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Michael Walzer, a communitarian political philosopher criticized the theory of John Rawls and propounded the idea of complex ideology.
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The document discusses John Rawls' theory of justice, which argues that a just social contract can only exist if people make decisions from behind a "veil of ignorance" without knowing their status or position. It examines how Rawls believes liberty and equality should be the two fundamental principles of justice. Several appendices are included that provide examples intended to illustrate injustices in modern society and ways in which Rawls' principles are not fully realized.
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APA STYLE follow this textbook answer should be summarize for t.docx
APA STYLE
follow this textbook answer should be summarize for this below text
Study all types of Distributive Justice (6 or 7 total)
Summarize each in
one sentence
. Produce examples for each.
Don't use
any other text or article except this one.
There are different theories of how to make the basic distribution. Among them are:
1. Scope and Role of Distributive Principles
2. Strict Egalitarianism
3. The Difference Principle
4. Equality of Opportunity and Luck Egalitarianism
5. Welfare-Based Principles
6. Desert-Based Principles
7. Libertarian Principles
8. Feminist Principles
There are different theories of how to make the basic distribution. Among them are:
Strict Egalitarianism
One of the simplest principles of distributive justice is that of strict, or radical, equality. The principle says that every person should have the same level of material goods and services. The principle is most commonly justified on the grounds that people are morally equal and that equality in material goods and services is the best way to give effect to this moral ideal.
The Difference Principle
The most widely discussed theory of distributive justice in the past four decades has been that proposed by John Rawls in
A Theory of Justice
, (Rawls 1971), and
Political Liberalism
, (Rawls 1993). Rawls proposes the following two principles of justice:
· 1. Each person has an equal claim to a fully adequate scheme of equal basic rights and liberties, which scheme is compatible with the same scheme for all; and in this scheme the equal political liberties, and only those liberties, are to be guaranteed their fair value.
· 2. Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions: (a) They are to be attached to positions and offices open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity; and (b), they are to be to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society. (Rawls 1993, pp. 5–6. The principles are numbered as they were in Rawls' original
A Theory of Justice
.)
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In Dworkin's proposal we see his attitudes to ‘ambitions’ and ‘endowments’ which have become a central feature of luck egalitarianism (though under a wide variety of al.
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Study all types of Distributive Justice (6 or 7 total)
Summarize each in
one sentence
. Produce examples for each.
_____________________________________________
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Social Philosophy
he principle question for social philosophy is:
Who gets what????
This matter is known as DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE. Just how are the goods and services within any society to be distributed? In any society no matter how small (an island society) or how large (the People’s Republic of China) there will arise the question of how goods and services are to be distributed. Whether people will be free to work and keep what they earn or whether all must contribute in some way to the welfare of others, particularly those not capable of working and caring for themselves. Below there are a number of principles which have been developed in response to this problem of deciding how social life is to be regulated and people are to be cared for. Read these and note the differences.
Please READ:
On Distributive Justice:
There are different theories of how to make the basic distribution. Among them are:
1. Scope and Role of Distributive Principles
2. Strict Egalitarianism
3. The Difference Principle
4. Equality of Opportunity and Luck Egalitarianism
5. Welfare-Based Principles
6. Desert-Based Principles
7. Libertarian Principles
8. Feminist Principles
There are different theories of how to make the basic distribution. Among them are:
Strict Egalitarianism
One of the simplest principles of distributive justice is that of strict, or radical, equality. The principle says that every person should have the same level of material goods and services. The principle is most commonly justified on the grounds that people are morally equal and that equality in material goods and services is the best way to give effect to this moral ideal.
The Difference Principle
The most widely discussed theory of distributive justice in the past four decades has been that proposed by John Rawls in
A Theory of Justice
, (Rawls 1971), and
Political Liberalism
, (Rawls 1993). Rawls proposes the following two principles of justice:
· 1. Each person has an equal claim to.
Social inequality
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to social inequality, including social capital, social exclusion, poverty, and social welfare. It introduces theoretical perspectives on social inequality from Marxism, functionalism, and interpretivism. Marx viewed inequality as inherent to capitalism and necessary for the system to function, while functionalists see some inequality as necessary for meritocracy. The document discusses theorists related to each concept and poses questions for further discussion around the effects and experiences of social inequality.
Presentation the three worlds of welfare capitalism
The document outlines Esping-Andersen's theory of three worlds of welfare capitalism. It discusses how welfare states can be categorized into three regimes - Liberal, Corporatist, and Social Democratic - based on how they stratify social classes and commodify or decommodify labor. The Liberal regime minimizes decommodification and contains social rights to a clientele of low-income dependents. The Corporatist regime preserves status differentials through occupation-specific benefits. The Social Democratic regime promotes universal solidarity and preemptively socializes costs to allow choice beyond family or market dependence.
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This document outlines the first module of a course on Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. The module introduces the nature and goals of anthropology, sociology, and political science. It includes three lessons that cover cultural variation, social differences, political identities, and the dynamism of cultural, social, and political change. After completing the module, students are expected to be able to articulate observations on cultural variation, social differences, and political identities; analyze social, cultural, and political change; and identify the subjects of inquiry and goals of anthropology, sociology, and political science.
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Here are some key points to consider in this discussion:
- Gender identity refers to a person's internal sense of their own gender, whether male, female or something else, which may or may not correspond to their sex assigned at birth. Discrimination based on gender identity can negatively impact people's lives and well-being.
- Including gender identity as a protected class in anti-discrimination laws aims to promote equality and prevent unfair treatment of transgender and non-binary individuals in areas like employment, housing and public services. However, some argue this may infringe on religious freedoms or cause confusion.
- International human rights standards recognize gender identity as a ground of discrimination. Many developed nations have extended legal protections to transgender people
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- 2. ‘Spheres of Justice: A defense of Pluralism and Equality’- 1983. A communitarian account of distributive Justice. Criticized John Rawls’ theory of justice which suggest one universal set of principles for distribution of all primary social goods.
- 3. 1. Distinct spheres of distribution in every society. 2. Independent and autonomous sphere of distributive justice. 3. Different norms for distributive justice. 4. Different meaning and value of social goods in particular society. 5. No universal principles of distribution of social goods. 6. Specific principle for specific sphere of justice. 7. No conversion and exchange of among various spheres – Principle of ‘Blocked Exchanges’.
- 4. Family Love Age/need Politics Post/Office Leadership /hard work Health Care Need Education Knowledge Eligibility/ Hard work Market Money Hard work Spheres of Justice
- 5. 1. Different principles for different sphere of distribution of social goods. 2. Conversion or effect of one social good for other should be blocked. 3. It is the duty of the state to kept separate the various spheres of social justice. 4. Within a particular sphere there may be unequal distribution of specific social goods. 5. But sum total of position in different sphere may produce a ‘General Equality’.
- 6. 1. Difficult to implement. 2. Idealistic assumptions. 3. Required state intervention.