The document discusses MIDI files as a communications protocol for electronic musical instruments, detailing their structure and advantages over audio files like MP3s. It contrasts lossy compression, which permanently removes data, with lossless compression, which retains all original data upon decompression. The document outlines the implications of both methods in different applications, highlighting file formats like JPEG for lossy and GIF for lossless compression.

1. COMPUTER
SCIENCE
Project by: Dua, Ibrahim
Qazmi, Minhal, Sunesh and
Arsalan

2. MIDI FILES
 Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) Is essentially a
communications protocol that allows electronic musical
instruments to interact with each other.
 A MIDI file consists of a list of commands that instruct a device
(e.g, an electronic organ)how to produce a particular musical note
or sound.
 Each MIDI command has a specific sequence of bytes. The first
being the status byte, this informs which function to perform, then
two other bytes are required.
 A Pitch Byte, which tells the MIDI device which note to play and
Velocity Byte, which tells the device how loud to play the note.
 MIDI messages are saved in a file which is recognized by the file
extension .mid.
 As they don’t contain any audio track their size is much smaller
than a MP3 file.

3. Lossy files
Lossy compression reduces a file by permanently
eliminating certain information, especially redundant
information. When the file is uncompressed, only a part
of the original information is still there (although the user
may not notice it).
Lossy compression is generally used for video and
sound, where a certain amount of information loss will
not be detected by most users.
The JPEG image file, commonly used for photographs
and other complex still images on the Web, is an image
that has lossy compression.

4. Lossless Files
 With lossless compression, every single bit of data
that was originally in the file remains after the file is
uncompressed. All of the information is completely
restored.
 This is generally the technique of choice for text or
spreadsheet files, where losing words or financial
data could pose a problem.
 The Graphics Interchange File (GIF) is an image
format used on the Web that provides lossless
compression.