This document provides an overview of the history of computers in education from the 1700s to the 1990s. It discusses how computers have evolved from early calculators used outside of academia to integrated tools used for instruction, administration, and vocational training in schools. It also outlines some of the major developments in computer technology over this period, such as the invention of the microprocessor in the 1970s, the creation of IBM PCs in the 1980s, and the rise of multimedia and CD-ROMs in schools during the 1990s. The document frames computers as a way to augment and increase human intellect and problem solving capabilities in an educational context.

1. The ComputerEDC5370 – Day 4

2. What is it?Device that receives, stores, and processes informationTool to augment human intellect and “increase the capability of a man to approach complex problem situation” (Engelbardt, 1962)

3. What forms can it have?

4. Hardware, Software?! What? Where?Software = Stuff you install and you can’t touchHardware = Parts that you can touchOther Stuff = Processing, Memory, and Input/Output devices (I/O)

5. POP QUIZ!CPURAMBitTerabyte

6. Who cares?! We are EDUCATORS!

7. Computers and Education1700sTeacher is the manager of instruction1940sVennevar BushFirst generation computers are created

8. Computers and Education1950sTechnology in classroom = blackboard and TVsFirst gen computers are used outside academiaGE sells first commercial computerSchools overcrowded

10. Computers and EducationStill in the 1950sNDEA (National Defense Education Act) *Vocational schools onlyNew technologies for computers +new technologies for space exploration

11. Computers and Education1960sPresident Kennedy = more $ into educationVocational Act passes Elementary and Secondary Education Act*Computers are used for administrators & school counseling (database)Vocational training programs include computer maintenanceVietnam = $ gone

12. Computers and EducationBefore 1970s CAI (Computer Aided Instruction)*Drill-and-practiceFirst research and development program*Stanford – Computer Curriculum Corporation*Reading, math, and foreign languages

13. Computers and Education1970s Invention of Microprocessor*Increased speed + reliability + lower costDebate about computers and education started. PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching Operations)TICCIT (Time-shared, Interactive, Computer-Controlled Information Television)15 million PCs worldwide

14. Computers and Education1980sIBM develops PCs (Personal Computers)CAI get acceptance in schoolscomputer-based tutorials and learning games are developed25% high schools use PCs for college and career guidanceSchools start using MS-DOSLaptops are created

15. Computers and EducationPart of the 1990sMultimedia PCs Simulations and educational programs are delivered through CD-ROMsGopher servers = Online-InformationSchools have at least 1 computer for instructional deliveryTo be continued…

16. Doug Engelbardt“Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework”

17. http://www.wordle.net