COMMUNICATION AND TYPES

1. COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION COMMON GROUND FOR
UNDERSTANDING OUR EFFORTS TOWARDS
COMMON GOAL DEVELOPS ‘WE’ FEELING
SUCCESS OF OUR CONCERTED EFFORTS IN
ACHIEVING OUR COMMON OBJECTIVE.
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2. Communication connects all living beings.
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3. COMMUNICATION
 A Baby Cries to Convey its Hunger.
A Dog Barks to warm his Master.
No groups can Exists Without
Communication.
Communication is a thread by which you
Tie yourself to the World and the
World to You.
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4. DEFINITIONS OF COMMUNICATION
 Communication is the process of exchanging
information through the common system of symbols,
signs and behavior. the synonyms for communication
are feelings, speaking, corresponding, writing,
listening, exchanging etc.
 Communication is defined as a process by which
we assign and convey meaning in an attempt to
create shared understanding.
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5. TRIFURCATION OF COMMUNICATION
IMPACT
07% Words – Impact on conscious mind.
38% Voice Tonality - Impact on subconscious
mind.
55% Body Language – impact on sub
conscious mind.
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6. The Communication Process
• Sender has an idea
• Sender encodes the idea
• Sender transmits the message
• Receiver gets the message
• Receiver decodes the message
• Receiver sends feedback
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7. COMMUNICATION SERVES FIVE MAJOR
PURPOSES
To Inform
To Imagine
To Meet Social Expectations
To Express Feelings
To Influence
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8. COMMUNICATION
Communication
=
Understanding Of the spoken Words
+
accompanying symbols and gestures.
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9. What are the most common ways we communicate?
Written Word

10. PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
ONE WAY COMMUNICATION PROCESS
IDEA MESSAGE Received
Message
Idea
Tx
Transmitter
Encoding
Medium
Decoding
RX ( Receiver)
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11. PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
TWO WAY COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Idea Encoding
Message
Medium
Received
Message
Idea
Decoding
RX ( Receiver )
TX
(Transmitter)
Feedback Feedback
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12. Classification of Communication
Types of communication
On the basis
of direction
On the basis
of expression
On the basis
of organization
verbal
Downward
Non
verbal
Upward
Informal
Formal
Horizontal
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13. DIRECTION OF COMMUNICATION
Downward (Policy, Directions, Informations )
Upward ( Grievances, Problems, Information )
Horizontal ( Co- Ordination, Information )
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14. On the basis of expression
There are two types of communication.
(1) Verbal
(2) Non-verbal
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15. Verbal communication
Verbal communication also divided into two
parts-
(1) Oral
(2) Written
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16. Oral communication
It occurs through words the spoken words.
In oral communication , the two parties, the sender
and the receiver , exchange their views through
speech ,either in face to face communication between
individual and individual ,or between an individual
and the group, or through any mechanicals or
electrical device.
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17. Advantages of oral communication
1.Immediate feedback-the biggest advantage of oral
communication is that it provides immediate
feedback to both the sender and the receiver.
2.Time saving- oral communication is very fast. It
saves the time involved in writing the message.
3.Personal touch-oral communication build upon
healthy climate in the organization by bringing
superiors and subordinates.
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18. 4.flexibility- oral communication provides an
opportunity to the speaker to correct himself and
make himself clear by changing his voice, pitch,
tone,etc.
5.Secrecy – oral message can be more easily kept
confidential than written messages.
6.Group communication- oral communication is
extremely useful for communicating with groups in
meetings, conferences,etc.
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Advantages of oral communication

19. Limitations of oral communication
1.Poor retention-the listener cannot retain oral
message in his memory for a long period of
time . The speaker himself may not recall what
he actually said.
2.No record- oral communication provides no
record for future reference.
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20. 3.Misunderstanding – oral communication are likely to
be misunderstood due to poor vocal expression and
noise.
4.Lack of responsibility-oral message are not recorded
.therefore, it becomes difficult to hold persons
responsible for mistakes, inaccuracy.
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Limitations of oral communication

21. Make oral communication effective
1.Clarity
2.Brevity
3.Right words
4.Understand the listener
5.Natural voice
6.Logical sequence
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22. Written communication
Written communication is often resorted to by the
management for messages that are lengthy and have
to be made permanent. Written communication
involves transmission of information through letters,
notices, circulars, memos, reports, etc.
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23. Advantages of written communication
1.Wide access- written communication is the most
economical and probably the only means of
communication when the sender and receiver of the
message are separated by long distances.
2.Precision and accuracy- written messages are
prepared with due thought and care.
3.Repetition – written messages can be read again and
again.
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24. 4.Permanent record-written communication provides
permanent record for future reference. Such written
message records of policy decisions and performance
in the past serve as a good guide for decision making
and planning in future.
5.Lengthy message-written communication is very
suitable for transmitting lengthy messages.
6.Convenience –the personal presence of neither the
sender nor the receiver of message at a certain place
at the same time is necessary.
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Advantages of written communication

25. Limitations of written communication
1.Time consuming- in addition to the time involved in
sending written messages, time has to be spent in
putting the message in writing.
2.Costly –written communication is costly than oral
communication.
3.Lack of secrecy- it is difficult to keep written
messages completely secret.
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26. 4.Rigidity – written communication lacks flexibility.
On the spot clarifications and adjustments cannot be
made.
5.Impersonal –written communication tend to be
formal and there is lack of personal touch.
6.Delayed feedback-immediate feedback is not
possible in case of written communication.
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Limitations of written communication

