Compute the inflation rate for each year 1993-201 2 and determine
which were years of inflation. ln which years did deflation occuP ln
which years did disinflation occur? Was tirere hyperinflation in any yeaf
* (Sources of tnflation)Usingthe concepts of aggregate supply and ag-
gregate demand, explain why inflation usually increases during wartime.
s. (nftatiln and lnterest Rates) Using a demand-supply diagram
for loanable funds (like the exhibit below), show what happens
to the nominal interest rate and the equilibrium quantity of loans
when both bonowers and lenders increase their estimates of the
expected inflation rate from 5 percent to 1 0 percent.
The Market for Loanable Funds
Loanable funds per period
7-4 Explain how unanticipated inflation harms
some individuals and harms the economy
as a whole
10, (AnticipatedVersus Unanticipated lnflation) lf actual inflation ex-
ceeds anticipated inflation, who will lose purchasing power and who
will gain? How does unanticipated inflation harm the economy?
GHAPTER 8
8-1 Describe how we measure labor
productivity, and explain why is it
important for a nation's standard of living
(Measuring Labor Productivily) How do we measure labor productivitf
How do changes in labor productivity affect the U.S. standard of living?
(Growth and the PPF) Use the production possibilities frontier (PPD
to demonstrate economic growth.
a. With consumption goods on one axis and capital goods on the
other, show how the combination of goods selected this period
affects the PPF in the next period.
b. Extend this comparison by choosing a different point on this
period's PPF and determining whether that combination leads to
more or less growth over the next period.
(Shifts in the PPflferrorist attacks foster instability and may affect
productivity over the short and long term. Do you think the
September 1 l, 2001, terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center
and the Pentagon affected short- and/or longterm productivity in
the United States? Explain your response and show any move-
ments in the PPF.
o
o
o
o
o
.Ei
o
c
c
oz
33O PROBLEMS APPENDIX
8-2 Summarize the history of U.S.labor
productivity changes since World War II
and explain why these changes matter
(Labor Productivity) ldentify at least four definable periods of labor
productivity growth beginning right after World War ll. During which
periods was productivity growth lowest and why? (Refer to Exhibit 6
inthe chapter.)
(Long-Term Productivity Growfhl Suppose that two nations start
out in 201 3 with identical levels of output per work hour-say,
$100 per hour. ln the first nation, labor productivity grows by
1 percent per year. ln the second, it grows by 2 percent per
year. Use a calculator or a spreadsheet to determine how much
output per hour each nation will be producing 20 years later, as-
suming that labor productivity growth rates do not change. Then,
determine how much eacll will be producing per hour 100 years
later. What.
Chapter 1 57.What is the difference between recession and de.docxsleeperharwell
Chapter 1
57.
What is the difference between recession and depression in an economy? Provide an example of depression from the real world that has hit the global economy.
Use the following to answer question 58:
Answer: When there is a mild fall in the gross domestic product (GDP) of an economy over a period of time it leads to recession in the economy. If the intensity of the fall in GDP is severe over a period of time, then it turns into a depression. Recession is cyclic in nature; that is, it repeats itself over a period of time in an economy. A famous example of depression is that of the Great Depression of the 1930s that occurred in the United States and affected the global economy. Even the financial crisis of 2008-2009 in the United States was very much reminiscent of the Great Depression.
58.
Refer to the following graph and identify the years for which Country A and Country B experienced recession.
Country A experienced its recession during 2003 and its early recovery during 2004. Country B experienced its first recession during 2002 and its early recovery in 2003. Country B experienced a second recession in 2007.
59.
Why do we call macroeconomics an imperfect science? Explain.
The study of macroeconomics depends mainly upon the historical data on different economies. Macroeconomists analyze these data to explain changes occurring in different economic parameters (income, prices, unemployment, etc.) and formulate policies. Additionally, macroeconomic studies cannot be conducted in controlled experiments, as in biology or chemistry, for example. In this way, macroeconomists are similar to weather forecasters.
60.
Are the terms “market clearing” and “equilibrium” one and the same? Explain.
Yes, both terms represent the same notion: the balance between supply and demand. It is the balancing point at which everything that is produced gets sold and fulfills the entire demand. Thus, if all other things remain constant, then there is no tendency to change the quantity supplied and demanded at this point.
61.
Do you agree with the statement, “macroeconomics rests on the foundation of microeconomics”? Explain.
Macroeconomics involves studying the aggregate of economic variables related to individual decision making parameters, which are microeconomic (think of individuals' expenses, investments, etc.). That is to say, the total expenditure in an economy is the aggregate (sum) of all the expenditures done by all consumers in that economy, or the total investment done in an economy is the aggregate (sum) of all individual investments done by firms in that economy. This reflects that macroeconomic study rests on the foundation of microeconomics.
62.
Give two examples of macroeconomic variables and microeconomic variables.
The income of your father is a microeconomic variable, while the gross domestic product (GDP) of your country is a macroeconomic variable. The money your father saves in the bank is a microeconomic va.
ECN211 Chapter 8 Worksheet – UnemploymentSection 8.1– How the Un.docxSALU18
ECN211 Chapter 8 Worksheet – Unemployment
Section 8.1– How the Unemployment Rate is Defined and Computed
1. Give examples of those individuals in the population who are not interested in working, and thus are considered out of the labor force.
2. Who is considered part of the labor force?
3. Give the formula for calculating the unemployment rate. Consider Table 8.1. What was the unemployment rate in February 2015 (or the date presented in your text)? How does that compare to the current unemployment rate?
4. Give two examples of those who are the hidden unemployed.
5. Give the formula for calculating the labor force participation rate. Consider Table 8.1 What was the labor force participation rate in February 2015 (or the date presented in your text)? How does that compare to the current labor force participation rate i?
6. What is the difference between the unemployment rate and labor force participation rate?
7. How is US unemployment data collected?
8. What are some criticisms of the way the unemployment rate is measured?
Section 8.2– Patterns of Unemployment
9. Describe the historical pattern of US Unemployment (Figure 8.3). What tends to be the range of unemployment rates over time?
10. Describe the differences in unemployment rates by sex, age, and by race and ethnicity (Figure 8.4).
11. Analyze the reasons for reported unemployment and the length of time unemployed (Tables 8.2 and 8.3).
12. Describe trends in US unemployment relative to other high income countries. Why is it more difficult to compare unemployment rates between rich countries and developing (poorer) countries?
Section 8.3– What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Short Run
13. Define cyclical unemployment, and describe how the presence of it challenges the presumption of efficient labor markets (i.e., wages return to equilibrium quickly and all workers supplied are demanded, leaving a 0% unemployment rate).
14. Why might wages be sticky downwards? Describe the various arguments for why this may be:
a. Implicit contract
b. Efficiency wage theory
c. Adverse selection of wage cuts argument
d. Insider-outsider model
e. Relative wage coordination argument
15. Graph the impact of a labor market experiencing a surplus and sticky wages downwards. Should we expect wages to fall and thus more employers to hire?
Section 8.4– What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Long Run
16. Describe what is meant by the natural unemployment rate.
17. Contrast frictional unemployment from structural unemployment, and how together they determine the natural unemployment rate.
18. Relate the natural unemployment rate with the idea of potential real GDP.
19. How could changes in labor productivity levels, and corresponding increases in wages, lead to unemployment? What will need to happen to productivity to solve the labor surplus (Figure 8.8)?
20. How can public policy impact the natural rate of unemployment?
21 ...
ECON 301 Intermediate MacroSpring 2019 Problem Set #1Du.docxtidwellveronique
ECON 301: Intermediate Macro
Spring 2019 Problem Set #1
Due: Monday, April 22, 10:30 AM
Directions: Put the names of up to 3 group members at the top of this page.
Please clearly mark each of your answers to the multiple choice questions
in capital letters in the spaces provided below. Please mark your solutions
(preferably typed) to each of the short answer questions on separate sheets
of paper (with clean edges if using notebook paper) and staple or paper
clip your solutions to the multiple choice answer sheet. Hand it in (one per
group) on or before the due date during class time.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
SECTION 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Based on your understanding of the aggregate expenditure model, we know with certainty
that an equal and simultaneous increase in G and T will cause:
(a) an increase in output
(b) no change in output
(c) a reduction in output
(d) an increase in investment
(e) a decrease in investment
For the following two questions, suppose an economy produces only milk and butter. As-
sume that all production is consumed in each year, and that price and quantity data are given
in the tables below.
Year 1
Good Quantity Price
Milk 500 $2
Butter 2000 $1
Year 2
Good Quantity Price
Milk 900 $3
Butter 3000 $2
2. (Refer to the above tables) Between Year 1 and Year 2, real GDP (based on Year 1 as a base
year) grew by
(a) 58.18%
(b) 158.18%
(c) 160%
(d) 60%
(e) 260%
3. (Refer to the above tables) Between Year 1 and Year 2, the GDP deflator (based on Year 1
as a base year) rose
(a) 81.25%
(b) 90%
(c) 190%
(d) 83.33
(e) 183.33%
ECON 301: Intermediate Macro Problem Set #1 1
4. Which of the following generally occurs when a central bank pursues expansionary monetary
policy?
(a) the central bank purchases bonds and the interest rate increases
(b) the central bank purchases bonds and the interest rate decreases
(c) the central bank sells bonds and the interest rate increases
(d) the central bank sells bonds and the interest rate decreases
(e) an increase in the reserve requirement ratio
5. The marginal propensity to consume represents
(a) the level of consumption that occurs if disposable income is zero.
(b) the ratio of total consumption to disposable income.
(c) total income minus total taxes.
(d) the change in output caused by a one-unit change in autonomous demand.
(e) the change in consumption caused by a one-unit change in disposable income.
6. Suppose a one-year discount bond offers to pay $1000 in one year and currently has a 15%
interest rate. Given this information, we know that the bond’s price must be approximately:
(a) $870
(b) $1150
(c) $850
(d) $950
(e) $985
7. Equilibrium in the goods market requires that
(a) production equals income.
(b) production equals demand.
(c) consumption equals saving.
(d) consumption equals income.
(e) government spending equals taxes minus transfers.
8. The LM curve shifts down when which of the following occurs.
1Practice with simple calculations related to Fiscal Polic.docxeugeniadean34240
1
Practice with simple calculations related to Fiscal Policy:
Question 1: According to Paul Krugman, the complex multiplier for the United States is about equal to 2. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 earmarked $787B in deficit spending, of which $330.4B was spent in 2009. (Total government deficits for 2009 were $1251.7B.) The increase in nominal GDP from 2009 to 2010 was $541.2B (3.8%). If we assume that this growth resulted from the ARRA stimulus package, what was the implied multiplier associated with the stimulus package?
Question 2: Look at disposable income, personal consumption and personal savings. What was the personal savings rate in the United States in 2011? (Use savings/disposable income, i.e. Average Propensity to Save.)
Question 3: What proportion of GDP was our federal government sector in 2010? (Divide federal government spending by GDP.) Per dollar of government spending, how much government spending was financed by government debt (negative savings) in 2010 at the federal level? (Divide negative federal government savings by federal government expenditure.)
Question 41: One popularly reported statistic for national economies is the Debt/GDP ratio. Total US Federal Debt in 2010 was $13.562 Trillion. What was our Debt/GDP ratio in 2010?
Question 5: Refer to Graph Set #2, the first picture entitled “Eurostat News Release.” How does the EU compare in the size of its public sector? (What percentage of GDP is government spending?) Are its government deficits larger or smaller than those of the US as a percentage of GDP in 2009?
Question 6: Government stimulus can take the form of increased spending or reduced taxes, or both. It creates government debt in both cases, but that debt affects the larger economy by different pathways. Can you answer each the following questions in one short sentence?
· The government increases spending without increasing taxes, and a deficit is generated:
· Where does the money to finance the deficit come from?
· How does this affect affordable credit for Investment and Consumption?
· How does it affect National Incomes? Who is the government paying money to when they make an expenditure?
· The government decreases taxes without decreasing spending, and a deficit is generated:
· Where does the money to finance the deficit come from?
· How does this affect affordable credit for Investment and Consumption?
· How does it affect personal savings rates (if personal taxes are lower)? How does it affect business savings rates, i.e. retained earnings, if profits taxes are lowered? How does it affect the cost of borrowed funds for businesses?
Monte-Carlo Option Pricing
This exercise uses observation that an option price can be calculated as a discounted risk-neutral expectation.
Context
This observation suggests that we could value an option by sampling many thousands, say, of possible asset prices, at , calculating the payoffs, taking their expected value and discounting th.
Final Exam Essay QuestionsNotice that unless specifically in.docxssuser454af01
Final Exam Essay Questions
Notice that unless specifically instructed, you will not be required to use graphs to answer these questions. You may find it helpful though.
