5-7 sentences) – In a typical
English or Literature course, your reaction to the events and
ideas presented in a text serve as the foundation of class
discussion and for essays. Practice reacting to the readings by
expressing what you thought about the text. Did you like/dislike
it? Why? Do you agree or disagree with ideas being presented?
Why? Work on identifying specific points from a text that you
think are strong/weak and be able to explain why you feel this
way.
Questions I Have (list, ~3) – Anything from a reading that is
unclear to you should be listed here. It is very important that
you become comfortable identifying things that don’t make
sense and then addressing them with your teachers. Keep in
mind that even the most talented readers or students will find
things in a text that will cause them confusion and will require
further clarification.
Title:
Authors:
Source:
17. Document Type:
Subject Terms:
Abstract:
Author Affiliations:
Full Text Word Count:
ISSN:
Accession Number:
Database:
Record: 1
Blockchain beyond the hype: What is the strategic business
value?
Carson, Brant
Romanelli, Giulio
Walsh, Patricia
Zhumaev, Askhat
McKinsey Quarterly. 2018, Issue 4, p118-127. 10p. 1 Color
Photograph, 1 Diagram.
Article
*BLOCKCHAINS
*DECENTRALIZATION in management
*TRANSPARENCY in organizations
*BUSINESS models
*COST control
18. *STRATEGIC planning
The authors discuss their study on the strategic business
value of blockchain to major industries. They described a
structured approach that companies can follow to examine
blockchain strategies. The core advantages of blockchain are
decentralization, cryptographic security, transparency, and
immutability. It is said that the value of blockchain will shift
from driving cost reduction to enabling entirely new business
models and revenue streams.
Partner, McKinsey's Sydney office
Associate partner, Melbourne office
Consultant, Melbourne office.
2881
0047-5394
133693412
Business Source Premier
Blockchain beyond the hype: What is the strategic business
value?
Blockchain can generate meaningful value for many companies.
The key is figuring out what
strategy makes sense, given your customers' pain points and
your company's market
position
Blockchain is all the rage. Bitcoin-the first and most infamous
application of the technology-has
grabbed headlines for its rocketing price and volatility.
Predictions such as the World Economic
19. 1
2
3
3
1
2
3
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Forum survey suggesting that 10 percent of global GDP will be
stored on blockchain by 2027 have
inspired government task forces, breathless press reports, and a
multitude of conversations at
Davos and in corporate conference rooms.[ 1]
Tellingly, large investments are being made. Last year, venture
capitalists put more than $1 billion
into blockchain start-ups.[ 2] Initial coin offerings (ICOs), the
blockchain-backed sale of
cryptocurrency tokens in a new venture, raised $5 billion in
2017. Leading technology players are
putting money and people into blockchain: IBM has invested
$200 million and more than 1,000
employees in the blockchain-powered Internet of Things (IoT).[
20. 3]
Yet the fact remains that blockchain is an immature technology
with a nascent market and no clear
recipe for success. No wonder many corporate leaders are
asking themselves a lot of questions. Is
blockchain a disruptive threat? Is it a fad? Most importantly,
can blockchain have strategic value for
my company?
To help answer these questions, we embarked on an industry-
by-industry analysis of existing
blockchain strategies, interviewing a range of experts including
the executives overseeing these
efforts at a number of companies. We evaluated the strategic
importance of blockchain to major
industries and identified who can capture what type of value
through what type of approach. Our
research led us to three key insights on the strategic value of
blockchain:
• Blockchain does not have to be a disintermediator to generate
value.
• Blockchain's short-term value will be predominantly in
reducing cost.
• Commercially viable blockchain solutions deployed at scale
are three to five years away for most
companies.
In this article, we'll explain how we arrived at these insights
and we'll describe a structured approach
companies can follow to evaluate blockchain strategies. Some
organizations may discover ways to
extract value from blockchain in the short term. Dominant
21. companies may discover even more: if
they are willing to invest now to establish their blockchains as
market solutions, they can cement
their leadership and forestall the incursion of disruptive digital
natives.
WHAT IS BLOCKCHAIN?
Blockchain is not synonymous with Bitcoin, which is just one
cryptocurrency application that uses it.
Blockchain is a distributed ledger, or database, shared across a
public or private computing network.
Each computer node in the network holds a copy of the ledger,
so there is no single point of failure.
Every piece of information is mathematically encrypted and
added as a new "block" to the chain of
historical records. Various consensus protocols are used to
validate a new block with other
participants before it can be added to the chain. This prevents
fraud or double spending without
requiring a central authority. The ledger can also be
programmed with "smart contracts," a set of
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conditions recorded on the blockchain, so that transactions
automatically trigger when the conditions
are met. For example, smart contracts could be used to automate
insurance-claim payouts.