27. Non-verbal communication
• Non-verbal communication is a wordless form
of communication. It is mainly a silent form of
communication that does not involve speech
or words.
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28. Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions,
eye contact, tone of voice, body posture and motions,
and positioning within groups. It may also include the
way we wear our clothes or the silence we keep.
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29. BODILY SPEAKING…
 According to the social
anthropologist, Edward T.
Hall, in a normal
conversation between two
persons, less than 35% of
the social meanings is
actually transmitted by
words.
 So, at least 65% of it is
conveyed through the body
(non-verbal channel).
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30. Have you ever heard anyone say, "His actions spoke
so loudly I couldn't hear what he said?"
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31. Categories
• Physical. This is the
personal type of
communication. It
includes facial
expressions, tone of
voice, sense of
touch, sense of
smell, and body
motions.
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32. • Aesthetic. This is the type of communication that
takes place through creative expressions: playing
instrumental music, dancing, painting and sculpturing.
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33. Signs
Use of various signs in non verbal
communication
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34. • Symbolic. This is the type of communication that makes use
of religious, status, or ego-building symbols.
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35. Facial Expressions
• Face is the index of
Mind
• The eyes, the lips
and the muscles
express many
feelings
• It can also be
deceived by
manipulation
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36. The Eyes
• Stare or fixed gaze suggest
involvement or wonder or
eye disapproval.
• Raised looks show
dominance.
• Downcast looks suggest
weakness and submission
• Direct eye contact
communicates honesty,
transparency and neutral
attitude.
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37. Eyes gives us a definite impression
about a person in front of us
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38. Eye contact signals need for affiliation,
an involvement with the other person
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39. Eye is the
window of the
mind
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40. Gestures and Postures
Positive Gestures
• Open Palms
• Eye-to-eye confrontation
• Smile
• Equal Handshake
Postures
• Standing position
• Walking style
• Hand Movements
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41. Body Language(Kinesics):
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42. Body Language(Kinesics):
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43. Body Language(Kinesics):
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44. Body Language(Kinesics):
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How do you do it?
• The handshake should be firm.
• While shaking hands establish eye
contact and always smile
• The person who initiates the handshake
is the one who closes it.

46. Double Handed Shake
Trust and affection
Intimate friends or relatives
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47. Globe Hand Shake
The person initiating such a gesture offers his
right hand to the person in front for hand
shake and then puts left his trustworthiness 47

48. Finger tip hand shake
It show that there is a lack of
trust in the self and in the other
person
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49. Stiff Arm Thrust
A person wishes to keep the other
at a distance
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50. Dead fish handshake
There is no warmth feeling.
It is life less 50

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52. The knuckle Grinder
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53. Handshakes
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57. When a person rubs his palms together
he is communicating something
positive
News of success
Cheerful 57

58. If a person Sits back , crosses his arms
and legs, it is definite that his decision
is negative 58

59. Folding of one or both the arms across
the chest is an indication
Coming threat or occurrence
of some undesirable event 59

60. Folding arms indicates the social
status also
Boss intends to speak to his juniors
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61. NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION
Brisk, erect walk Confidence
Standing with hands on hips Readiness, aggression
Sitting with legs crossed, foot
kicking slightly
Boredom
Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed
Arms crossed on chest Defensiveness
Walking with hands in
pockets, shoulders hunched
Dejection / Depression
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62. NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION
Hand to cheek Evaluation, thinking
Touching, slightly rubbing
nose
Rejection, doubt, lying
Rubbing the eye Doubt, disbelief
Hands clasped behind back Anger, frustration,
apprehension
Locked ankles Apprehension
Head resting in hand, eyes
downcast
Boredom
Rubbing hands Anticipation 62

63. NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION
Sparkling eyes Excitement
Biting Lip Nervousness
Nail biting Nervousness and anxiety
Repetitive behavior Restlessness
Playing with button hair and
clothing
Restlessness
Hanging head, looking at the
floor
Shyness or embarrassment
Wrinkled nose Disgust
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64. Ten Rules for Good Listening
Rule Listening Reasoning Behind the Rule
1. Stop talking You cannot listen if you are talking.
2. Put the person at ease Help a person feel free to talk; create a
permissive environment.
3. Show the person you Look and act interested; listen to
want to listen understand, not to oppose.
4.Remove distractions Don’t doodle, tap, or shuffle papers;
shut the door, if necessary
to achieve quiet.
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65. Ten Rules for Good Listening
Rule Listening Reasoning Behind the Rule
5. Empathize Try to see the other person’s
point of view.
6. Be patient Allow plenty of time; do not
interrupt; don’t start for the
door or walk away.
7. Hold your temper An angry person takes the
wrong meaning from words.
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66. Ten Rules for Good Listening
Rule Listening Reasoning Behind the Rule
8.Go easy on argument Don’t refuse to listen to the people
and criticism or become angry; do not argue-
even if you win, you lose.
9. Ask questions This encourages a person and
shows that you are listening; it
helps to develop points further.
10. Stop talking This is first and last, because all
other guides depend on it; you
cannot listen effectively while you
are talking.
Source: Adapted from Human Behavior at Work, Fifth Edition, by Keith Davis. 1977.
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