International Trade
1. Suppose that two countries (US and Cuba) conform to the assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin model and initially do not trade with each other. Only two products are produced—textiles are labor intensive while steel is capital intensive. Cuba has relatively more labor than does the US. Labor and capital are mobile between industries.
A. Explain which products each country should export and why. [That is, do not just say that Cuba has a comparative advantage in good X—you must explain why it has a comparative advantage.]
B. What would be the expected effect of opening trade on wages and returns to capital in Cuba in the long run? Explain.
2. a. For the policies below, note a small country’s imposition of the policy will increase (+), decrease (-), or have an unclear effect (?) on the variables listed vertically. (Please note, you do not have to explain; just note the direction of change.) Assume that transfers among domestic citizens have no effect on welfare.
Tariff Export subsidy Import quota Export tax
Domestic price
Domestic consumer surplus
Domestic producer surplus
Government revenue
Net national welfare
If any of the effects are unclear, provide a brief explanation.
b. For each, explain the nature of any deadweight losses in detail, i.e. compare the costs of domestic production and consumer benefits with the reduced or expanded trade.
3. Suppose the assumptions of the Ricardian model apply. Let LA = country A's endowment of labor =100 units; LB = country B's endowment of labor = 100 units. The unit labor coefficients for the two countries for good S and C are:
aLc = 2L/c, aLs = 10L/s; bLc = 10L/c, bLs = 1L/s.
a. What is the opportunity cost for C in each country? Provide specific numbers (i.e. number of S per C).
b. Explain which country has the absolute advantage in each good.
c. Explain which country as the comparative advantage in each good.
d. What is the range of potential relative prices for mutually beneficial trade? Provide specific numbers (i.e. number of C per S).
e. For one particular possible trading price, show the PPF for both countries and the relevant post-trade national income (presuming full specialization).
4. Illustrate and explain how the US (a large country in international oil markets) can benefit from imposing a tariff on petroleum. Which group or groups ultimately pay for the tariff? What are the major drawbacks for a country pursuing this policy? How would consumers of petroleum in Europe be affected by the tariff?
5. Illustrate and explain how a Australia (a large country in the international iron ore markets) can benefit from imposing an export tax on iron. Which group or groups ultimately pay for the export tax? What are the major drawbacks for a country pu ...
Chapter 1 57.What is the difference between recession and de.docxsleeperharwell
Chapter 1
57.
What is the difference between recession and depression in an economy? Provide an example of depression from the real world that has hit the global economy.
Use the following to answer question 58:
Answer: When there is a mild fall in the gross domestic product (GDP) of an economy over a period of time it leads to recession in the economy. If the intensity of the fall in GDP is severe over a period of time, then it turns into a depression. Recession is cyclic in nature; that is, it repeats itself over a period of time in an economy. A famous example of depression is that of the Great Depression of the 1930s that occurred in the United States and affected the global economy. Even the financial crisis of 2008-2009 in the United States was very much reminiscent of the Great Depression.
58.
Refer to the following graph and identify the years for which Country A and Country B experienced recession.
Country A experienced its recession during 2003 and its early recovery during 2004. Country B experienced its first recession during 2002 and its early recovery in 2003. Country B experienced a second recession in 2007.
59.
Why do we call macroeconomics an imperfect science? Explain.
The study of macroeconomics depends mainly upon the historical data on different economies. Macroeconomists analyze these data to explain changes occurring in different economic parameters (income, prices, unemployment, etc.) and formulate policies. Additionally, macroeconomic studies cannot be conducted in controlled experiments, as in biology or chemistry, for example. In this way, macroeconomists are similar to weather forecasters.
60.
Are the terms “market clearing” and “equilibrium” one and the same? Explain.
Yes, both terms represent the same notion: the balance between supply and demand. It is the balancing point at which everything that is produced gets sold and fulfills the entire demand. Thus, if all other things remain constant, then there is no tendency to change the quantity supplied and demanded at this point.
61.
Do you agree with the statement, “macroeconomics rests on the foundation of microeconomics”? Explain.
Macroeconomics involves studying the aggregate of economic variables related to individual decision making parameters, which are microeconomic (think of individuals' expenses, investments, etc.). That is to say, the total expenditure in an economy is the aggregate (sum) of all the expenditures done by all consumers in that economy, or the total investment done in an economy is the aggregate (sum) of all individual investments done by firms in that economy. This reflects that macroeconomic study rests on the foundation of microeconomics.
62.
Give two examples of macroeconomic variables and microeconomic variables.
The income of your father is a microeconomic variable, while the gross domestic product (GDP) of your country is a macroeconomic variable. The money your father saves in the bank is a microeconomic va.
ECN211 Chapter 8 Worksheet – UnemploymentSection 8.1– How the Un.docxSALU18
ECN211 Chapter 8 Worksheet – Unemployment
Section 8.1– How the Unemployment Rate is Defined and Computed
1. Give examples of those individuals in the population who are not interested in working, and thus are considered out of the labor force.
2. Who is considered part of the labor force?
3. Give the formula for calculating the unemployment rate. Consider Table 8.1. What was the unemployment rate in February 2015 (or the date presented in your text)? How does that compare to the current unemployment rate?
4. Give two examples of those who are the hidden unemployed.
5. Give the formula for calculating the labor force participation rate. Consider Table 8.1 What was the labor force participation rate in February 2015 (or the date presented in your text)? How does that compare to the current labor force participation rate i?
6. What is the difference between the unemployment rate and labor force participation rate?
7. How is US unemployment data collected?
8. What are some criticisms of the way the unemployment rate is measured?
Section 8.2– Patterns of Unemployment
9. Describe the historical pattern of US Unemployment (Figure 8.3). What tends to be the range of unemployment rates over time?
10. Describe the differences in unemployment rates by sex, age, and by race and ethnicity (Figure 8.4).
11. Analyze the reasons for reported unemployment and the length of time unemployed (Tables 8.2 and 8.3).
12. Describe trends in US unemployment relative to other high income countries. Why is it more difficult to compare unemployment rates between rich countries and developing (poorer) countries?
Section 8.3– What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Short Run
13. Define cyclical unemployment, and describe how the presence of it challenges the presumption of efficient labor markets (i.e., wages return to equilibrium quickly and all workers supplied are demanded, leaving a 0% unemployment rate).
14. Why might wages be sticky downwards? Describe the various arguments for why this may be:
a. Implicit contract
b. Efficiency wage theory
c. Adverse selection of wage cuts argument
d. Insider-outsider model
e. Relative wage coordination argument
15. Graph the impact of a labor market experiencing a surplus and sticky wages downwards. Should we expect wages to fall and thus more employers to hire?
Section 8.4– What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Long Run
16. Describe what is meant by the natural unemployment rate.
17. Contrast frictional unemployment from structural unemployment, and how together they determine the natural unemployment rate.
18. Relate the natural unemployment rate with the idea of potential real GDP.
19. How could changes in labor productivity levels, and corresponding increases in wages, lead to unemployment? What will need to happen to productivity to solve the labor surplus (Figure 8.8)?
20. How can public policy impact the natural rate of unemployment?
21 ...
ECON 301 Intermediate MacroSpring 2019 Problem Set #1Du.docxtidwellveronique
ECON 301: Intermediate Macro
Spring 2019 Problem Set #1
Due: Monday, April 22, 10:30 AM
Directions: Put the names of up to 3 group members at the top of this page.
Please clearly mark each of your answers to the multiple choice questions
in capital letters in the spaces provided below. Please mark your solutions
(preferably typed) to each of the short answer questions on separate sheets
of paper (with clean edges if using notebook paper) and staple or paper
clip your solutions to the multiple choice answer sheet. Hand it in (one per
group) on or before the due date during class time.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
SECTION 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Based on your understanding of the aggregate expenditure model, we know with certainty
that an equal and simultaneous increase in G and T will cause:
(a) an increase in output
(b) no change in output
(c) a reduction in output
(d) an increase in investment
(e) a decrease in investment
For the following two questions, suppose an economy produces only milk and butter. As-
sume that all production is consumed in each year, and that price and quantity data are given
in the tables below.
Year 1
Good Quantity Price
Milk 500 $2
Butter 2000 $1
Year 2
Good Quantity Price
Milk 900 $3
Butter 3000 $2
2. (Refer to the above tables) Between Year 1 and Year 2, real GDP (based on Year 1 as a base
year) grew by
(a) 58.18%
(b) 158.18%
(c) 160%
(d) 60%
(e) 260%
3. (Refer to the above tables) Between Year 1 and Year 2, the GDP deflator (based on Year 1
as a base year) rose
(a) 81.25%
(b) 90%
(c) 190%
(d) 83.33
(e) 183.33%
ECON 301: Intermediate Macro Problem Set #1 1
4. Which of the following generally occurs when a central bank pursues expansionary monetary
policy?
(a) the central bank purchases bonds and the interest rate increases
(b) the central bank purchases bonds and the interest rate decreases
(c) the central bank sells bonds and the interest rate increases
(d) the central bank sells bonds and the interest rate decreases
(e) an increase in the reserve requirement ratio
5. The marginal propensity to consume represents
(a) the level of consumption that occurs if disposable income is zero.
(b) the ratio of total consumption to disposable income.
(c) total income minus total taxes.
(d) the change in output caused by a one-unit change in autonomous demand.
(e) the change in consumption caused by a one-unit change in disposable income.
6. Suppose a one-year discount bond offers to pay $1000 in one year and currently has a 15%
interest rate. Given this information, we know that the bond’s price must be approximately:
(a) $870
(b) $1150
(c) $850
(d) $950
(e) $985
7. Equilibrium in the goods market requires that
(a) production equals income.
(b) production equals demand.
(c) consumption equals saving.
(d) consumption equals income.
(e) government spending equals taxes minus transfers.
8. The LM curve shifts down when which of the following occurs.
1Practice with simple calculations related to Fiscal Polic.docxeugeniadean34240
1
Practice with simple calculations related to Fiscal Policy:
Question 1: According to Paul Krugman, the complex multiplier for the United States is about equal to 2. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 earmarked $787B in deficit spending, of which $330.4B was spent in 2009. (Total government deficits for 2009 were $1251.7B.) The increase in nominal GDP from 2009 to 2010 was $541.2B (3.8%). If we assume that this growth resulted from the ARRA stimulus package, what was the implied multiplier associated with the stimulus package?
Question 2: Look at disposable income, personal consumption and personal savings. What was the personal savings rate in the United States in 2011? (Use savings/disposable income, i.e. Average Propensity to Save.)
Question 3: What proportion of GDP was our federal government sector in 2010? (Divide federal government spending by GDP.) Per dollar of government spending, how much government spending was financed by government debt (negative savings) in 2010 at the federal level? (Divide negative federal government savings by federal government expenditure.)
Question 41: One popularly reported statistic for national economies is the Debt/GDP ratio. Total US Federal Debt in 2010 was $13.562 Trillion. What was our Debt/GDP ratio in 2010?
Question 5: Refer to Graph Set #2, the first picture entitled “Eurostat News Release.” How does the EU compare in the size of its public sector? (What percentage of GDP is government spending?) Are its government deficits larger or smaller than those of the US as a percentage of GDP in 2009?
Question 6: Government stimulus can take the form of increased spending or reduced taxes, or both. It creates government debt in both cases, but that debt affects the larger economy by different pathways. Can you answer each the following questions in one short sentence?
· The government increases spending without increasing taxes, and a deficit is generated:
· Where does the money to finance the deficit come from?
· How does this affect affordable credit for Investment and Consumption?
· How does it affect National Incomes? Who is the government paying money to when they make an expenditure?
· The government decreases taxes without decreasing spending, and a deficit is generated:
· Where does the money to finance the deficit come from?
· How does this affect affordable credit for Investment and Consumption?
· How does it affect personal savings rates (if personal taxes are lower)? How does it affect business savings rates, i.e. retained earnings, if profits taxes are lowered? How does it affect the cost of borrowed funds for businesses?
Monte-Carlo Option Pricing
This exercise uses observation that an option price can be calculated as a discounted risk-neutral expectation.
Context
This observation suggests that we could value an option by sampling many thousands, say, of possible asset prices, at , calculating the payoffs, taking their expected value and discounting th.
Final Exam Essay QuestionsNotice that unless specifically in.docxssuser454af01
Final Exam Essay Questions
Notice that unless specifically instructed, you will not be required to use graphs to answer these questions. You may find it helpful though.
International Trade
1. Suppose that two countries (US and Cuba) conform to the assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin model and initially do not trade with each other. Only two products are produced—textiles are labor intensive while steel is capital intensive. Cuba has relatively more labor than does the US. Labor and capital are mobile between industries.
A. Explain which products each country should export and why. [That is, do not just say that Cuba has a comparative advantage in good X—you must explain why it has a comparative advantage.]
