in this presentation I have done Comparative study of different Turbo Machines (Turbine-Compressor-Blower-Fan).

1. Comparative study of different Turbo Machines
(Turbine-Compressor-Blower-Fan)
Turbo Machines
1Rishikesh Trivedi,
1, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Galgotias University, U.P., India

3. Abstract:
The objective of this thesis to conduct a Comparative study of
different Turbo Machines (Turbine-Compressor-Blower-Fan) . The
effect of different target vanes can be seen at constant flow rate by
changing the type of target vanes . The vanes used in this experiment
can be categorised into four geometries Flat, inclined, conical and
spherical vanes. Experimental forces are depended on flow rate
nozzle exit velocity impact velocity and shape of vanes.
Keywords : Force Analysis, Jet Momentum theory, Flow rates, Target vanes

4. General layout of Hydroelectric Power plant

5. Hydraulic Efficiencies(ηh)
ηh =
Power delivered to runner
Power supplied at inlet
=
𝑅.𝑃.
𝑊.𝑃.
=
𝑊 vw1 +
Vw2 ∗𝑢
𝑔∗1000

6. Mechanical Efficiency(ηm)
ηm =
Power at the shaft of the Turbine
Power delivered by water to the runner
=
𝑆.𝑃.
𝑅.𝑃.

7. Volumetric Efficiency(ηv)
ηv =
Volume of water actually striking the runner
Volume of water supplied to the turbine

8. Overall Efficiency(ηo)
ηo =
Volume available at the shaft of the turbine
Power supplied at the inket of the turbine
=
𝑆.𝑃.
𝑊.𝑃.
=
𝑆.𝑃.
𝑊.𝑃.
*
𝑅.𝑃.
𝑅.𝑃.
=
𝑆.𝑃.
𝑅.𝑃.
*
𝑅.𝑃.
𝑊.𝑃.
= ηm * ηh

9. Different types of turbine:
1. Pelton Wheel

10. 2. Radial Flow Reaction Turbine

11. 3. Axial Flow Reaction Turbine(Kaplan)

12. 4. Franics Turbine

13. COMPRESSORs
A compressor is a mechanical device
that increases the pressure of a gas by
reducing its volume. An
air compressor is a specific type of
gas compressor.

14. Types of Compressors:

16. V. Analytical Discussion
• Maximum experimental forces were obtained for spherical vane.
• Minimum experimental forces were obtained for inclined vane.
• Experimental forces for flat vane were greater than inclined and conical vane but less than
spherical vane.
• Experimental forces for conical vane were greater than inclined vane but less than spherical and
flat vane.
• Minimum amount of flow rates were required for spherical vane.
• Maximum amount of flow rates were required for inclined vane.
• Flow rates for flat vane were greater than spherical vane but less than conical and inclined vane.
• Flow rates for conical vane were greater than spherical and flat vane but less than inclined vane.
• It was also observed that the experimental forces were lower than the theoretically required
force.
• Theoretical forces were greater than the experimental forces because the friction inside the pipe.

17. VI. CONCLUSION
The main target of this paper is to focus on the experimental analysis of the impact of water jet on
different types of vanes. Impact of jet apparatus is utilized to demonstrate the way in which fluid force
is being utilized for generating a force. The force can turn a turbine. Moreover, it is possible to convert
the kinetic energy in a flowing fluid from a nozzle to a rotary motion of the turbine with the help of
vanes fitted on shaft of the turbine. The jet is directed to vane of turbine wheel that is rotated by the
force generates due to change of momentum of the fluid according to Newton’s second law of motion
[8]. The principle is used in designing impulse turbine; part of the fluid energy is transformed to kinetic
energy in a nozzle that issues a jet of fluid at high speed [8]. The experiment was done successfully,
even though the data collected were a little bit difference compared to the theoretical values. These
variations are due to human and servicing factors such as parallax error. Moreover, dirty water
container may create error. Additionally, error may be introduced due to stop watch use and viscosity
effects. In order to reduce the differences between the theoretical and experimental value of forces,
some recommendations may be taken. The position of the observer’s eye must be 90° perpendicular to
the focusing object. It is necessary to ensure that the apparatus functioning perfectly in order to get an
accurate result. It is necessary to ensure constant water supply of pump. The time should be measured
very carefully with the help of stop watch. It is necessary to ensure that no bubble is present in the
water. The jet must impinge at the center of the vane. The flow rate must be measured very carefully. It
is necessary to record the weights very carefully.

18. REFERENCES