Blockchain's core advantages are decentralization,
cryptographic security, transparency, and
22. immutability. It allows information to be verified and value to
be exchanged without having to rely on
a third-party authority. Rather than there being a singular form
of blockchain, the technology can be
configured in multiple ways to meet the objectives and
commercial requirements of a particular use
case. Indeed, our research focused on more than 90 discrete use
cases of varying maturity for
blockchain across industries. To clarify this variety of
applications, we structured use cases into six
categories across blockchain's two fundamental functions:
record keeping and transacting. Some
industries have applications across multiple categories, while
others concentrate on one or two.
Blockchain's disruptive potential lies partly in its technology,
which eliminates the need for an entity
to be in charge of managing, storing, and funding a database. A
public blockchain, such as Bitcoin,
has no central authority. This peer-to-peer model can become
commercially viable due to
blockchain's ability to compensate participants' contributions
with "tokens" (application-specific
cryptoassets), as well as with a stake in any future increases in
the value. As a result, public
blockchains can foster total disruptive disintermediation.
However, as we explain in the following
section, smart incumbent companies willing to engage with
blockchain now can use the technology
to prevent disintermediation.
THREE BLOCKCHAIN TRUTHS TO HELP SHAPE YOUR
STRATEGY
Incumbents looking to defend against disintermediation-or to go
on the offensive themselves-should
start by understanding three key insights.
23. 'Permissioned' blockchains generate value and ward off
disintermediation
The commercial model that is most likely to succeed in the
short term is a different kind of
blockchain, a "permissioned" one, with controlled access and
editing rights (exhibit). In this model,
participants can benefit from securely sharing data while
automating control of what is shared, with
whom, and when. Equipped with meaningful transparency and
fraud controls, these permissioned
blockchains help existing companies reduce the complexity and
cost of multiparty transactions. It's a
way for incumbents to harness blockchain rather than be
overtaken by it. Dominant players can
maintain their positions as central authorities or join forces with
other industry players to capture and
share value.
Permissioned blockchains allow companies to develop
distinctive value propositions in commercial
confidence, with small-scale experimentation preceding scaled
executions. At the Australian
Securities Exchange, for example, a blockchain system is being
deployed for equities clearing to
reduce back-office reconciliation work for its member brokers.[
4] IBM and Maersk Line, the world's
largest shipping company, are working together to create a
blockchain platform that would provide
traders with a secure, real-time exchange of supply-chain data
and paperwork.[ 5]
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24. The potential for blockchain to become a new open-standard
protocol for use cases such as trusted
records, identity, and transactions offers incumbents a powerful
safeguard against disintermediation.
Industry players greatly reduce the aperture for radical new
entrants by learning to extract value
from blockchain, especially if that value benefits customers.
The degree to which incumbents adapt
and integrate blockchain technology will determine its
disruptive force in their industry.
In the short term, blockchain's strategic value is mainly in cost
reduction
Initially, blockchain will drive operational efficiencies. It takes
cost out of existing processes by
removing intermediaries and rationalizing administrative
processes such as record keeping and
transaction reconciliation. In the cases we analyzed,
approximately 70 percent of the value at stake
in the short term was in cost reduction.
Certain industries' fundamental functions are inherently more
suited to blockchain solutions. The
core functions of financial-services firms, for example, such as
verifying and transferring financial
information and assets, align closely with blockchain's core
transformative impact. This explains why
approximately 90 percent of major Australian, European, and
North American banks are already
experimenting or investing in blockchain. Governments, too,
can reap considerable savings by
putting key record-keeping and verifying functions onto
blockchain infrastructure. From birth
25. certificates to taxes, blockchain-based records and smart
contracts can simplify interactions with
citizens and increase data security. More than 25 governments
are actively running blockchain pilots
supported by start-ups. In healthcare, blockchain applications
could unlock the value of data
availability and exchange for providers, patients, insurers, and
researchers. Blockchain-based
healthcare records can improve administrative efficiency and
give researchers access to the
historical, patient-identity-protected data sets crucial for
advancements in medical research.
Significant, scaled commercial applications are likely three to
five years away
Over time, the value of blockchain will shift from driving cost
reduction to enabling entirely new
business models and revenue streams. One promising use case is
the creation of a distributed,
secure digital identity. This could be helpful for individuals and
lucrative for companies, which could
customize services to people who grant them access in ways we
can't imagine now. But these kinds
of new businesses are more of a long-term possibility than a
nearterm reality. Why? Because time is
needed for four key factors to mature: standards and
regulations, technology, asset digitization, and
ecosystem.