B. What would be the expected effect of opening trade on wages and returns to capital in Cuba in the long run? Explain.
2. a. For the policies below, note a small country’s imposition of the policy will increase (+), decrease (-), or have an unclear effect (?) on the variables listed vertically. (Please note, you do not have to explain; just note the direction of change.) Assume that transfers among domestic citizens have no effect on welfare.
Tariff Export subsidy Import quota Export tax
Domestic price
Domestic consumer surplus
Domestic producer surplus
Government revenue
Net national welfare
If any of the effects are unclear, provide a brief explanation.
b. For each, explain the nature of any deadweight losses in detail, i.e. compare the costs of domestic production and consumer benefits with the reduced or expanded trade.
3. Suppose the assumptions of the Ricardian model apply. Let LA = country A's endowment of labor =100 units; LB = country B's endowment of labor = 100 units. The unit labor coefficients for the two countries for good S and C are:
aLc = 2L/c, aLs = 10L/s; bLc = 10L/c, bLs = 1L/s.
a. What is the opportunity cost for C in each country? Provide specific numbers (i.e. number of S per C).
b. Explain which country has the absolute advantage in each good.
c. Explain which country as the comparative advantage in each good.
d. What is the range of potential relative prices for mutually beneficial trade? Provide specific numbers (i.e. number of C per S).
e. For one particular possible trading price, show the PPF for both countries and the relevant post-trade national income (presuming full specialization).
4. Illustrate and explain how the US (a large country in international oil markets) can benefit from imposing a tariff on petroleum. Which group or groups ultimately pay for the tariff? What are the major drawbacks for a country pursuing this policy? How would consumers of petroleum in Europe be affected by the tariff?
5. Illustrate and explain how a Australia (a large country in the international iron ore markets) can benefit from imposing an export tax on iron. Which group or groups ultimately pay for the export tax? What are the major drawbacks for a country pu ...
Macro Economics ExamShort EssaysPlease select and a.docxwkyra78
Macro Economics Exam
Short Essays:
Please select and answer seven ( 7) of the following essay type questions.
A. Please explain with specific examples for each category: “Among risks the Fed is taking: that some programs won’t work, that officials won’t be able to unwind them, that politicians will grow accustomed to directing the central bank to fix problems its tools aren’t designed to solve, and that public discontent about the central bank’s choices will erode its authority over time. “ WSJ 04 28 2020
B. What specific Macro-economic phenomenon is being described. Explain how this phenomenon impacts the balance sheet of the Federal reserve and of a commercial bank, “The Fed has a unique power, the ability to create money by crediting banks with funds they can lend. That helps it guide the cost of money, which is the interest rate”
WSJ 04 28 2020.
C. Please describe four major initiatives that the Federal Reserve has undertaken, in order to address the impact of COVID-19 to the economy.
D. What does the “Bagehot’s Dictum,” refer to? Please explain in the context of the effect of the current effect of the COVID-19 to the economy.
E. Suppose the economy is suffering in a recessionary period. Firms are facing increasing inventories and individual consumers are increasing their saving to prepare for hard times ahead. What is likely to happen to the economy and can it correct itself and grow toward full employment in the short run? How is this different and how is it similar to the impact of the COVID-19 in the economy?
F. Describe the role of business inventory change in determining the equilibrium level of GDP and changes in the level of GDP.
G. Differentiate between an induced increase in consumption and an autonomous increase in consumption. How are they represented on a graph?
H. The expenditure schedule and the aggregate demand curve show much the same thing, with one crucial difference-the price level. How does the price level affect the two schedules?
I. Define the terms recessionary gap and inflationary gap. Why do they occur? Please frame your answer within the context of the COVID-19 impact in the economy.
J. Why do booms and recessions tend to be transmitted across national borders? Please frame your answer within the context of the COVID-19 impact in the economy.
K. The total expenditure schedule in Macroland begins with these initial levels (in billions of dollars): Income = 1,000; Consumption = 900; Investment = 200; Government = 300; Net Exports = −100. If the MPC = 0.75 and income increases in increments of 200, find the equilibrium level of income. If full employment requires an income level of 2,000, what (if anything) should the government do? Indicate both the direction of the spending change and the size of the spending change.
L. What is a multiplier? How does the multiplier effect occur? Please provide examples of at least three types of multipliers in an economy. Please provide some examples.
Macro Economics ExamShort EssaysPlease select and a.docxinfantsuk
Macro Economics Exam
Short Essays:
Please select and answer seven ( 7) of the following essay type questions.
A. Please explain with specific examples for each category: “Among risks the Fed is taking: that some programs won’t work, that officials won’t be able to unwind them, that politicians will grow accustomed to directing the central bank to fix problems its tools aren’t designed to solve, and that public discontent about the central bank’s choices will erode its authority over time. “ WSJ 04 28 2020
B. What specific Macro-economic phenomenon is being described. Explain how this phenomenon impacts the balance sheet of the Federal reserve and of a commercial bank, “The Fed has a unique power, the ability to create money by crediting banks with funds they can lend. That helps it guide the cost of money, which is the interest rate”
WSJ 04 28 2020.
C. Please describe four major initiatives that the Federal Reserve has undertaken, in order to address the impact of COVID-19 to the economy.
D. What does the “Bagehot’s Dictum,” refer to? Please explain in the context of the effect of the current effect of the COVID-19 to the economy.
E. Suppose the economy is suffering in a recessionary period. Firms are facing increasing inventories and individual consumers are increasing their saving to prepare for hard times ahead. What is likely to happen to the economy and can it correct itself and grow toward full employment in the short run? How is this different and how is it similar to the impact of the COVID-19 in the economy?
F. Describe the role of business inventory change in determining the equilibrium level of GDP and changes in the level of GDP.
G. Differentiate between an induced increase in consumption and an autonomous increase in consumption. How are they represented on a graph?
H. The expenditure schedule and the aggregate demand curve show much the same thing, with one crucial difference-the price level. How does the price level affect the two schedules?
I. Define the terms recessionary gap and inflationary gap. Why do they occur? Please frame your answer within the context of the COVID-19 impact in the economy.
J. Why do booms and recessions tend to be transmitted across national borders? Please frame your answer within the context of the COVID-19 impact in the economy.
K. The total expenditure schedule in Macroland begins with these initial levels (in billions of dollars): Income = 1,000; Consumption = 900; Investment = 200; Government = 300; Net Exports = −100. If the MPC = 0.75 and income increases in increments of 200, find the equilibrium level of income. If full employment requires an income level of 2,000, what (if anything) should the government do? Indicate both the direction of the spending change and the size of the spending change.
L. What is a multiplier? How does the multiplier effect occur? Please provide examples of at least three types of multipliers in an economy. Please provide some examples ...
1 ECO 441—Fall 2015 Prof. Miguel Iraola Name ____.docxmercysuttle
1
ECO 441—Fall 2015
Prof. Miguel Iraola
Name _________________________
Problem Set #2
(Due Wednesday, November 9)
1. Heckscher-Ohlin Model: Suppose that a free-trade equilibrium exists in a
two-country, two-good, two-factor world. Assume that the two goods, chemicals
(C) and electronic appliances (E), both employ capital (K) and labor (L), and that
both factors are perfectly mobile across sectors. Also assume that:
• The US is relatively capital-abundant
• Mexico is relatively labor-abundant.
• Chemicals are relatively capital-intensive.
• Electronic appliances are relatively labor-intensive.
• Assume that tastes and technologies are identical in the two countries.
(a) On the graph below, sketch the relationship between relative product price, relative
factor price and relative factor use in each industry in the US and Mexico. (Under the
assumption of identical technologies, the same curves can be used to describe the
relationships in both the US and Mexico.)
(L/K)
wage-rental
ratio (w/r)
(P
E
/ P
C
)
2
Relative Quantity of
Electronics (Q
E
/ Q
C
)
Relative price of
Electronics (P
E
/ P
C
)
(b) On the graph below, sketch & label the relative supply curves of the two countries.
• Briefly explain why they differ:
• Then, sketch & label the world relative supply curve.
RD
3
(c) Using the graph in part (a), label the relative price of electronics, the relative wage
(w/r), and each industry’s relative employment of labor-to- capital in each country prior
to trade (i.e. in autarky). Then make the following comparisons (write >, <, or =):
(PE/PC)US ______ (PE/PC)Mexico
(w/r)US ______ (w/r)Mexico
(KE/LE)US ______ (KE/LE)Mexico
(KC/LC)US ______ (KC/LC)Mexico
(d) Before trading, is the real wage higher in the US or Mexico? Briefly explain why.
(e) Now suppose that the US and Mexico trade freely. Which good will Mexico export to
US?
(f) Describe the effect of free trade on:
• The relative price of electronics (PE/PC) in the US.: increases/decreases
• The relative wage (w/r) in the US: increases/decreases
Briefly explain why:
• The real wage in the US: increases/decreases
Briefly explain why:
• The real wage in Mexico: increases/decreases
Briefly explain why:
4
(g) Of the four groups below, who are the “winners” and who are the “losers” from the
freeing of trade between the US and Mexico?
• Capital owners in the US: winners/losers
• Capital owners in Mexico: winners/losers
• Workers in the US: winners/losers
• Workers in Mexico: winners/losers
(h) Suppose the PPF for the US is given by the graph below. Using this graph,
demonstrate that in theory, all individuals in the US could be made better off by trading
freely with Mexico.
• Briefly describe what sort of policy would be necessary in practice to make every
individual bette ...
1.The aggregate supply curve relating the price level to real GDP.docxherminaprocter
1.
The aggregate supply curve relating the price level to real GDP has three distinguishing segments. Which one of the following indicates the segments?
A) The horizontal segment reflects the increasing pressure on the price level as firms bid for resources. The upward-sloping segment reflects the availability of unused resources. The vertical segment reflects the full employment of all resources.
B) The horizontal segment reflects the availability of unused resources. The upward-sloping segment reflects the full employment of all resources. The vertical segment reflects the increasing pressure on the price level as firms bid for resources.
C) The horizontal segment reflects the full employment of all resources. The upward-sloping segment reflects the increasing pressure on the price level as firms bid for resources. The vertical segment reflects the availability of unused resources.
D) The horizontal segment reflects the availability of unused resources. The downward-sloping segment reflects decreasing pressure on the price level as firms bid for resources. The vertical segment reflects the full employment of all resources.
E) The horizontal segment reflects the availability of unused resources. The upward-sloping segment reflects increasing pressure on the price level as firms bid for resources. The vertical segment reflects the full employment of all resources.
2.
Fiscal policy is government action to influence aggregate demand and in turn to influence the level of real GDP and the price level, through:
A) expanding and contracting the money supply.
B) regulation of net exports.
C) changes in government spending and/or tax revenues.
D) encouraging businesses to invest.
3.
"It would be an undue hardship to require people whose income is below $15,000 per year to pay income taxes." This statement reflects which of the following principles for a tax?
A) Benefits-received.
B) Inexpensive-to-collect.
C) Ability-to-pay.
D) Fairness of contribution.
4.
Exhibit 14-6 Aggregate supply curve
nar004-1.jpg
In Exhibit 14-6, the aggregate supply curve becomes vertical at GDP = $1,200 because:
A) there are no more workers available at any wage rate to increase real GDP.
B) the price level remains constant.
C) the only workers available would demand higher wage rates.
D) the economy is experiencing low employment and low production.
E) the Treasury is no longer allowed to explain away the deficit with creative accounting
5.
Exhibit 14-8 Aggregate demand and supply
nar005-1.jpg
In Exhibit 14-8, if aggregate demand shifts from AD3 to AD4, real GDP will:
A) rise from $7.0 to $8.0, and the price level will rise from 120 to 140.
B) rise from $7.0 to $8.0, and the price level will rise from 120 to 170.
C) rise from $7.0 to $8.0, and the price level will rise from 100 to 140.
D) not change, and the price level will rise from 120 to 140.
E) rise from $4.0 to $8.0, and the price level will rise from 120 to 140.
6.
The m.
ECN211 Chapter 9 Worksheet – Inflation
1. Define inflation.
Section 9.1 – Tracking Inflation
2. What is meant by the basket of goods and services?
3. A. Fill in the missing cells below. Calculate total expenditures in the current year and in the base year.
Market Basket
Current Year Prices (per item)
Current-Year Expenditures
Base-Year Prices (per item)
Base-Year Expenditures
5 gallons of gas
$2.50
$2.00
10 packs of Top Ramon
$1.20
$1.50
4 bottles of Coca-Cola
$1.50
$1.25
8 frozen lasagna dinners
$5.00
$4.50
Total dollar expenditures: _____________ _________
4. Calculate the price index from the information in question 3. How much have average prices risen since the base year?
5. You discover that for a particular country, the price index increased from 212 to 218 between on year and the next. How much has the price level risen since the “base year”? What is the annual rate of inflation?
Section 9.2 – How Changes in the Cost of Living are Measured
6. What is the consumer price index (CPI)?
7. Discuss how measuring inflation can be misleading given the substitution bias and quality/new goods bias. How has the Bureau of Labor Statistics attempted to address it as of late?
