Communicating Effectively Worksheet Answer the following questions, using information from this week’s readings. Respond to each question in 100 to 200 words. 1. Briefly explain the seven elements of the speech communication process. How do these elements determine a speech’s success or failure? 2. What is the difference between hearing and listening? What are some techniques you could employ to improve your listening skills? 3. Compare the four methods of delivering oral presentations. What are the benefits and drawbacks of each? 4. What are some ways to use your voice and body effectively when giving an oral presentation? In which areas do you need to improve? CHILD DEVELOPMENT (essay) Beginning with Chapter 6 in your text and after visiting the links below, write an essay (3-5 pages of writing + a reference page) on the interrelatedness of infants’ temperament, attachment, and parental behavior that sets the tone for socioemotional well-being throughout childhood. Caregiver and Child Influences on Attachment: http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/En/News/Series/Attachment/Pages/Attachment-Part-Four-Parent-and-child-influences-on-attachment.aspx Infant Attachment: http://aspe.hhs.gov/daltcp/reports/inatrpt.htm Dr. Jerome Kagan’s Infant Temperament YouTube video: http://youtu.be/CGjO1KwltOw (discussion) The central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and the spinal cord, is the division of the nervous system that processes information and directs behavior. Genetically predetermined brain development makes possible new behaviors, which lead to new interactions with the environment that then influence brain development. Using the text (Chapter 4) and the links provided to apply to your response, discuss what you found most interesting about brain development and the CNS during infancy. The Whole Brain Atlas: http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/home.html Children and Brain Development: http://umaine.edu/publications/4356e/ HISTORY (The Cold War/Suburbanization and the "Sixties") Assignment: Getting Familiar with Your Period: On the Lookout for Happiness (Weeks 4-5) Background Reading At this point, you have your assigned chronological period. Now you will have two weeks to do what we are thinking about as “background reading.” In this reading you should be familiarizing yourself with some of the general contours of your historical period, as well as thinking about your own particular interests. That is, you should be learning about basic dates, events, personalities, themes, and problems. You should be considering politics, economics, as well as social and cultural life. Your background reading will involve so-called secondary sources in preparation for your later work with primary sources. There is no expectation that for this study you are going to be looking at bundles and bundles of background material, and that you need to become an “expert” in your period. At this point, you’re not even expected to.

1. Communicating Effectively Worksheet
Answer the following questions, using information from this
week’s readings. Respond to each question in 100 to 200 words.
1. Briefly explain the seven elements of the speech
communication process. How do these elements determine a
speech’s success or failure?
2. What is the difference between hearing and listening?
What are some techniques you could employ to improve your
listening skills?
3. Compare the four methods of delivering oral presentations.
What are the benefits and drawbacks of each?
4. What are some ways to use your voice and body effectively
when giving an oral presentation? In which areas do you need to
improve?
CHILD DEVELOPMENT
(essay)
Beginning with Chapter 6 in your text and after visiting the

2. links below, write an essay (3-5 pages of writing + a reference
page) on the interrelatedness of infants’ temperament,
attachment, and parental behavior that sets the tone for
socioemotional well-being throughout childhood.
Caregiver and Child Influences on Attachment:
http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/En/News/Series/Attachment/Pag
es/Attachment-Part-Four-Parent-and-child-influences-on-
attachment.aspx
Infant Attachment:
http://aspe.hhs.gov/daltcp/reports/inatrpt.htm
Dr. Jerome Kagan’s Infant Temperament YouTube video:
http://youtu.be/CGjO1KwltOw
(discussion)
The central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and
the spinal cord, is the division of the nervous system that
processes information and directs behavior. Genetically
predetermined brain development makes possible new
behaviors, which lead to new interactions with the environment
that then influence brain development.
Using the text (Chapter 4) and the links provided to apply to
your response, discuss what you found most interesting about
brain development and the CNS during infancy.
The Whole Brain Atlas:
http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/home.html
Children and Brain Development:
http://umaine.edu/publications/4356e/
HISTORY (The Cold War/Suburbanization and the "Sixties")
Assignment: Getting Familiar with Your Period: On the Lookout
for Happiness (Weeks 4-5)
Background Reading
At this point, you have your assigned chronological period.
Now you will have two weeks to do what we are thinking about