Common standards must be developed. The lack of common
standards and clear regulations can
be a major limitation on the scalability of blockchain
applications. When cooperation between
multiple players is necessary, establishing such standards is as
complex as it is critical. Industry
consortia, such as the 70-bank group that collaborated to
26. develop the financial-grade open-source
Corda blockchain platform, will be needed to establish common
standards. That kind of work is time-
consuming.
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Thankfully, regulators are generally engaged rather than
opposed or unaware. The US Securities
and Exchange Commission, for example, is bringing ICOs under
the agency's regulation and into
the mainstream.[ 6]
Technology must advance. The immaturity of blockchain
technology is a major concern for
companies today. Organizations need a trusted enterprise
solution, particularly because they may
not realize the cost benefits of blockchain until their old
systems are decommissioned. Currently, few
startups have sufficient credibility, technology stability, or
industry expertise for government or
industry deployment at scale. Major technology players are
positioning themselves to address this
gap with blockchain-as-a-service (BaaS) offerings in a model
similar to cloud-based storage.
Assets must be digitally connected. Assets such as equities,
which are digitally recorded and
transacted, can be simply managed end to end on a blockchain
system or integrated through
application programming interfaces (APIs) with existing
27. systems. However, connecting and securing
physical goods to a blockchain requires enabling technologies
like IoT and biometrics. This
connection can be a vulnerability in the security of a blockchain
ledger.[ 7] While the blockchain
record might be immutable, the physical item or IoT sensor can
be tampered with. Certifying the
chain of custody of commodities such as grain or milk, for
example, would require a tagging system
like radio-frequency identification, which could increase
assurance even if it couldn't deliver absolute
provenance.
The coopetition paradox must be resolved. Blockchains become
more valuable with more
participants, but they also become more complex to coordinate.
For example, a blockchain solution
for digital media, licenses, and royalty payments requires
massive coordination among producers
and consumers of digital content. Resolving this paradox of
natural competitors having to cooperate
is the toughest of these four factors. The issue is not identifying
the network-or even getting initial
buy-in-but agreeing on the governance decisions around how the
system, data, and investment will
be led and managed. The strategic incentives of the players
must be aligned, a task that can be
particularly difficult in highly fragmented markets. Overcoming
this issue often requires a sponsor,
such as a regulator or industry body, to take the lead.
A STRUCTURED WAY TO DEVELOP BLOCKCHAIN
STRATEGY
Fear of missing out on a new technology sometimes leads
companies to develop solutions to
problems that don't exist. We believe companies can avoid this
28. trap through a structured approach
to blockchain.
First, identify and skeptically assess a specific use case that can
create value. Most companies can
find use cases by taking a close look at the pain points affecting
their industry and their customers.
Companies can decide whether these cases are feasible by
considering a variety of factors, such as
its capability to design a blockchain solution, technology and
asset constraints, and the potential for
passing on benefits and savings to customers. If a use case does
not meet a minimum level of
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feasibility and potential return, then companies should avoid
launching a project just to "be in the
game."
Companies that have identified a promising use case, however,
will move on to the second part of
our structured approach: understanding how their market
position will impact that target use case.
Part of blockchain's value comes from its network effects and
interoperability, and all parties need to
agree on a common standard to realize this value- multiple
siloed blockchains provide little
advantage over multiple siloed databases. As the technology
develops, a market standard will
29. emerge and investments into the nondominant standard will be
wasted. Coordination with other
industry players is critical. That's why a company's market
dominance, or lack thereof, affects its
ability to influence other key players in the industry and to help
shape standardization and regulatory
barriers. Here's how market position shapes blockchain strategy.
Leaders: Build on existing strengths
Leaders are dominant players in industries with few
requirements for coordination and regulatory
approval. These companies should pursue use cases now. They
have the potential to create
solutions that can solidify their market position and set industry
standards. The greatest risk for
these companies is inaction, which could open a competitive
window for disruptors.
Change Healthcare is an example of a company taking
advantage of its market leadership. One of
the largest independent healthcare IT companies in the United
States, it launched an enterprise-
scale healthcare blockchain for claims processing and payment.[
8]
Conveners: Shape standards to gain an edge
Conveners are dominant players who cannot single-handedly
direct blockchain adoption, since they
operate in industries with considerable regulatory and
standardization barriers. Conveners need to
drive the conversations and consortia that will shape the new
standards poised to disrupt their
current businesses. Then they can position themselves to shape
and capture the value of new
blockchain standards.