8. List in order of biggest to smallest the eight major categories of the CPI (Figure 9.2).
9. How is core inflation index different from regular CPI?
10. Describe the other types of price indices
a. Producer Price Index (PPI)
b. International Price Index
c. Employment Cost Index
d. GDP deflator
Section 9.3 – How the US and Other Countries Experience Inflation
11. Assess the trends in the US price level and inflation rates over the last 100 years, as well as over the last 30 years (Figure 9.3).
12. Define deflation, and identify two areas in US economic history where it occurred.
13. Define hyperinflation and identify some examples of this through history.
Section 9.4– What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Long Run
14. Describe how high rates of inflation impacts the following groups :
a. Between those who save and lend money and those that borrow money
b. Employers and employees?
c. Retirees living on a fixed income?
15. Describe the trend in the minimum wage over the last 50 years (Figure 9.6).
16. How can high rates of inflation “blur” price signals for both buyers and sellers in an economy?
17. How can inflation make long-term planning more difficult for both workers/households and firms?
18. Why are low rates of inflation preferred to deflation?
19. How can inflation “oil the gears" or make the labor market for flexible?
Section 9.5– Indexing and its Limitations
20. What does it mean for price, wages, or interest rates to be “indexed”?
21. Describe “cost-of-living-adjustment ...
Running head: RISK REDUCTION 1
RISK REDUCTION 4
Risk reduction
Paul Grasso
CSU
Unit 6 Project EMS Risk Reduction
Risk reduction
Complete a cost vs. benefit analysis report for your risk reduction program.
Cost-benefit analysis refers to a technique that is used in the comparison of the total costs that are incurred in a certain project or a program with the benefits, and it uses monetary units as the common metric. The costs that would be incurred in the implementation of a risk-reduction program includes the total cost of the activity including both the direct and the indirect costs as well as the costs of the potential risks that are likely to arise (Pearce, Atkinson, & Mourato, 2006). The cost depends on the approach of the program, and it looks into all the activities which are conducted as part of the systematic analysis and in the planning process including research. Additional expenses regarding money, time and other resources are considered to be more reasonable from the perspective of the willingness of the members of the public to incur expenses because these costs to a great extent aids in the reduction of the level or costs associated with the risks
In the implementation of a risk reduction program, benefits refer to the advantages that the organization is likely to accrue as a result of the implementation. The benefits include all the direct as well as the indirect revenues and the intangible benefits such as increased level of productivity due to factors such as the improvement in morale and safety of the employee’s and also an increase in the level of sales as a result of the customer’s goodwill. Lots of benefits are derived from the use of additional resources to inhibit risks from taking place.
Cost-benefit analysis aids in the calculation of the benefit or the net cost that is associated with a certain program. A lot of care should be taken in the process of cost-benefit analysis to ensure that neither cost nor benefits are underestimated or overestimated. Before the implementation of the risk reduction program, one should compare the aggregate cost and benefits to ensure that the benefits of implementation outweigh the cost. A program is said to be rational if the costs are less than the benefits and in case of this, it can thus be easily put forward. In the case that the costs are greater than the benefits, a review of the project should be done to increase the benefits or decrease the cost so that the program can be made viable (Quah, & Toh, 2012).
References
Pearce, D., Atkinson, G. & Mourato, S. (2006). Cost-benefit analysis and the environment : recent developments. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Quah, E. & Toh, R. (2012). Cost-benefit analysis : cases and materials. Milt ...
I am Ryan J. I am a Macroeconomics Homework Helper at economicshomeworkhelper.com/. I hold a PhD in M.S. Economics, University of Maine. I have been helping students with their homework for past 7 years. I solve assignments related to Macroeconomics Assignment.
Visit economicshomeworkhelper.com or email info@economicshomeworkhelper.com .
You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Macroeconomics homework help.
Problem Set 1 Part I.Multiple-choice questions 1. The.docxwkyra78
Problem Set 1
Part I.Multiple-choice questions
1. The flow-of-product and earnings or cost approaches to GDP:
a. measure two different aspects of GDP and are therefore unrelated to each
other.
b. are two different ways of measuring the same thing.
c. should both arrive at the same number if GDP is measured in real terms,
but not if GDP is measured nominally.
d. have nothing to do with the circular-flow diagram.
e. none of the above.
2. If nominal GDP was $360 (billion) in 1992 and if the price level rose by 20
percent from 1990 to 1992, then the 1992 GDP, measured in 1990 prices, was (in
billions):
a. $300.
b. $320.
c. $340.
d. $360.
e. $432.
3. What is the consumer price index (CPI) calculating?
a. The CPI is a measure of the average change over time in prices paid by
urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services.
b. The CPI is a price index that included the prices of all goods and services
produced in the country (consumption, investment, government purchases,
and net exports).
c. The CPI measures the level of prices at the wholesale or producer stage. It
includes the prices of foods, manufactured product, and mining products.
d. The CPI is equally weighted average of food, housing, and gas prices.
e. None of the above.
4. The nonaccelerating inflationary rate of unemployment (NAIRU) is the rate at
which:
a. upward and downward forces on price and wage inflation are in balance.
b. inflation is stable.
c. the economy has the lowest level of unemployment that can be maintained
without upward pressure on inflation.
d. all of the above.
e. choices b. and c. only.
5. The Phillips curve shows the relationship between:
a. cost of producing a good and its selling price.
b. inflation and unemployment.
c. inflation and exports.
d. unemployment and GDP.
e. none of the above.
6. According to Okun’s Law, suppose potential GDP rose by 9 percent between
2005 and 2008 but actual GDP did not change, then unemployment would climb
from 5.8 percent in 2005 to_____ in 2008:
a. 6.1 percent.
b. 10.3 percent.
c. 11.2 percent.
d. 8.8 percent.
e. 9.7 percent.
7. Which of the following is NOT considered as the goals of macroeconomics for a
typical modern economy?
a. High levels and rapid growth of output and consumption.
b. Low unemployment rate, with an ample supply of good jobs.
c. Price-level stability (or low inflation).
d. More exports than imports.
8. Which of the following is NOT true about macroeconomic measurements?
a. GDP = C + I + G + X
b. GDP = National income + Depreciation.
c. GDP = National income – Depreciation.
d. Disposable income = GDP – Taxes – Net business saving – Depreciation
+ Transfer payments.
9. Which of the following is NOT true abou ...
J)o aUtuxoa- q,rr{fAsl4 #S-CHAPTER 12 Spending by lndivi.docxpriestmanmable
'J)o aUtuxoa-/ q,rr"*{fAsl4 #S-
CHAPTER 12 Spending by lndividuals, Firms, and Governments on Real Goods and Services 359 f-,LI
Given the following variables in the open econ-
omy aggregate expenditure model, autonomous
consumption (Co) * 2A0, autonomous invest-
ment (16) = 200, government spending (Gd = 100,
export spending (Xo) = 100, autonomous import
spending (Mil = 100, taxes (Tp) = 0, marginal pro.
penstty to consume (cJ = 0.8, marginal propen-
sity to invest (iJ = 0"1, and marginal propensity
to import @nt) = 0-15,
a Calculate the equilibrium level of income for the
open economy aggregate expenditure model.
b. If there is an increase in autonomous import
expenditure from 100 to 200 resulting from arr
increase in the currency exchange rate, calcu-
late the new equilibrium level of income and
the value of the multiplier.
c. Compared with the original equilibrium in part
a, if the goyernrnent decides to impose taxes
{Tp) of 100, ca}culate the new equilibrium level
of income.
ffi
Application Questions
1. [Jse the aggregate expenditure model developed in
this chapter to explain the following statements:
a Coming amid continued turmoil in the finan-
cial and credit markets, the report sent stocks
lower, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average
fatling 146.70 points F?idayto close at 11,899.69.
b. Administration offlcials said they were confi-
dent conditions would improve as tax rebates
that are part of the recent $152 billion economic-
stimulus package begin to reach consumers.
c. The Fed is expected to cut interest rates again
to prop up the economy.
2. Redraw Figures l2.11aand 12.11b to illustrate the
effects on the resulting equilitrrium level of income
trom ea,ch of the following changes:
a A greater sensitivity of interest-related con-
sumption and investment expenditure to
changes in the interest rate.
b. A larger multiplier in the aggregate expenditure
model.
Hint: Remember that consumption has an auton-
omous component and is a firnction of dispos-
able income, Iz4, where Ya= Y - Tp.
the consumption ion is given by C = 800 + 0.8
{Y - T1), that nt (1) equals 200,
and that government (G) and taxes (7p)
or
export spending.
a. Calculate the equilibrium lncome.
b. If government purchases crease by 100
(all else held constant), the new equi-
librium level of ue of the
multiplier.
c. Compared with
government nditure (G) and Qp)
so that the government budget
remalns anced, does the equilibrium level
remain unchanged? Explain your
"r'';+
3. Go to the Web site of the Conference Board
(www.conference-board.org) and find the latest
release of the Consumer Confidence Index. I{ow
has the index changed since its last release?
What is the expected impact of this change on
the economy?
4. A number of articles in the Watl Street Jou,mraL
reported that the strong dollar, combined with
the recession of 2001, fbrced many U.S. manu-
facturers to develop better methods to produce
and sell their products. Usc the discussion of the
nlacr ...
Macroeconomics ExamMust be typed and answers should be well .docxinfantsuk
Macroeconomics Exam
Must be typed and answers should be well explained
1.) You are working at an investment firm that has many investments in Lithuania. You have been asked to do a simple simulation showing the potential effects of Lithuania building a high-speed rail network, and what will happen if there is worldwide pressure on interest rates. All amounts are in millions of Litas. (The Lita is the Lithuanian currency. For this example use the exchange rate you compute, not the actual exchange rate). Government spending is projected to rise by 50 percent due to construction of the high-speed rail network
This is the status quo scenario
Total Output is equal to 5,000
Government spending is equal to 1,000
Tax revenue is equal to 1,000
Consumption is equal to 250+0.75*(Y-T);
The level of investment is 1,000-50r;
Net Exports are 500-500ε,
the world real interest rate is five percent
Assume that there are three political parties in Lithuania and each think that building the high speed rail network will have different effects on the economy. They have hired you as a consultant (moonlighting from your investment firm) to do an analysis showing what happens if their beliefs end up being true.
a. THE LIBERAL PARTY believes that increasing government spending to build the high speed rail network will increase both G and GDP. That is G, will increase to 1,500 and GDP will increase by 500 too. Compare what happens to the economy if the Liberal party is correct. How do private savings, public savings, national savings, Net exports, and the exchange rate change from the status quo? (10 points)
b. THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY believes that building a high speed rail network will put people to work (thus increasing G), but that it will ultimately be useless (there will be no overall wealth created), so GDP will be unchanged. The conservatives are also concerned that the government taking on new debt will be a bad sign to Lithuania’s creditors, and that borrowing the money for the high-speed rail system will cause the interest rate to rise 20 percent.
Under this scenario, how do private savings, public savings, national savings, Net exports, and the exchange rate change from the status quo? (8 points)
c. THE LIBERTARIAN PARTY believes that taking tax money and using it to build a high-speed rail network does nothing more than take money from one group of people (taxpayers) and give it to another group of people (the construction industry) and that there is no productive economic impact. How do private savings, public savings, national savings, Net exports, and the exchange rate change from the status quo? (8 points)
d. Please compare situations a, b, and c. Who do you think is correct, and why?
(8 points)
e. The Libertarians use a microeconomics explanation about taxation to argue that the economy will be helped most by simply reducing taxes, even if people only save the money that they don’t spend on taxes (C is not affected). They say that ...
You have been chosen to present in front of your local governing boa.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been chosen to present in front of your local governing board (county commission, city council, etc.) to outline the prevention and preparedness programs that should be implemented in your community.
Create a PowerPoint presentation consisting of 8−10 slides (excluding the title slide, table of contents slide, and references slide) that covers the following:
Evaluation of the threats specific to your community (man-made and natural)
Threat mitigation techniques that should be incorporated
Important partnerships that should be maintained with both public and private entities
Cost effectiveness of mitigation versus the expense of response to an incident
Business continuity considerations for returning government services to normal operations
.
You have been charged with overseeing the implementation of cybersec.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been charged with overseeing the implementation of cybersecurity best practices for EnergyA. In this course, you examined 10 design and security principles (Deception, Separation, Diversity, Commanlity, Depth, Discretion, Collection, Correlation, Awareness, Response) in the context of national and critical infrastructure protection
.
You have been commissioned to create a manual covering the installat.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been commissioned to create a manual covering the installation planning issues relating to the following network servers:
A domain controller
A DNS server
A Terminal Access Gateway
A Web server
A database server
A file and print server
In covering the installation planning issues, you should provide hardware advice in terms of a) system capabilities (internal and input/output); b) which systems should be replicated to ensure high availability [assume 99.999% uptime]; and c) which systems can be co-located on one or more virtualized servers
.