3. as “background reading.” In this reading you should be
familiarizing yourself with some of the general contours of your
historical period, as well as thinking about your own particular
interests. That is, you should be learning about basic dates,
events, personalities, themes, and problems. You should be
considering politics, economics, as well as social and cultural
life.
Your background reading will involve so-called secondary
sources in preparation for your later work with primary sources.
There is no expectation that for this study you are going to be
looking at bundles and bundles of background material, and that
you need to become an “expert” in your period. At this point,
you’re not even expected to look at primary documents, but of
course, we expect that this work will prepare you for the next
assignment involving looking for relevant primary materials.
Please keep track of the materials you are finding and using and
develop a bibliography of sources that you consult. (You will
post this.)
You should also keep notes as a way to organize what you are
learning about your historical period from these sources. Also
keep track in your notes of your own particular interests in and
questions about what you see emerging.
Signs of Happiness
As you are gaining more understanding of your period as a
whole, you should also begin to be on the lookout for “signs” of
happiness. That is, you should be asking yourself: Is the topic
of happiness or well-being emerging anywhere in my period,
explicitly or implicitly?
For example, do you see signs of happiness in a political
platform? In certain people's lives? In a social movement? In
economic or social changes that are taking place? Anywhere
else?)
But once again, here is something very important: Please
remember that there is no “right” or “wrong” place to look!
What to Turn In
By the close of week 5, you should post the bibliography of

4. resources that you have used to gain a background/overview of
your period. Your bibliography should have at least five
different sources. (This does not mean that you will have read
five books! It means that you should have consulted at least 5
different sources.)
Please use the following format for print sources: Author. Date.
Title (in italics). City. Publisher. Pages you looked at, as
follows:
Jones, Andrew. 1999. Thinking about American History.
Boston: Ambrose Publishers.
For web sources, include the URL and the date retrieved such as
follows:
Matthews. Zena. The 60s in Perspective. Date written. Retrieved
on June 6, 1980.
For each source, you should also include one or two sentences
describing why you have chosen this particular source. What
does it contain that you think will be useful to your work?
Though you will have also taken notes on your historical period,
you do not need to turn these in. Rather, they will be useful for
you to consult as you later work on your primary sources in
historical context.
Math History
(discussion)
Discuss the concept of zero in the context of the cultures
written about in Crest of the Peacock.
What is important about the concept of zero beyond its use as
a place holder?
What is the significance of using a particular symbol to
represent an absence of quantity?
What role does zero play as a mathematical concept and how
did it fit within the cultures as it was first understood?
What challenges were faced by cultures that did not have a
zero in their number system and how were these challenges
addressed?
Remember that zero was separately realized in different ways

5. by various cultures.
short essay
Joseph points out that well into the 20th century, math
historians wrote as if real mathematics began with the ancient
Greeks with minor contributions from non-Europeans, all
culminating in a universal, superior mathematics developed in
Europe and a few major colonial outposts. More recently math
historians have recognized the non-European roots of
mathematics but rarely acknowledge any current cultural
influences on mathematical ideas. Ethnomathematicians argue
that the kind of mathematics that develops, even the questions
that are asked, depends on the culture in which the ideas grow.
Please address the following questions in your essay:
Why is "Western" mathematics so dominant today? or is it?
After reading the selections about number systems and
arithmetic in Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and the Islamic area,
what similarities do you find in their development? What
differences? What most surprised you about the development of
number systems in these regions?
Remember to support your claims and opinions with properly
cited references.
discussion
Assignment: Choosing Relevant Primary Sources
So here is your task over the next two weeks (weeks 6-7):
Given what you have learned so far, and given the research
sources provided in History Matters, identify fiveprimary
documents that seem relevant to the questions about happiness
that have become of special interest to you.
Keep in mind that there are probably three steps that you will
take:
After thinking about your period as a whole, identify events

