1. PERFORMANCPERFORMANC
EE OF AIROF AIR
CompressorCompressor
PREPARED BY- TARUN B PATEL
ME ENERGY ENGINEERING
140190739009
GUIDED BY- PROF.S V DAMANIYA

2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION OF THE COMPRESSOR
APPLICATION OF COMPRESSOR
COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM COMPONENTS
ASSESSMENT OF COMPRESSORS AND COMPRESSED AIR
SYSTEMS
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OPPORTUNITIES

3. INTRODUCTION
• Significant Inefficiencies
• Compressors: 5 to > 50,000 hp
• 70 – 90% of compressed air is lost

4. Conti…
• Benefits of managed system
• Electricity savings: 20 – 50%
• Maintenance reduced, downtime decreased,
production increased and product quality
improved.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF THE
COMPRESSOR
Type of
compressor
Positive
displacement
Dynamic
Reciprocating Rotary Centrifugal Axial

6. Reciprocating compressor

7. Rotary compressor

8. Centrifugal compressor

9. Conti…
Relative efficiency of compressors at various loading conditions

10. Conti…
•selection
•Efficiency at full, partial and no load
•Noise level
•Size
•Oil carry-over
•Vibration
•Maintenance
•Capacity
•Pressure

11. APPLICATION OF COMPRESSOR
OPERATION OF SMALL ENGINES
PNEUMATIC TOOLS
AIR HOISTS
INDUSTRIAL CLEANING BY AIR BLAST
TIRE INFLATION
PAINT SPRAYING
AIR LIFTING OF LIQUIDS
MANUFACTURE OF PLASTICS AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL
PRODUCTS
TO SUPPLY AIR IN MINE TUNNELS
OTHER SPECIALIZED INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

12. Compressed Air Systems
components
•Intake air filters
•Inter-stage coolers
•After coolers
•Air dryers
•Moisture drain traps
•Receivers

13. ASSESSMENTS OF COMPRESSORS
oPurpose of the Performance Test
oActual Free Air Delivery (FAD) of the compressor
oNozzle method
oPump up method
oIsothermal power required
oVolumetric efficiency
oSpecific power requirement

14. Conti…
• Performance terms
▫ Compression ratio
▫ Isothermal power
▫ Isothermal efficiency
▫ Volumetric efficiency
▫ Specific power requirement

15. Conti…
FAD BY NOZZLE METHOD

16. Conti…
Procedure for nozzle method

17. Conti…

18. Conti…

19. Conti…
Specific power consumption

20. Conti…
• Measuring instruments
▫ Manometer
▫ Tachometer
▫ Thermocouple
▫ Standard nozzle
▫ Psychrometer
▫ Electrical demand analyser
▫ Differential manometer

21. Conti…
•Leaks
• Consequences
• Energy waste: 20 – 30% of output
• Drop in system pressure
• Shorter equipment life
• Common leakage areas
• Couplings, hoses, tubes, fittings
• Pressure regulators
• Open condensate traps, shut-off valves
• Pipe joints, disconnects, thread sealants

22. Conti…
•Leak Quantification Method
•Total leakage calculation:
• T = on-load time (minutes)
• t = off-load time (minutes)
• Well maintained system: less than 10% leakages
Leakage (%) = [(T x 100) / (T + t)]

23. Conti…
• System leakage (m3/minute) = Q × T / (T + t)
Quantifying leaks on the shop floor

24. FACTORS AFFECTING COMPRESSOR
PERFORMANCE
1) Inlet air temperature
2) Dust inlet in air
3) Dryness of inlet air
4) Altitude/elevation
5) Performance of inter-stage & after coolers
6) Delivery pressure setting
7) Pressure drop in flow through pipes
8) Bends & fitting losses

25. Inlet air temperature

26. Dust inlet in air
Effect of Pressure Drop across Air Inlet Filter on Power Consumption

27. Dryness of inlet air
Moisture in Ambient Air at Various Humidity Levels

28. Altitude/elevation
Effect of Altitude on Volumetric Efficiency

29. Performance of inter-stage & after
coolers
Effect of Inter-stage Cooling on Specific Power Consumption
of a Reciprocating Compressor

30. Delivery pressure setting
Typical Power Savings through Pressure Reduction

31. Pressure drop in flow through pipes
Typical Energy Wastage due to Smaller Pipe Diameter
for 170 m3
/h(100 cfm)

32. Bends & fitting losses
Resistance of Pipe Fittings in Equivalent Lengths (in metres)

33. THANK YOUTHANK YOU