More Related Content
Similar to Compute the inflation rate for each year 1993-201 2 and determ.docx
Macro Economics ExamShort EssaysPlease select and a.docxwkyra78
Macro Economics Exam
Short Essays:
Please select and answer seven ( 7) of the following essay type questions.
A. Please explain with specific examples for each category: “Among risks the Fed is taking: that some programs won’t work, that officials won’t be able to unwind them, that politicians will grow accustomed to directing the central bank to fix problems its tools aren’t designed to solve, and that public discontent about the central bank’s choices will erode its authority over time. “ WSJ 04 28 2020
B. What specific Macro-economic phenomenon is being described. Explain how this phenomenon impacts the balance sheet of the Federal reserve and of a commercial bank, “The Fed has a unique power, the ability to create money by crediting banks with funds they can lend. That helps it guide the cost of money, which is the interest rate”
WSJ 04 28 2020.
C. Please describe four major initiatives that the Federal Reserve has undertaken, in order to address the impact of COVID-19 to the economy.
D. What does the “Bagehot’s Dictum,” refer to? Please explain in the context of the effect of the current effect of the COVID-19 to the economy.
E. Suppose the economy is suffering in a recessionary period. Firms are facing increasing inventories and individual consumers are increasing their saving to prepare for hard times ahead. What is likely to happen to the economy and can it correct itself and grow toward full employment in the short run? How is this different and how is it similar to the impact of the COVID-19 in the economy?
F. Describe the role of business inventory change in determining the equilibrium level of GDP and changes in the level of GDP.
G. Differentiate between an induced increase in consumption and an autonomous increase in consumption. How are they represented on a graph?
H. The expenditure schedule and the aggregate demand curve show much the same thing, with one crucial difference-the price level. How does the price level affect the two schedules?
I. Define the terms recessionary gap and inflationary gap. Why do they occur? Please frame your answer within the context of the COVID-19 impact in the economy.
J. Why do booms and recessions tend to be transmitted across national borders? Please frame your answer within the context of the COVID-19 impact in the economy.
K. The total expenditure schedule in Macroland begins with these initial levels (in billions of dollars): Income = 1,000; Consumption = 900; Investment = 200; Government = 300; Net Exports = −100. If the MPC = 0.75 and income increases in increments of 200, find the equilibrium level of income. If full employment requires an income level of 2,000, what (if anything) should the government do? Indicate both the direction of the spending change and the size of the spending change.
L. What is a multiplier? How does the multiplier effect occur? Please provide examples of at least three types of multipliers in an economy. Please provide some examples.
Macro Economics ExamShort EssaysPlease select and a.docxinfantsuk
Macro Economics Exam
Short Essays:
Please select and answer seven ( 7) of the following essay type questions.
A. Please explain with specific examples for each category: “Among risks the Fed is taking: that some programs won’t work, that officials won’t be able to unwind them, that politicians will grow accustomed to directing the central bank to fix problems its tools aren’t designed to solve, and that public discontent about the central bank’s choices will erode its authority over time. “ WSJ 04 28 2020
B. What specific Macro-economic phenomenon is being described. Explain how this phenomenon impacts the balance sheet of the Federal reserve and of a commercial bank, “The Fed has a unique power, the ability to create money by crediting banks with funds they can lend. That helps it guide the cost of money, which is the interest rate”
WSJ 04 28 2020.
C. Please describe four major initiatives that the Federal Reserve has undertaken, in order to address the impact of COVID-19 to the economy.
D. What does the “Bagehot’s Dictum,” refer to? Please explain in the context of the effect of the current effect of the COVID-19 to the economy.
E. Suppose the economy is suffering in a recessionary period. Firms are facing increasing inventories and individual consumers are increasing their saving to prepare for hard times ahead. What is likely to happen to the economy and can it correct itself and grow toward full employment in the short run? How is this different and how is it similar to the impact of the COVID-19 in the economy?
F. Describe the role of business inventory change in determining the equilibrium level of GDP and changes in the level of GDP.
G. Differentiate between an induced increase in consumption and an autonomous increase in consumption. How are they represented on a graph?
H. The expenditure schedule and the aggregate demand curve show much the same thing, with one crucial difference-the price level. How does the price level affect the two schedules?
I. Define the terms recessionary gap and inflationary gap. Why do they occur? Please frame your answer within the context of the COVID-19 impact in the economy.
J. Why do booms and recessions tend to be transmitted across national borders? Please frame your answer within the context of the COVID-19 impact in the economy.
K. The total expenditure schedule in Macroland begins with these initial levels (in billions of dollars): Income = 1,000; Consumption = 900; Investment = 200; Government = 300; Net Exports = −100. If the MPC = 0.75 and income increases in increments of 200, find the equilibrium level of income. If full employment requires an income level of 2,000, what (if anything) should the government do? Indicate both the direction of the spending change and the size of the spending change.
L. What is a multiplier? How does the multiplier effect occur? Please provide examples of at least three types of multipliers in an economy. Please provide some examples ...
1 ECO 441—Fall 2015 Prof. Miguel Iraola Name ____.docxmercysuttle
1
ECO 441—Fall 2015
Prof. Miguel Iraola
Name _________________________
Problem Set #2
(Due Wednesday, November 9)
1. Heckscher-Ohlin Model: Suppose that a free-trade equilibrium exists in a
two-country, two-good, two-factor world. Assume that the two goods, chemicals
(C) and electronic appliances (E), both employ capital (K) and labor (L), and that
both factors are perfectly mobile across sectors. Also assume that:
• The US is relatively capital-abundant
• Mexico is relatively labor-abundant.
• Chemicals are relatively capital-intensive.
• Electronic appliances are relatively labor-intensive.
• Assume that tastes and technologies are identical in the two countries.
(a) On the graph below, sketch the relationship between relative product price, relative
factor price and relative factor use in each industry in the US and Mexico. (Under the
assumption of identical technologies, the same curves can be used to describe the
relationships in both the US and Mexico.)
(L/K)
wage-rental
ratio (w/r)
(P
E
/ P
C
)
2
Relative Quantity of
Electronics (Q
E
/ Q
C
)
Relative price of
Electronics (P
E
/ P
C
)
(b) On the graph below, sketch & label the relative supply curves of the two countries.
• Briefly explain why they differ:
• Then, sketch & label the world relative supply curve.
RD
3
(c) Using the graph in part (a), label the relative price of electronics, the relative wage
(w/r), and each industry’s relative employment of labor-to- capital in each country prior
to trade (i.e. in autarky). Then make the following comparisons (write >, <, or =):
(PE/PC)US ______ (PE/PC)Mexico
(w/r)US ______ (w/r)Mexico
(KE/LE)US ______ (KE/LE)Mexico
(KC/LC)US ______ (KC/LC)Mexico
(d) Before trading, is the real wage higher in the US or Mexico? Briefly explain why.
(e) Now suppose that the US and Mexico trade freely. Which good will Mexico export to
US?
(f) Describe the effect of free trade on:
• The relative price of electronics (PE/PC) in the US.: increases/decreases
• The relative wage (w/r) in the US: increases/decreases
Briefly explain why:
• The real wage in the US: increases/decreases
Briefly explain why:
• The real wage in Mexico: increases/decreases
Briefly explain why:
4
(g) Of the four groups below, who are the “winners” and who are the “losers” from the
freeing of trade between the US and Mexico?
• Capital owners in the US: winners/losers
• Capital owners in Mexico: winners/losers
• Workers in the US: winners/losers
• Workers in Mexico: winners/losers
(h) Suppose the PPF for the US is given by the graph below. Using this graph,
demonstrate that in theory, all individuals in the US could be made better off by trading
freely with Mexico.
• Briefly describe what sort of policy would be necessary in practice to make every
individual bette ...
1.The aggregate supply curve relating the price level to real GDP.docxherminaprocter
1.
The aggregate supply curve relating the price level to real GDP has three distinguishing segments. Which one of the following indicates the segments?
A) The horizontal segment reflects the increasing pressure on the price level as firms bid for resources. The upward-sloping segment reflects the availability of unused resources. The vertical segment reflects the full employment of all resources.
B) The horizontal segment reflects the availability of unused resources. The upward-sloping segment reflects the full employment of all resources. The vertical segment reflects the increasing pressure on the price level as firms bid for resources.
C) The horizontal segment reflects the full employment of all resources. The upward-sloping segment reflects the increasing pressure on the price level as firms bid for resources. The vertical segment reflects the availability of unused resources.
D) The horizontal segment reflects the availability of unused resources. The downward-sloping segment reflects decreasing pressure on the price level as firms bid for resources. The vertical segment reflects the full employment of all resources.
E) The horizontal segment reflects the availability of unused resources. The upward-sloping segment reflects increasing pressure on the price level as firms bid for resources. The vertical segment reflects the full employment of all resources.
2.
Fiscal policy is government action to influence aggregate demand and in turn to influence the level of real GDP and the price level, through:
A) expanding and contracting the money supply.
B) regulation of net exports.
C) changes in government spending and/or tax revenues.
D) encouraging businesses to invest.
3.
"It would be an undue hardship to require people whose income is below $15,000 per year to pay income taxes." This statement reflects which of the following principles for a tax?
A) Benefits-received.
B) Inexpensive-to-collect.
C) Ability-to-pay.
D) Fairness of contribution.
4.
Exhibit 14-6 Aggregate supply curve
nar004-1.jpg
In Exhibit 14-6, the aggregate supply curve becomes vertical at GDP = $1,200 because:
A) there are no more workers available at any wage rate to increase real GDP.
B) the price level remains constant.
C) the only workers available would demand higher wage rates.
D) the economy is experiencing low employment and low production.
E) the Treasury is no longer allowed to explain away the deficit with creative accounting
5.
Exhibit 14-8 Aggregate demand and supply
nar005-1.jpg
In Exhibit 14-8, if aggregate demand shifts from AD3 to AD4, real GDP will:
A) rise from $7.0 to $8.0, and the price level will rise from 120 to 140.
B) rise from $7.0 to $8.0, and the price level will rise from 120 to 170.
C) rise from $7.0 to $8.0, and the price level will rise from 100 to 140.
D) not change, and the price level will rise from 120 to 140.
E) rise from $4.0 to $8.0, and the price level will rise from 120 to 140.
6.
The m.
ECN211 Chapter 9 Worksheet – Inflation
1. Define inflation.
Section 9.1 – Tracking Inflation
2. What is meant by the basket of goods and services?
3. A. Fill in the missing cells below. Calculate total expenditures in the current year and in the base year.
Market Basket
Current Year Prices (per item)
Current-Year Expenditures
Base-Year Prices (per item)
Base-Year Expenditures
5 gallons of gas
$2.50
$2.00
10 packs of Top Ramon
$1.20
$1.50
4 bottles of Coca-Cola
$1.50
$1.25
8 frozen lasagna dinners
$5.00
$4.50
Total dollar expenditures: _____________ _________
4. Calculate the price index from the information in question 3. How much have average prices risen since the base year?
5. You discover that for a particular country, the price index increased from 212 to 218 between on year and the next. How much has the price level risen since the “base year”? What is the annual rate of inflation?
Section 9.2 – How Changes in the Cost of Living are Measured
6. What is the consumer price index (CPI)?
7. Discuss how measuring inflation can be misleading given the substitution bias and quality/new goods bias. How has the Bureau of Labor Statistics attempted to address it as of late?
8. List in order of biggest to smallest the eight major categories of the CPI (Figure 9.2).
9. How is core inflation index different from regular CPI?
10. Describe the other types of price indices
a. Producer Price Index (PPI)
b. International Price Index
c. Employment Cost Index
d. GDP deflator
Section 9.3 – How the US and Other Countries Experience Inflation
11. Assess the trends in the US price level and inflation rates over the last 100 years, as well as over the last 30 years (Figure 9.3).
12. Define deflation, and identify two areas in US economic history where it occurred.
13. Define hyperinflation and identify some examples of this through history.
Section 9.4– What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Long Run
14. Describe how high rates of inflation impacts the following groups :
a. Between those who save and lend money and those that borrow money
b. Employers and employees?
c. Retirees living on a fixed income?
15. Describe the trend in the minimum wage over the last 50 years (Figure 9.6).
16. How can high rates of inflation “blur” price signals for both buyers and sellers in an economy?
17. How can inflation make long-term planning more difficult for both workers/households and firms?
18. Why are low rates of inflation preferred to deflation?
19. How can inflation “oil the gears" or make the labor market for flexible?
Section 9.5– Indexing and its Limitations
20. What does it mean for price, wages, or interest rates to be “indexed”?
21. Describe “cost-of-living-adjustment ...
Running head: RISK REDUCTION 1
RISK REDUCTION 4
Risk reduction
Paul Grasso
CSU
Unit 6 Project EMS Risk Reduction
Risk reduction
Complete a cost vs. benefit analysis report for your risk reduction program.