30. Convening tactics should be deployed for high-value use cases,
such as trade finance, that cannot
be realized without a broadly shared set of standards. An
example of a convener following this
strategy is Toyota, whose Research Institute set up the
Blockchain Mobility Consortium with four
global partners to focus on blockchain solutions for critical
accelerators of autonomous vehicles:
data sharing, peer-to-peer transaction, and usagebased
insurance.[ 9]
Followers: Stay informed and be ready to move fast
Most companies are followers, in the sense that they lack the
power to influence all necessary
parties, especially when applications of blockchain require high
standardization or regulatory
approval. But followers cannot afford to ignore blockchain.
They must be informed about market
innovations, keeping a close watch on blockchain developments.
They should also be prepared to
move fast to adopt emerging standards. Just as businesses have
developed risk and legal
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frameworks for adopting cloudbased services, companies should
focus on developing a strategy for
how they will implement and deploy blockchain technology.
Followership is risky, given the ability of dominant players to
establish private-permissioned
31. networks. A follower, no matter how fast, may find itself locked
out of the exclusive club that
establishes the initial proof of concept. Companies can mitigate
this risk by joining select existing
and emerging consortia early. The short-term investment costs
of membership are often outweighed
by the long-term costs of getting left behind.
Attackers: Leverage their market leadership
Attackers are often new market entrants without an existing
market share to protect, armed with
disruptive or transformative business models and blockchain
solutions. Attackers offer a service
intended to disintermediate existing players. Most peer-to-peer
applications, from finance to
insurance to property, fall into this category. A good example of
an attacker is Australian start-up
Power Ledger, a peer-to-peer marketplace for renewable energy
that raised 34 million Australian
dollars through its ICO.[10] Sometimes, companies pursuing an
attacker strategy will try to partner
with a dominant company in the market to leverage their
leadership influence.
Incumbents can deploy an attacker's blockchain strategy in a
separate, noncore digital business.
Blockchain-as-a-service (BaaS) providers, for example, often
adopt an attack strategy when they try
to sell services into industries where they currently do not
participate.
Blockchain has strategic value for many companies. In the short
term, the technology can reduce
costs without disintermediation, and in the long run it can
create new business models. Existing
digital infrastructure and the growth of BaaS offerings have
32. lowered the costs of experimentation.
However, a variety of fundamental factors limit the scalability
of many use cases and extend the
amount of time needed for return on investment on proof of
concepts.
Assessing these factors with pragmatic skepticism about the
scale of impact and speed to market
will help reveal the correct strategic approach on where and
how companies can extract value in the
short term. Dominant players, however, have an enormous
opportunity to establish their blockchain
as the market solution. They should be making those moves
now.
1 Deep shift: Technology tipping points and societal impact,
World Economic Forum, September
2015, weforum.org.
2" Blockchain startups absorbed 5X more capital via ICOs than
equity financings in 2017," CB
Insights, January 2018, cbinsights.com.
3 " IBM invests to lead global Internet of Things market-shows
accelerated client adoption," IBM,
October 2016, ibm.com.
4"ASX selects distributed ledger technology to replace
CHESS," ASX, December 2017.
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33. 5" Maersk and IBM to form joint venture applying blockchain
to improve global trade and digitize
supply chains," IBM, January 2018, ibm.com.
6 Jay Clayton, "Statement on cryptocurrencies and initial coin
offerings," U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission, December 2017, sec.gov.
7 To be sure, blockchain does not eliminate the possibility of
fraudulent data being written to the
database, which could in turn be used to substantiate the
existence of fraudulent assets.
8 "Change Healthcare announces general availability of first
enterprise-scale blockchain solution for
healthcare," Change Healthcare, January 2018,
changehealthcare.com.
9 "Toyota Research Institute explores blockchain technology for
development of new mobility
ecosystem," Toyota, May 2017, toyota.com.
"Power Ledger token generation event closes with A$34million
raised," Power Ledger, October
2017, web.powerledger.io.
DIAGRAM: Exhibit. Private, permissioned blockchain
architecture offers a way to optimize network
openness and scalability. Blockchain-architecture options
PHOTO (COLOR)
~~~~~~~~
By Brant Carson; Giulio Romanelli; Patricia Walsh and Askhat
Zhumaev
34. Copyright of McKinsey Quarterly is the property of McKinsey
& Company, Inc. and its content may
not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv
without the copyright holder's
express written permission. However, users may print,
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