6. themes, people, topics in which happiness and/or well-being has
either explicitly or implicitly been raised or addressed.
Once you have those themes or questions or events in mind,
consider which collections in U.S. History Matters might
contain one or more primary sources that connect to them in
some way.
Search within those sites for at least five relevant primary
sources. (You won't interpret these until your next assignment.)
Note: the five primary sources you choose should have come
from at least two different sites. Of course you should look at
more than two sites, and you probably will, but ultimately your
primary sources should come from at least two online sources.
To complete this assignment, you should post the URL links to
the five primary sources that you have chosen. As in the
previous assignment, for each source, you should include one or
two sentences describing why you have chosen this particular
source.
Note: in all probability, the instructor will not open up each of
the links that every student has posted, but rather will review
one or two of your links to see if you have indeed begun to
locate some relevant historical sources. It will be through your
interpretation of those documents (in the next assignment) that
your instructor will gain a clearer understanding of the
connections you are identifying between the documents you
have chosen and happiness.
Note: As you do your research on your primary sources, your
questions about happiness may change. That's a good thing!
Again, we are not assuming you are beginning as an expert, nor
that after you spend four weeks investigating the period that
you will come out being an expert. What we do know is that
through your reading, you will be better and better able to pick
up themes, names, and events that might lead you to further
investigation (that is, to raising more and clearer questions)
using primary sources.

7. math
It is time to pick a book to read for the Module 6 book review.
If you have not chosen a book, review the list to make your
selection. Be sure to check on availability. Math books can be
hard to find sometimes. All of the books on the list were
available at online booksellers recently. However, some of them
will be available at larger commercial bookstores, college
bookstores, or even a good public library. A phone call or two
should be all it takes to find something satisfactory.
When you have chosen a book and know that you can obtain it,
write a paragraph telling me which book you will read and why
you chose it.

11. CHILD DEVELOPMENT
(essay)
Beginning with Chapter 6 in your text and after visiting the
links below, write an essay (3-5 pages of writing + a reference
page) on the interrelatedness of infants’ temperament,
attachment, and parental behavior that sets the tone for
socioemotional well-being throughout childhood.
Caregiver and Child Influences on Attachment:
http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/En/News/Series/Attachment/Pag
es/Attachment-Part-Four-Parent-and-child-influences-on-
attachment.aspx
Infant Attachment:
http://aspe.hhs.gov/daltcp/reports/inatrpt.htm
Dr. Jerome Kagan’s Infant Temperament YouTube video:
http://youtu.be/CGjO1KwltOw
(discussion)
The central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and
the spinal cord, is the division of the nervous system that
processes information and directs behavior. Genetically
predetermined brain development makes possible new
behaviors, which lead to new interactions with the environment
that then influence brain development.
Using the text (Chapter 4) and the links provided to apply to
your response, discuss what you found most interesting about
brain development and the CNS during infancy.
The Whole Brain Atlas:
http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/home.html
Children and Brain Development:
http://umaine.edu/publications/4356e/
HISTORY (The Cold War/Suburbanization and the "Sixties")

12. Assignment: Getting Familiar with Your Period: On the Lookout
for Happiness (Weeks 4-5)
Background Reading
At this point, you have your assigned chronological period.
Now you will have two weeks to do what we are thinking about
as “background reading.” In this reading you should be
familiarizing yourself with some of the general contours of your
historical period, as well as thinking about your own particular
interests. That is, you should be learning about basic dates,
events, personalities, themes, and problems. You should be
considering politics, economics, as well as social and cultural
life.
Your background reading will involve so-called secondary
sources in preparation for your later work with primary sources.
There is no expectation that for this study you are going to be
looking at bundles and bundles of background material, and that
you need to become an “expert” in your period. At this point,
you’re not even expected to look at primary documents, but of
course, we expect that this work will prepare you for the next
assignment involving looking for relevant primary materials.
Please keep track of the materials you are finding and using and
develop a bibliography of sources that you consult. (You will
post this.)
You should also keep notes as a way to organize what you are
learning about your historical period from these sources. Also
keep track in your notes of your own particular interests in and
questions about what you see emerging.
Signs of Happiness
As you are gaining more understanding of your period as a
whole, you should also begin to be on the lookout for “signs” of
happiness. That is, you should be asking yourself: Is the topic
of happiness or well-being emerging anywhere in my period,
explicitly or implicitly?
For example, do you see signs of happiness in a political
platform? In certain people's lives? In a social movement? In