Cost-benefit analysis refers to a technique that is used in the comparison of the total costs that are incurred in a certain project or a program with the benefits, and it uses monetary units as the common metric. The costs that would be incurred in the implementation of a risk-reduction program includes the total cost of the activity including both the direct and the indirect costs as well as the costs of the potential risks that are likely to arise (Pearce, Atkinson, & Mourato, 2006). The cost depends on the approach of the program, and it looks into all the activities which are conducted as part of the systematic analysis and in the planning process including research. Additional expenses regarding money, time and other resources are considered to be more reasonable from the perspective of the willingness of the members of the public to incur expenses because these costs to a great extent aids in the reduction of the level or costs associated with the risks
In the implementation of a risk reduction program, benefits refer to the advantages that the organization is likely to accrue as a result of the implementation. The benefits include all the direct as well as the indirect revenues and the intangible benefits such as increased level of productivity due to factors such as the improvement in morale and safety of the employee’s and also an increase in the level of sales as a result of the customer’s goodwill. Lots of benefits are derived from the use of additional resources to inhibit risks from taking place.
Cost-benefit analysis aids in the calculation of the benefit or the net cost that is associated with a certain program. A lot of care should be taken in the process of cost-benefit analysis to ensure that neither cost nor benefits are underestimated or overestimated. Before the implementation of the risk reduction program, one should compare the aggregate cost and benefits to ensure that the benefits of implementation outweigh the cost. A program is said to be rational if the costs are less than the benefits and in case of this, it can thus be easily put forward. In the case that the costs are greater than the benefits, a review of the project should be done to increase the benefits or decrease the cost so that the program can be made viable (Quah, & Toh, 2012).
References
Pearce, D., Atkinson, G. & Mourato, S. (2006). Cost-benefit analysis and the environment : recent developments. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Quah, E. & Toh, R. (2012). Cost-benefit analysis : cases and materials. Milt ...
I am Ryan J. I am a Macroeconomics Homework Helper at economicshomeworkhelper.com/. I hold a PhD in M.S. Economics, University of Maine. I have been helping students with their homework for past 7 years. I solve assignments related to Macroeconomics Assignment.
Visit economicshomeworkhelper.com or email info@economicshomeworkhelper.com .
You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Macroeconomics homework help.
Problem Set 1 Part I.Multiple-choice questions 1. The.docxwkyra78
Problem Set 1
Part I.Multiple-choice questions
1. The flow-of-product and earnings or cost approaches to GDP:
a. measure two different aspects of GDP and are therefore unrelated to each
other.
b. are two different ways of measuring the same thing.
c. should both arrive at the same number if GDP is measured in real terms,
but not if GDP is measured nominally.
d. have nothing to do with the circular-flow diagram.
e. none of the above.
2. If nominal GDP was $360 (billion) in 1992 and if the price level rose by 20
percent from 1990 to 1992, then the 1992 GDP, measured in 1990 prices, was (in
billions):
a. $300.
b. $320.
c. $340.
d. $360.
e. $432.
3. What is the consumer price index (CPI) calculating?
a. The CPI is a measure of the average change over time in prices paid by
urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services.
b. The CPI is a price index that included the prices of all goods and services
produced in the country (consumption, investment, government purchases,
and net exports).
c. The CPI measures the level of prices at the wholesale or producer stage. It
includes the prices of foods, manufactured product, and mining products.
d. The CPI is equally weighted average of food, housing, and gas prices.
e. None of the above.
4. The nonaccelerating inflationary rate of unemployment (NAIRU) is the rate at
which:
a. upward and downward forces on price and wage inflation are in balance.
b. inflation is stable.
c. the economy has the lowest level of unemployment that can be maintained
without upward pressure on inflation.
d. all of the above.
e. choices b. and c. only.
5. The Phillips curve shows the relationship between:
a. cost of producing a good and its selling price.
b. inflation and unemployment.
c. inflation and exports.
d. unemployment and GDP.
e. none of the above.
6. According to Okun’s Law, suppose potential GDP rose by 9 percent between
2005 and 2008 but actual GDP did not change, then unemployment would climb
from 5.8 percent in 2005 to_____ in 2008:
a. 6.1 percent.
b. 10.3 percent.
c. 11.2 percent.
d. 8.8 percent.
e. 9.7 percent.
7. Which of the following is NOT considered as the goals of macroeconomics for a
typical modern economy?
a. High levels and rapid growth of output and consumption.
b. Low unemployment rate, with an ample supply of good jobs.
c. Price-level stability (or low inflation).
d. More exports than imports.
8. Which of the following is NOT true about macroeconomic measurements?
a. GDP = C + I + G + X
b. GDP = National income + Depreciation.
c. GDP = National income – Depreciation.
d. Disposable income = GDP – Taxes – Net business saving – Depreciation
+ Transfer payments.
9. Which of the following is NOT true abou ...
J)o aUtuxoa- q,rr{fAsl4 #S-CHAPTER 12 Spending by lndivi.docxpriestmanmable
'J)o aUtuxoa-/ q,rr"*{fAsl4 #S-
CHAPTER 12 Spending by lndividuals, Firms, and Governments on Real Goods and Services 359 f-,LI
Given the following variables in the open econ-
omy aggregate expenditure model, autonomous
consumption (Co) * 2A0, autonomous invest-
ment (16) = 200, government spending (Gd = 100,
export spending (Xo) = 100, autonomous import
spending (Mil = 100, taxes (Tp) = 0, marginal pro.
penstty to consume (cJ = 0.8, marginal propen-
sity to invest (iJ = 0"1, and marginal propensity
to import @nt) = 0-15,
a Calculate the equilibrium level of income for the
open economy aggregate expenditure model.
b. If there is an increase in autonomous import
expenditure from 100 to 200 resulting from arr
increase in the currency exchange rate, calcu-
late the new equilibrium level of income and
the value of the multiplier.
c. Compared with the original equilibrium in part
a, if the goyernrnent decides to impose taxes
{Tp) of 100, ca}culate the new equilibrium level
of income.
ffi
Application Questions
1. [Jse the aggregate expenditure model developed in
this chapter to explain the following statements:
a Coming amid continued turmoil in the finan-
cial and credit markets, the report sent stocks
lower, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average
fatling 146.70 points F?idayto close at 11,899.69.
b. Administration offlcials said they were confi-
dent conditions would improve as tax rebates
that are part of the recent $152 billion economic-
stimulus package begin to reach consumers.
c. The Fed is expected to cut interest rates again
to prop up the economy.
2. Redraw Figures l2.11aand 12.11b to illustrate the
effects on the resulting equilitrrium level of income
trom ea,ch of the following changes:
a A greater sensitivity of interest-related con-
sumption and investment expenditure to
changes in the interest rate.
b. A larger multiplier in the aggregate expenditure
model.
Hint: Remember that consumption has an auton-
omous component and is a firnction of dispos-
able income, Iz4, where Ya= Y - Tp.
the consumption ion is given by C = 800 + 0.8
{Y - T1), that nt (1) equals 200,
and that government (G) and taxes (7p)
or
export spending.
a. Calculate the equilibrium lncome.
b. If government purchases crease by 100
(all else held constant), the new equi-
librium level of ue of the
multiplier.
c. Compared with
government nditure (G) and Qp)
so that the government budget
remalns anced, does the equilibrium level
remain unchanged? Explain your
"r'';+
3. Go to the Web site of the Conference Board
(www.conference-board.org) and find the latest
release of the Consumer Confidence Index. I{ow
has the index changed since its last release?
What is the expected impact of this change on
the economy?
4. A number of articles in the Watl Street Jou,mraL
reported that the strong dollar, combined with
the recession of 2001, fbrced many U.S. manu-
facturers to develop better methods to produce
and sell their products. Usc the discussion of the
nlacr ...
Macroeconomics ExamMust be typed and answers should be well .docxinfantsuk
Macroeconomics Exam
Must be typed and answers should be well explained
1.) You are working at an investment firm that has many investments in Lithuania. You have been asked to do a simple simulation showing the potential effects of Lithuania building a high-speed rail network, and what will happen if there is worldwide pressure on interest rates. All amounts are in millions of Litas. (The Lita is the Lithuanian currency. For this example use the exchange rate you compute, not the actual exchange rate). Government spending is projected to rise by 50 percent due to construction of the high-speed rail network
This is the status quo scenario
Total Output is equal to 5,000
Government spending is equal to 1,000
Tax revenue is equal to 1,000
Consumption is equal to 250+0.75*(Y-T);
The level of investment is 1,000-50r;
Net Exports are 500-500ε,
the world real interest rate is five percent
Assume that there are three political parties in Lithuania and each think that building the high speed rail network will have different effects on the economy. They have hired you as a consultant (moonlighting from your investment firm) to do an analysis showing what happens if their beliefs end up being true.
a. THE LIBERAL PARTY believes that increasing government spending to build the high speed rail network will increase both G and GDP. That is G, will increase to 1,500 and GDP will increase by 500 too. Compare what happens to the economy if the Liberal party is correct. How do private savings, public savings, national savings, Net exports, and the exchange rate change from the status quo? (10 points)
b. THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY believes that building a high speed rail network will put people to work (thus increasing G), but that it will ultimately be useless (there will be no overall wealth created), so GDP will be unchanged. The conservatives are also concerned that the government taking on new debt will be a bad sign to Lithuania’s creditors, and that borrowing the money for the high-speed rail system will cause the interest rate to rise 20 percent.
Under this scenario, how do private savings, public savings, national savings, Net exports, and the exchange rate change from the status quo? (8 points)
c. THE LIBERTARIAN PARTY believes that taking tax money and using it to build a high-speed rail network does nothing more than take money from one group of people (taxpayers) and give it to another group of people (the construction industry) and that there is no productive economic impact. How do private savings, public savings, national savings, Net exports, and the exchange rate change from the status quo? (8 points)
d. Please compare situations a, b, and c. Who do you think is correct, and why?
(8 points)
e. The Libertarians use a microeconomics explanation about taxation to argue that the economy will be helped most by simply reducing taxes, even if people only save the money that they don’t spend on taxes (C is not affected). They say that ...
Similar to Compute the inflation rate for each year 1993-201 2 and determ.docx (19)
You have been chosen to present in front of your local governing boa.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been chosen to present in front of your local governing board (county commission, city council, etc.) to outline the prevention and preparedness programs that should be implemented in your community.
Create a PowerPoint presentation consisting of 8−10 slides (excluding the title slide, table of contents slide, and references slide) that covers the following:
Evaluation of the threats specific to your community (man-made and natural)
Threat mitigation techniques that should be incorporated
Important partnerships that should be maintained with both public and private entities
Cost effectiveness of mitigation versus the expense of response to an incident
Business continuity considerations for returning government services to normal operations
.
You have been charged with overseeing the implementation of cybersec.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been charged with overseeing the implementation of cybersecurity best practices for EnergyA. In this course, you examined 10 design and security principles (Deception, Separation, Diversity, Commanlity, Depth, Discretion, Collection, Correlation, Awareness, Response) in the context of national and critical infrastructure protection
.
You have been commissioned to create a manual covering the installat.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been commissioned to create a manual covering the installation planning issues relating to the following network servers:
A domain controller
A DNS server
A Terminal Access Gateway
A Web server
A database server
A file and print server
In covering the installation planning issues, you should provide hardware advice in terms of a) system capabilities (internal and input/output); b) which systems should be replicated to ensure high availability [assume 99.999% uptime]; and c) which systems can be co-located on one or more virtualized servers
.
You have been challenged by a mentor you respect and admire to demon.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been challenged by a mentor you respect and admire to demonstrate your commitment to young children, their families, and the field of early childhood. Your mentor asks you to think about the many factors and issues that affect children's healthy development and learning and choose one that you care about personally, examine the issue in your state, and then identify advocacy strategies you can use to champion this cause.
.
You have been chosen as the consultant group to assess the organizat.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been chosen as the consultant group to assess the organization’s readiness to perform in a high value care environment
(better care, lower cost)
. Using the tools in
CEO Checklist
(ATTACHED)
how would you brief management in your assessment of the organization under those principles?
Interview key stakeholders in the organization to gain information and categorize in the subsection provided in the checklist (ATTACHED).
Two Pages (one for each element)
Please focus on these two elements as these are my sections to complete!
1) Governance priority—visible and determined leadership by CEO and Board (one page)
2) Culture of continuous improvement—commitment to ongoing, real-time learning (one page)
Thanks!
.
You have been assigned a reading by WMF Petrie; Diospolis Parva (.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been assigned a reading by WMF Petrie; Diospolis Parva (posted as a pdf folder).
