1. UNIT-I
Introduction to communication
UNIT-II
2.1 Listening Skills: Principles of Listening skills (refer to Etiquette), Interpersonal Skills
2.2 Speaking Skills: Presentation Skills, Principles of speaking (refer to Etiquette)
2.3 Reading Skills: 4 easy steps to increase reading skills (refer to Accelerated Learning)
Exercises.
2.4 Writing Skills: Principles of Writing
2.5 Study skills: Accelerated Learning
2.6 People Skills: Interpersonal Skills, stress management. Facilitation skills,Negotiation,
Conflict management, Decision making, Planning, Leadership
2.7 Soft skills: Accelerated Learning, self motivation & goal setting, self awareness,
Communication skills, Planning & Learning.
2.8 Linguistic skills: Lessons in propowerl (ppl)
2.9 Communication skills: Presentation skills
UNTT-III
3.1 Phonetics: Lessons and Exercises in PP1
3.2 American English: TOEFL, GRE (Kaplan's)
UNIT-IV
4.1 Resume
4.2 Letter writing: (Planning module) Letter Writing
4.3 Technical Write up, Writing with a Purpose
UNIT-V
5.1 Conversation styles: Negotiation, Etiquette
5.2 Face to Face Interaction: Etiquette, Interpersonal Skills
5.3 Telephonic Interaction: CUP Software
5.4 Group Interaction: Etiquette, Interpersonal Skills
5.5 Body Language: Etiquette
UNIT-VI
6.1 Elocution: Write the topic
6.2 Debate: Write the topic and your role
6.3 Group Discussion: Do's and don't. Analysis of the Topic, view points
6.4 Presentation: Technical Seminar
6.5 Extempore: Topic

2. Introduction
The Amazon is one of the largest rivers of the world. It is the chief river of the South
America. It is the second longest river in the world after the Nile in Africa. Its flow is the world
largest so far. Amazon has a total river flow greater than the next ten largest rivers
combined. It is also one of the deepest rivers. Amazon River is the main artery of the whole
Amazon rainforest system and washes most of the villages and towns in the region.
Geographical Location
Amazon River is located in South America. Beginning in the high Andes Mountains in Peru,
it flows to Atlantic Ocean through Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Guiana, Suriname
and Brazil. These river systems in these five countries are called the Upper Amazon. So far,
the Amazon River proper flows mostly in Peru and Brazil. (Amazon River 2007)
According to some old research, the Amazon is 6.280 km long. It is the second longest river
in the world (Andrew, M. 2000). However, there are some scientists claimed that the
Amazon is actually longer than the Nile. The Amazon is 6.800 km long while the Nile is
6.695 km long (Duffy, G. 2007). So this problem is still debated.
The Amazon Basin is the largest drainage basin in the world. It covers about 40 percent of
South America. In an average dry season, 110.000 square kilometres of land are water-
covered. In the wet season, the flooded area of the Amazon Basin rises to 350,000 square
kilometres. Volume of water released by the Amazon to the Atlantic Ocean is up to 300,000
cubic meters per second in the rainy season. The Amazon is responsible for about 20% of
the total volume of freshwater entering the ocean. (Amazon River 2007)
History
The Amazon was discovered by Franisco de Orellana, who is an explorer, in 1541. After
descending the river from Quito, Ecuador, to the Atlantic, Orellana claimed to have seen
women tribal warriors, and he named the river Amazonas for the women warriors of Greek
mythology. (Amazon River 2007)
Seasonal flooding is characteristic of many tropical rivers. The lowest flood stage occurs in
August and September. The highest stage occurs in April and May. Tributaries of the
Guyana Shield flood in June, the tributaries of the Brazilian Shield flood in March or April.
Impact of Human Use
The Amazon is a good place to explore and tour. More than one-third of all species in the
world live in the Amazon Rainforest. Moreover, the Amazon River has over 3,000 recognized
species of fish and that number is still growing. However, fishing might reduce the number of
fishes in this river.
The Amazon River is a largest and deepest river in the world. Thus, it is very easy for
boating and shipping. So trading between countries will be easier.
The Amazon River also used for drinking and bathing. Bathing increases the pollution of this
river. Then people use water for drinking. So it may make some diseases for people.

3. Pollutants
There are three main environmental problems: anthropogenic pressures, owing to the
uncontrolled expansion of human activities which contribute to the destruction of fragile
ecosystems; deforestation and clearing of plant cover causing soil loss and erosion, reduced
biodiversity, and sedimentation in the rivers; changes in the hydrologic cycle associated with
changes in the global climate and exacerbated by the alteration of the Amazonian forests
due to the fires and the droughts. Thus, the result is water pollution and quality degradation.
(Amazon River Basin 2005)
People cause the most pollution in the Amazon. They account for most of the pollution via
industrial means. Industrial expansion of the Amazon has caused destruction of the plants,
animals, and environment. It also causes water pollution by leaking hazardous materials into
the rivers, tributaries and underwater.
Impact of a Proposed or Completed Project
The water project series number 8 of Organization of American States was carried out in
October 2005. Its name is Integrated and Sustainable Management of Transboundary Water
Resources in the Amazon River Basin. The goal of this project is protection and
management of the land and water resources of the Amazon River Basin in the face of
ongoing climatic changes being experienced in the Basin. This goal can be stated as seven
specific objectives: make progress toward the integrated management of land and water
resources through more effective decision-making by the relevant national institutions, to
determine the vulnerability of people and ecosystems to the consequent changes in aquatic
and terrestrial ecosystems; strengthen the shared strategic vision of the Basin as the basis
for integrated land and water resource planning and management; strengthen the technical-
institutional structure for the identification of land and water resources at risk of
environmental impairment (critical areas or "hot spots") in order to protect and/or rehabilitate
these areas; generate more knowledge about the types and sources of water pollution in the
Basin, the means to monitor them, and the mechanisms to attack their root causes; assess
the vulnerability of ecosystems and local communities to climatic variations, particularly
those resulting in droughts and floods; make progress toward the harmonization of the legal
framework for the sustainable development and management of the Basin, the development
of economic instruments, the strengthening of technical and institutional capacities, and the
promotion of public participation; and strengthen the TCA Secretariat as an effective
coordination agency for countries in the Basin in the short-, medium-, and long-terms.
(Amazon River Basin 2005)
Conclusion
The Amazon River is a wonder of the world. It is not only a largest river; it is also the deepest
river of the world. Furthermore, it is one of the longest rivers. There are over 3.000 species
of fish in this river. Furthermore, it has a lot of effects on human activities such as boating,
shipping, fishing, tourism, drinking and bathing. Also, there are a lot of reasons why the
Amazon River is polluted such as rubbish, mercury and industrialization. So limiting
pollutants, reducing deforestation, reducing rubbish and raising people knowledge are very
necessary to protect the Amazon River from pollution.
Read more: http://essaybank.degree-essays.com/geography/the-
amazon.php#ixzz289nUDH9T