13. economic or social changes that are taking place? Anywhere
else?)
But once again, here is something very important: Please
remember that there is no “right” or “wrong” place to look!
What to Turn In
By the close of week 5, you should post the bibliography of
resources that you have used to gain a background/overview of
your period. Your bibliography should have at least five
different sources. (This does not mean that you will have read
five books! It means that you should have consulted at least 5
different sources.)
Please use the following format for print sources: Author. Date.
Title (in italics). City. Publisher. Pages you looked at, as
follows:
Jones, Andrew. 1999. Thinking about American History.
Boston: Ambrose Publishers.
For web sources, include the URL and the date retrieved such as
follows:
Matthews. Zena. The 60s in Perspective. Date written. Retrieved
on June 6, 1980.
For each source, you should also include one or two sentences
describing why you have chosen this particular source. What
does it contain that you think will be useful to your work?
Though you will have also taken notes on your historical period,
you do not need to turn these in. Rather, they will be useful for
you to consult as you later work on your primary sources in
historical context.
Math History
(discussion)
Discuss the concept of zero in the context of the cultures
written about in Crest of the Peacock.
What is important about the concept of zero beyond its use as
a place holder?
What is the significance of using a particular symbol to
represent an absence of quantity?

14. What role does zero play as a mathematical concept and how
did it fit within the cultures as it was first understood?
What challenges were faced by cultures that did not have a
zero in their number system and how were these challenges
addressed?
Remember that zero was separately realized in different ways
by various cultures.
short essay
Joseph points out that well into the 20th century, math
historians wrote as if real mathematics began with the ancient
Greeks with minor contributions from non-Europeans, all
culminating in a universal, superior mathematics developed in
Europe and a few major colonial outposts. More recently math
historians have recognized the non-European roots of
mathematics but rarely acknowledge any current cultural
influences on mathematical ideas. Ethnomathematicians argue
that the kind of mathematics that develops, even the questions
that are asked, depends on the culture in which the ideas grow.
Please address the following questions in your essay:
Why is "Western" mathematics so dominant today? or is it?
After reading the selections about number systems and
arithmetic in Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and the Islamic area,
what similarities do you find in their development? What
differences? What most surprised you about the development of
number systems in these regions?
Remember to support your claims and opinions with properly
cited references.
discussion
Assignment: Choosing Relevant Primary Sources
So here is your task over the next two weeks (weeks 6-7):
Given what you have learned so far, and given the research

15. sources provided in History Matters, identify fiveprimary
documents that seem relevant to the questions about happiness
that have become of special interest to you.
Keep in mind that there are probably three steps that you will
take:
After thinking about your period as a whole, identify events
themes, people, topics in which happiness and/or well-being has
either explicitly or implicitly been raised or addressed.
Once you have those themes or questions or events in mind,
consider which collections in U.S. History Matters might
contain one or more primary sources that connect to them in
some way.
Search within those sites for at least five relevant primary
sources. (You won't interpret these until your next assignment.)
Note: the five primary sources you choose should have come
from at least two different sites. Of course you should look at
more than two sites, and you probably will, but ultimately your
primary sources should come from at least two online sources.
To complete this assignment, you should post the URL links to
the five primary sources that you have chosen. As in the
previous assignment, for each source, you should include one or
two sentences describing why you have chosen this particular
source.
Note: in all probability, the instructor will not open up each of
the links that every student has posted, but rather will review
one or two of your links to see if you have indeed begun to
locate some relevant historical sources. It will be through your
interpretation of those documents (in the next assignment) that
your instructor will gain a clearer understanding of the
connections you are identifying between the documents you
have chosen and happiness.
Note: As you do your research on your primary sources, your
questions about happiness may change. That's a good thing!
Again, we are not assuming you are beginning as an expert, nor
that after you spend four weeks investigating the period that

16. you will come out being an expert. What we do know is that
through your reading, you will be better and better able to pick
up themes, names, and events that might lead you to further
investigation (that is, to raising more and clearer questions)
using primary sources.