You needn’t read the whole volume; I would like you to concentrate on pp.(4-12) which outlines Petrie’s method.
Further information about Petrie’s method can be found in Bard in box 5-A, pp. 100-102.
For this discussion, answer the following questions;
1. Why does Petrie invent sequence dating? What kinds of artifacts does Petrie use to construct his relative sequence?
2. Why is the following statement important for “anchoring” Petrie’s method in time?
“The most clear series of derived forms is that of the wavy handled vases (Class W)…side by side with this (Class) W pottery… we have seen to be later than the rest, as it links to the historic age… lettered L,” (Petrie 1901:5).
3. Why do you think Petrie’s method reflects the passage of time?
Your answer should be 3-4 paragraphs.
This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project
to make the world’s books discoverable online.
It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject
to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books
are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that’s often difficult to discover.
Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book’s long journey from the
publisher to a library and finally to you.
Usage guidelines
Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.
We also ask that you:
+ Make non-commercial use of the filesWe designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for
personal, non-commercial purposes.
+ Refrain from automated queryingDo not send automated queries of any sort to Google’s system: If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.
+ Maintain attributionThe Google “watermark” you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.
+ Keep it legalWhatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do n.
You have been asked to speak to city, municipal, and state elected a.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been asked to speak to city, municipal, and state elected and appointed officials who investigate disaster management at the next governmental meeting. Your main task is to recommend policy actors who could be involved in disaster management planning after a catastrophic event. These individuals will be involved during the entire process.
Develop a PowerPoint presentation to guide your presentation. Be sure to address the following:
Identify key local, state, and federal partners as policy actors.
Provide rationale for the selection of each policy actor.
Determine how these specific people will aid the community amid the devastation.
As you develop your PowerPoint, you may wish to interview someone in your community that is involved in disaster planning. Interviews can be conducted in-person, via telephone, or by email. However, this is not required. Incorporate appropriate animations, transitions, and graphics as well as speaker notes for each slide. The speaker notes may be comprised of brief paragraphs or bulleted lists.
Support your presentation with at least five scholarly resources. In addition to these specified resources, other appropriate scholarly resources may be included.
Length: 12 slides (with a separate reference slide)
Notes Length: 200 words for each slide
Be sure to include citations for quotations and paraphrases with references in APA format and style.
.
You have been asked to provide a presentation, covering the history .docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been asked to provide a presentation, covering the history of the juvenile court system in the United States. In your history, be sure to address the following issues:
10-12 slides
When was the first juvenile court established?
What was the child-saver movement during the 1800s? How did this social movement lead to the creation establishment of the juvenile justice
system?
What is
parens patriae
, and how has this concept influenced juvenile courts in the United States?
Identify and describe 2 significant changes in the legal rights of juvenile offenders since the establishment of the juvenile justice
system.
3-4 paragraphs
Peter is a 14-year-old boy living in New York in the year 1870. Peter has stolen a horse and has been arrested by local law enforcement.
Discuss what life may have been like for Peter as a young person in the United States at this time.
How were young people treated in everyday life?
How were their criminal actions handled?
How would Peter's punishment be different as compared to an adult who was arrested for the same crime?
.
You have been asked to organize a community health fair at a loc.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been asked to organize a community health fair at a local public school. The health fair will provide information and education on the following topics related to health promotion:
*Immunizations
*Importance of healthy diet and exercise
*Avoidance of tobacco, drugs, and alcohol
*Responsible sexual behaviors (use of condoms, risk of sexually transmitted infections including HIV, and concerns related to unintended pregnancies)
*Injury and violence prevention (motor vehicle crashes, firearms, poisonings, suffocation, falls, fires, and drowning)
The volunteers who will be manning the stations are from the health care community (i.e., doctors, nurses, dietitians, and social workers). You want to ensure that the team members take into consideration the familial health traditions, personal beliefs, and the values of the people who will be attending the health fair. In a three- to four-page paper (excluding title and reference pages), address the following points:
-Identify potential areas where health care providers’ culture may influence the treatment approach/recommendations, which may be in conflict with the health belief of a community member’s culture and practices.
-Describe the differences.
-Describe the role, if any, social control will play in the development of the educational materials presented by differentiating health and wellness rituals among people of different cultures.
-Recommend potential strategies that the health care team can use when faced with a cultural practice that conflicts with the medical model.
-Recommend strategies to increase community participation and enhance the relationships/partnerships between the medical community and members of the culturally diverse community.
The Critical Thinking Paper
^Must be three to four double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style.
^Must use at least two scholarly sources in addition to the course text.
^Must document all sources in APA style.
^Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style.
.
You have been asked to explain the differences between certain categ.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been asked to explain the differences between certain categories of crimes. For each of the following categories of crime, provide a general definition of the category of crime and give at least 2 detailed examples of specific crimes that fall into each category:
Violent crimes
Crimes against persons
Crimes against property
Crimes of public morality
White-collar crime
Cyber crime
Then, for the following scenarios, discuss the categories of crimes involved in each scenario, and explain the specific criminal charges that you would apply to each scenario. You can utilize the Library, Internet, and other resources to research the criminal statutes of a state of your choice to help you determine which criminal charges should be applied:
David S. was running around a public park at 3 AM without his clothes on, singing and shouting loudly. Police arrived after neighbors called to complain. They saw David S. tipping over a garbage can and when they shouted for him to stop, he threw the garbage can into a car, breaking one of its side windows. The police arrested David S. His blood alcohol level was twice the legal limit.
Gary M. was arrested by the FBI when he showed up at a local mall to meet a 14-year-old girl for a date, which he arranged over the Internet. He didn't know that the “14-year-old girl" was actually a 35-year-old male FBI agent.
Elaine R. was an accountant working for a large corporation. She had been falsifying the accounting records and sending some of the corporate funds to her own bank accounts in an offshore bank. The corporation found out what she had been doing and reported her to the police.
Your complete answer to this assignment should be 1–3 pages.
.
You have been asked to evaluate a 3-year-old child in your clinic. .docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been asked to evaluate a 3-year-old child in your clinic. Riley’s mother is concerned that “her speech has sounded “bumpy” over the last two weeks. She also reports that Riley has a cousin who stutters. During the evaluation, Riley demonstrated occasional whole word repetitions and hesitations in her speech. She did not appear to notice these disfluencies.
.
You have been asked to develop UML diagrams to graphically depict .docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been asked to develop UML diagrams to graphically depict and describe the architecture of two (2) unrelated software systems. The first system is for an automated ticket-issuing system used by passengers at a railway station. The second system is for a computer-controlled video conferencing system, located in a corporate office and accessible to senior management that allows video, audio, and computer data to be visible to several participants at the same time.
Write a three to five (3-5) page paper in which you:
Create two (2) UML diagrams, one (1) showing a conceptual view and one (1) showing a process view of the architectures for each of the two (2) following systems (for a total of four [4] diagrams) through the use of Microsoft Visio or its open source alternative, Dia.
Note:
The graphically depicted solution is not included in the required page length.
An automated ticket-issuing system used by passengers at a railway station.
A computer-controlled, video-conferencing system that allows video, audio, and computer data to be visible to several participants at the same time.
Describe how you created the conceptual and process view for all four (4) diagrams. In the description, be sure to provide a justification for each key decision in the design.
Explain how you arrived at your final solution for the four (4) conceptual and process view diagrams that you have created.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
Include charts or diagrams created in Visio or an equivalent such as Dia. The completed diagrams / charts must be imported into the Word document before the paper is submitted.
.
You have been asked to develop UML diagrams to graphically depict an.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been asked to develop UML diagrams to graphically depict and describe the architecture of two (2) unrelated software systems. The first system is for an automated ticket-issuing system used by passengers at a railway station. The second system is for a computer-controlled video conferencing system, located in a corporate office and accessible to senior management that allows video, audio, and computer data to be visible to several participants at the same time.
Write a three to five (3-5) page paper in which you:
Create two (2) UML diagrams, one (1) showing a conceptual view and one (1) showing a process view of the architectures for each of the two (2) following systems (for a total of four [4] diagrams) through the use of Microsoft Visio or its open source alternative, Dia.
Note:
The graphically depicted solution is not included in the required page length.
An automated ticket-issuing system used by passengers at a railway station.
A computer-controlled, video-conferencing system that allows video, audio, and computer data to be visible to several participants at the same time.
Describe how you created the conceptual and process view for all four (4) diagrams. In the description, be sure to provide a justification for each key decision in the design.
Explain how you arrived at your final solution for the four (4) conceptual and process view diagrams that you have created.
.
You have been asked to develop a quality improvement (QI) process fo.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been asked to develop a quality improvement (QI) process for your medical facility employer. You have previously established the skill sets required for QI team members. The chief information officer has asked you what areas you will be analyzing and how you will determine if your project was successful or not. Complete the following:
Write a paper that details the method that you will use to quantitatively and qualitatively measure your QI process for various QI areas in your health care facility.
.
You have been asked to design and deliver a Microsoft PowerPoint pre.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been asked to design and deliver a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation to your team regarding the upgrade and the integration of the WATCH network into SHG's Active Directory forest. Since your team is geographically dispersed, you must create the slides and record the presentation so that when you distribute it to your team, they can watch and listen to the recording to understand the upgrade and integration.
You will need to do the following:
Explain how to integrate the existing WATCH networking standards, protocols, and access methods.
Select which is the most appropriate protocols and access standard to use without any loss of existing functionality to the billing department, the intranet, or the existing Internet site.
These functionalities will be migrated later, but for now your team needs only the migration plans for the administrative and bookkeeping functions.
.
You have been asked to be the project manager for the development of.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been asked to be the project manager for the development of an information technology (IT) project. The system to be developed will allow a large company to coordinate and maintain records of the professional development of its employees. The company has over 30,000 employees who are located in four sites: Florida, Colorado, Illinois, and Texas. The system needs to allow employees to locate and schedule professional development activities that are relevant to their positions. Sophisticated search capabilities are required, and the ability to add scheduled events to the employees’ calendars is desired. The system needs to support social networking to allow employees to determine who is attending conferences and events. This will promote fostering relationships and ensure coverage of conferences that are considered of high importance.
Once an activity has been completed, employees will use the system to submit the documentation. The system should support notifications to management personnel whenever their direct reports have submitted documentation. The system should also notify employees if their deadline to complete professional-development requirements is approaching and is not yet satisfied.
There are several types of architectural views. For the given scenario, develop 2 architectural views.
There must be enough detail for the design to be handed off to an implementation team.
.
You have been asked to conduct research on a past forensic case to a.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been asked to conduct research on a past forensic case to analyze how digital data was used to solve the case. Choose one of the following digital forensic cases:
S. v. Doe (1983), Doe U.S. (1988), People Sanchez (1994), Michelle Theer (2000), Scott Tyree (2002), Dennis Rader (2005), Corey Beantee Melton (2005), James Kent (2007), Brad Cooper (2008)
Using the Stayer Library or the Internet, search for the case notes and reports for the case and answer the following:
Summarize the case, the pertinent actors, evidence, and facts.
Outline the specific digital evidence that was used in the case.
Describe how the investigators found and documented the evidence, if any.
Describe the procedures and tool(s) used for acquiring potential evidence.
Describe the obstacles faced in the investigation.
Outline the most significant improvement to digital forensic investigations/tools that assisted with efficiency and reliability.
Provide the links to two modern tools that could have assisted with the collection of evidence.
Use at least five (5) quality resources in this assignment.
Note:
Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date.
.
You have been asked for the summary to include the following compone.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been asked for the summary to include the following components:
Discuss the defining characteristics of telehealth
Include your personal definition of telehealth
How does telehealth impact nursing practice
Examine how telehealth is currently integrated in healthcare
Describe the evidence-based practice that supports the use of telehealth in rural and community healthcare settings.
Provide a detailed description of your recommended evidence-based strategy to implement telehealth
Provide rationale supporting your strategy
Include current evidence from the literature
.
You have been asked to be the project manager for the developmen.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been asked to be the project manager for the development of an information technology (IT) project. The system to be developed will allow a large company to coordinate and maintain its records of the professional development of its employees. The company has over 30,000 employees, who are located in four sites: Florida, Colorado, Illinois, and Texas. The system must allow employees to locate and schedule professional-development activities that are relevant to their positions. Sophisticated search capabilities are required, and the ability to add scheduled events to the employees' calendars is desired. The system needs to support social networking, which will allow employees to determine who is attending various conferences and events. This will promote the fostering of relationships and ensure that the company has representation at important conferences.
Once an activity has been completed, employees will use the system to submit the documentation. The system should support notifications, which will allow managers to receive notice whenever their direct reports have submitted documentation. The system should also notify employees if their deadline to complete a professional-development requirement is approaching and it has not yet been completed. Because the expenditure has been approved for the project, it is now time to justify the start-up of the project with a business case.
Using the above scenario, develop a business case and project charter (2–3 pages each). Include the following:
Section 1: Business Case (Unit 1)
Description of the problem or opportunity being presented to the business
Costs and benefits of each alternative solution
Recommended solution needed for approval
List of alternative solutions, feasibility of each in a table, and the selected solution
Section 2: Project Charter and WBS (Unit 1)
Identify project vision
Define scope of project
List project deliverables
List roles and responsibilities
List risks, issues, and assumptions
.
You have been asked by management, as a senior member of your co.docxmaxinesmith73660
You have been asked by management, as a senior member of your corporate IT team, to provide insight into the meaning of IoT wireless services and foundational concepts. You want to discuss the foundational IoT wireless concepts and influence IoT will have on the organization’s wireless and mobile connectivity and services. Provide a response to the following:
Discuss the real meaning of Internet of Things and its impact everything that has the ability to communicate.
What types of “Things” communicate within the IoT concept?
How do these types of “Things” communicate?
How do “mobile technologies” relate to IoT?
Provide definitions for the following concepts within the IoT sphere:
RFID, Sensors, Smart technology and Nano technology
.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Compute the inflation rate for each year 1993-201 2 and determ.docx
1. Compute the inflation rate for each year 1993-201 2 and
determine
which were years of inflation. ln which years did deflation
occuP ln
which years did disinflation occur? Was tirere hyperinflation in
any yeaf
* (Sources of tnflation)Usingthe concepts of aggregate supply
and ag-
gregate demand, explain why inflation usually increases during
wartime.
s. (nftatiln and lnterest Rates) Using a demand-supply diagram
for loanable funds (like the exhibit below), show what happens
to the nominal interest rate and the equilibrium quantity of
loans
when both bonowers and lenders increase their estimates of the
expected inflation rate from 5 percent to 1 0 percent.
The Market for Loanable Funds
Loanable funds per period
7-4 Explain how unanticipated inflation harms
some individuals and harms the economy
as a whole
10, (AnticipatedVersus Unanticipated lnflation) lf actual
2. inflation ex-
ceeds anticipated inflation, who will lose purchasing power and
who
will gain? How does unanticipated inflation harm the economy?
GHAPTER 8
8-1 Describe how we measure labor
productivity, and explain why is it
important for a nation's standard of living
(Measuring Labor Productivily) How do we measure labor
productivitf
How do changes in labor productivity affect the U.S. standard
of living?
(Growth and the PPF) Use the production possibilities frontier
(PPD
to demonstrate economic growth.
a. With consumption goods on one axis and capital goods on the
other, show how the combination of goods selected this period
affects the PPF in the next period.
b. Extend this comparison by choosing a different point on this
period's PPF and determining whether that combination leads to
more or less growth over the next period.
(Shifts in the PPflferrorist attacks foster instability and may
affect
3. productivity over the short and long term. Do you think the
September 1 l, 2001, terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center
and the Pentagon affected short- and/or longterm productivity in
the United States? Explain your response and show any move-
ments in the PPF.
o
o
o
o
o
.Ei
o
c
c
oz
33O PROBLEMS APPENDIX
8-2 Summarize the history of U.S.labor
productivity changes since World War II
and explain why these changes matter
(Labor Productivity) ldentify at least four definable periods of
labor
productivity growth beginning right after World War ll. During
which
periods was productivity growth lowest and why? (Refer to
Exhibit 6
4. inthe chapter.)
(Long-Term Productivity Growfhl Suppose that two nations
start
out in 201 3 with identical levels of output per work hour-say,
$100 per hour. ln the first nation, labor productivity grows by
1 percent per year. ln the second, it grows by 2 percent per
year. Use a calculator or a spreadsheet to determine how much
output per hour each nation will be producing 20 years later, as-
suming that labor productivity growth rates do not change.
Then,
determine how much eacll will be producing per hour 100 years
later. What do your results tell you about the effects of small
differences in productivity growth rates?
8-3 Evaluate the evidence that technological
change increases the unemployment rate
a. (Technological Change) Does technological change create
unemployment? What's the evidence?
t. (lechnological Change and Unemployment)What are some
examples, other than those given in the chapter, of technologi-
cal change that has caused unemploymen? And what are some
examples of new technologies that have created jobs? How do
5. you
think you might measure the net impact of technological change
on
overall employment and GDP in the United States?
CHAPTER 9
9-1 Explain what a consumPtion function
illustrates and interpret its slope
(Consumption)Use the following data to answer the questions
below:
Consumption
Real Disposable
lncome (billions)
$1 00
$200
$3oo
$400
a. Graph the consumption function, with consumption spending
on
the vefiical axis and disposable income on the horizontal axis.
b. lf the consumption function is a straight line, what is its
slope?
6. c. Fill in the saving column at each level of income. lf the
saving
function is a straight line, what is its slope?
(MPC and MPS)lf consumption increases by $12 billion when
disposable income increases by $t S billion, what is the value of
the MPC? What is the relationship between the MPC and the
MPS?
lf the MPC increases; what must happen to the MPS? How is the
MPC related t0 the consumption function? How is the MPS
related
to the saving function?
Expenditures
(billions)
$1 50
$200
$250
$300
Saving
(billions)
3. (Consumption and Saving)Suppose that consumption equals
7. $500 billion when disposable income is $0 and that each
increase
of $100 billion in disposable income causes consumption to
increase by $70 hillion. Draw a graph of the consumption func-
tion using this information. What is the slope of the
consumption
function?
9-2 Describe what can shift the
consumption function up or down
Consumption Function How would an increase in each of the
fol-
lowing affect the consumption function?
a. Net taxes
b. The interest rate
c. Consumer optimism, or confidence
d. The price level
e. Consumers' net wealth
f. Disposable income
9-3 Explain why investnrent varies more
than consumption from year to year
5. (lnvestmenfl Why does investment vary more than
consumption
from year to year?
8. a, (lnvestmen| Why would the following investment
expenditures
increase as the interest rate declines?
a. Purchases of a new plant and equipment
b. Construction of new housing
c. lncrease of inventories
9-4 Describe how the aggregate
expendiftrre line determines the quantity
of aggregate output demanded
t. (Aggregate Expenditure)What are the components of
aggregate
expenditure? ln the model developed in this chapter, which
compo-
nents vary with changes in the level of real GDP? What
determines
the slope of ths aggregate expenditure line?
a. (GDP Demanded)How is the aggregate expenditure line used
to
identify real GDP demanded assuming a given price level?
9-5 Determine the simple spending
multiplier and explain its relevance
(Simple Spending Multiplier)For each of the following values
for
the MPC, determine the size of the simple spending multiplier
9. and
the total change in real GDP demanded following a $10 billion
decrease in spending:
a. MPC -- 0.9
b, MPC: 0.75
c. MPC: 0.6
(Simple Spending Multiplie] Suppose that the MPC is 0.8 and
that
$14 trillion of real GDP is currently being demanded. The
govern-
ment wants to increase real GDP demanded to $15 trillion at the
given price level. By how much would it have to increase
govern-
ment purchases to achieve this goal?
(lnvestnent and the Multiplier)Ihis chapter assumes that
investment is autonomous. What would happen to the size of the
multiplier if investment increases as real GDP increases?
Explain,
9-6 Summarize the relationship between
the aggregate expendiarre line and
the aggregate demand cunre
12. (Shifts of Aggregate Demand)Assume the simple spending
multi"
plier equals 3. Determine the size and direction of any changes
of
10. the aggregate expenditure line, real GDP demanded, and the
aggre-
Ete demand curve for each of the following changes in
spending:
a. Spending rises by $8 billion at each income level.
b. Spending falls by $5 billion at each income level.
c. Spending rises by $20 billion at each income level.
GHAPTER 10
10-1 Explain what dptermines the
shape and position of the short-
run aggregate suPPly curye
(Natural Rate of Unemploymentl What is the relationship
between
potential output and the natural rate of unemployment?
a. lf the economy currently has a frictional unemployment rate
of 2 percent, structural unemployment of 2 percent, seasonal
unemployment of 0.5 percent, and cyclical unemployment of
2 percent, what is the natural rate of unemployment? Where is
the economy operating relative to its potential GDP?
b. What happens to the natural rate of unemployment and poten-
tial GDP if cyclical unemployment rises to 3 percent with other
types of unemployment unchanged from paft (a)?
11. c. What happens t0 the natural rate of unemployment and poten-
tial GDP if structural unemployment falls to 1 .5 percent with
other types of unemployment unchanged from part (a)?
(Real Wages) In the accompanying exhibit, how does the real
wage
rate at point c compare with the real wage rate at point a? How
do nominal wage rates compare at those two points? Explain
your
answers.
Long-Run Adjustment When the Price Level Exceeds
Expectations
Potential output
LRAS
14.O 14-2 Real G'DP
'--- -- (trillionsofdollars)
Expansionary gap
PROBLEMS APPENDIX 331
10-2 Describe the market forces
that push the economY toward its
potential output in the long run
12. (Expansionary and Recessionary Gaps,)Answer questions a
through
f on the basis of the following graph:
Potential
output
13.7 14.0 14.2
Real GDP (trillions)
a. If the actual price level exceeds the expected price level
reflected in longterm contracts, real GDP equals
-
and
the actual price level equals
-
in the short run.
b. The situation described in part (a) results in a(n)
-
gap
equal to
-.
c. lf the actual price level is lower than the expected price level
13. reflected in longterm contracts, real GDP equals
-
and
the actual price level equals
-
in the short run.
d. The situation described in part (c) results in a(n)
-
gap
eoual to
e. lf the actual price level equals the expected price level
reflected
in long-term contracts, real GDP equals
-
and the
actual price level equals in the shod run.
f. The situation described in paft (e) results in a(n)
-
gap
14. equal to
-.
t. (Long-Bun Adiustment)Ihe ability of the economy to
eliminate
any imbalances between actual and potential output is
sometimes
called self-conection, Using an aggregate supply and aggregate
demand diagram, show why this self-correction process involves
only temporary periods of inflation or deflation.
10-3 Explain why shifts of the aggregate
demand curue change the price level in the
long run but do not change potential outPut
(7 OOunnu in Aggregatesupp4, List three factors that can
change
-/ ths economy's potential output. What is the impact of shifts
of
the aggregate demand curve 0n potential output? lllustrate your
answers with a diagram.
10-4 Summarize what can shift an economy's
potential output in the long run
() Or*,r tnocksl Give an example of an adverse supply shock
and
V illustrate graphically. Now do the same for a beneficial
supply shock.
15. 3,32 PROBLEMS APPENDIX
GHAPTER 11
11-1 Describe the discretionary fiscal
policies to close a recessionary
gap and an exPansionary gap
(Fiscal Policy)DeIine fiscal policy. Determine whether each of
the
followmg, other factors held constant, would lead to an
increase, a
decrease, or no change in the level of real GDP demanded:
a, A decrease in government purchases
b. An increase in net taxes
c. A reduction in transfer payments
d. A decrease in the marginal propensity t0 consume
(Recessionary Gap)What is a recessionary gap? What fiscal
policy
might close that gap? Show with a graph.
(Expansionary Gap)What is anpxpansionary gap? What fiscal
policy might close that gap? Show with a graph'
(Changes in Government Purchases) Assume that government
pur-
chases decrease by $1 0 billion, with other factors held
16. constant,
including the price level. Calculate the change in the level of
real
GDP demanded for each of the following values of the MPC.
Then,
calculate the change if the government, instead of reducing its
purchases, increased autonomous net taxes by $1 0 billion.
a. 0.9
b. 0,8
c. 0.75
d. 0.6
(Fiscal Multipliers)Explain the difference between the
government
purchases multiplier and the net tax multiplier, lf the MPC falls,
what happens to the tax multiPlier?
(Muttipliers)Suppose investment, in addition to having an
autono-
mous component, also has a component that varies directly with
the level of real GDP How would this affect the size of the
spending
multiplier?
(Fiscat Poticy) Chapterl 1 shows that increased government pur-
17. chases, with taxes held constant, can eliminate a recessionary
gap,
How could a tax cut achieve the same result?
(Fiscat Policy with an Expansionary 6apl Using the aggregate
demand-aggregate supply model, illustrate an economy with an
expansionary gap. lf the government is to close the gap by
chang-
ing government purchases, should it increase or decrease those
purchases? ln the long run, what happens to the level of real
GDP
as a result of government intervention? What happens to the
price
level? lllustrate this 0n an AD-AS diagram, assuming that the
gov-
ernment changes its purchases by exactly the amount necessary
t0
close the gap.
11-2 Summarize fiscal policy from the
Great Depression to stagflation
9. (Evolution of Fiscal Policy)What did classical economists
assume
about the flexibility of prices, wages, and interest rates? What
did
18. this assumption imply about the self-correcting tendencies in an
economy in recession? What disagreements did Keynes have
with
classical economists?