This document provides instructions for a COM 4430 paper assignment. Students are asked to write a 5-7 page paper comparing and contrasting the intercultural communication business practices of 12 different countries by analyzing passport books from each. The paper must use at least 4 academic sources, include examples, and be submitted through Turnitin. The document provides detailed guidance on structuring, writing, and submitting the paper according to the assignment requirements.
COM 4430 Paper Topic You need to Choose one of .docxpickersgillkayne
COM 4430 Paper
Topic
You need to:
Choose one of the country passport documents to read, synthesize, compare and contrast
for your paper:
o Passport China
o Passport France
o Passport Germany
o Passport India
o Passport Israel
o Passport Italy
o Passport Japan
o Passport Korea
o Passport Mexico
o Passport Russia
o Passport Singapore
o Passport South Africa
o Passport Spain
o Passport Switzerland
Then, in a 5-7 page paper, compare and contrast the intercultural communication business
practices of the country you selected. You will be graded on the content of your answer, the
reasoning/argument you make between the theory and the facts of the case study as well as
writing (grammar and punctuation).
Use at least 4 academic resources (not used in class).
Include examples of your own when explaining/analysis your topic.
Submit your paper to Turnitin.com. dropbox in Canvas
STRUCTURING YOUR PAPER
A few words about structuring your paper:
A good paper is one that is built around a clear structure, so you should outline the main points of
your paper before you start writing. It’s easier to overhaul your outline than it is to overhaul a fully
written paper, so spend some time thinking about the structure of your paper before you launch
into the writing.
Your paper should have:
A clear introduction
A body (in which you flesh out your analysis of rhetoric, audience, artifact, and
context)
A conclusion (in which you summarize your argument and findings and “open” the
paper to consideration of broader themes).
WRITING YOUR PAPER
A few words about WRITING your paper:
I require an “introductory paragraph.” It must introduce the topic, state the main
argument of the paper, set forth the plan by which the paper unfolds, and state the
paper’s conclusion. In brief, after having read the first paragraph, your reader should
know precisely what the paper is about, its main claims, how it unfolds, and where it will
end up.
Write the paper in coherent paragraphs. Each paragraph should flow naturally and
logically from the previous paragraph, and on to the next paragraph, following a clear
train of analysis.
Good writing is clear writing. Write in simple, declarative sentences. Use the active
voice.
Feel free to quote from books, articles or experts, but do not waste space with very
lengthy quotations – briefly paraphrase these passages instead.
A few words about acknowledging and citing sources:
Every time you use somebody else’s ideas or words, you must acknowledge the
source of the information (unless the information is common knowledge).
You may acknowledge these sources by using footnotes, endnotes, or in-text notes.
Don’t get hung up on details of citation style: what really matters is (1) that you cite your sources in
such a way that readers can identify your sources and check your facts, and (2) that you
us.
COM 4430 Paper
Topic
You need to:
Choose one of the country passport documents to read, synthesize, compare and contrast
for your paper:
o Passport China
o Passport France
o Passport Germany
o Passport India
o Passport Israel
o Passport Italy
o Passport Japan
o Passport Korea
o Passport Mexico
o Passport Russia
o Passport Singapore
o Passport South Africa
o Passport Spain
o Passport Switzerland
Then, in a 5-7 page paper, compare and contrast the intercultural communication business
practices of the country you selected. You will be graded on the content of your answer, the
reasoning/argument you make between the theory and the facts of the case study as well as
writing (grammar and punctuation).
Use at least 4 academic resources (not used in class).
Include examples of your own when explaining/analysis your topic.
Submit your paper to Turnitin.com. dropbox in Blackboard.
STRUCTURING YOUR PAPER
A few words about structuring your paper:
A good paper is one that is built around a clear structure, so you should outline the main points of
your paper before you start writing. It’s easier to overhaul your outline than it is to overhaul a fully
written paper, so spend some time thinking about the structure of your paper before you launch
into the writing.
Your paper should have:
A clear introduction
A body (in which you flesh out your analysis of rhetoric, audience, artifact, and
context)
A conclusion (in which you summarize your argument and findings and “open” the
paper to consideration of broader themes).
WRITING YOUR PAPER
A few words about WRITING your paper:
I require an “introductory paragraph.” It must introduce the topic, state the main
argument of the paper, set forth the plan by which the paper unfolds, and state the
paper’s conclusion. In brief, after having read the first paragraph, your reader should
know precisely what the paper is about, its main claims, how it unfolds, and where it will
end up.
Write the paper in coherent paragraphs. Each paragraph should flow naturally and
logically from the previous paragraph, and on to the next paragraph, following a clear
train of analysis.
Good writing is clear writing. Write in simple, declarative sentences. Use the active
voice.
Feel free to quote from books, articles or experts, but do not waste space with very
lengthy quotations – briefly paraphrase these passages instead.
A few words about acknowledging and citing sources:
Every time you use somebody else’s ideas or words, you must acknowledge the
source of the information (unless the information is common knowledge).
You may acknowledge these sources by using footnotes, endnotes, or in-text notes.
Don’t get hung up on details of citation style: what really matters is (1) that you cite your sources in
such a way that readers can identify y ...
COM 4430 Paper Topic You need to Choose one of LynellBull52
COM 4430 Paper
Topic
You need to:
Choose one of the country passport documents to read, synthesize, compare and contrast
for your paper:
o Passport China
o Passport France
o Passport Germany
o Passport India
o Passport Israel
o Passport Italy
o Passport Japan
o Passport Korea
o Passport Mexico
o Passport Russia
o Passport Singapore
o Passport South Africa
o Passport Spain
o Passport Switzerland
Then, in a 5-7 page paper, compare and contrast the intercultural communication business
practices of the country you selected. You will be graded on the content of your answer, the
reasoning/argument you make between the theory and the facts of the case study as well as
writing (grammar and punctuation).
Use at least 4 academic resources (not used in class).
Include examples of your own when explaining/analysis your topic.
Submit your paper to Turnitin.com. dropbox in Canvas
STRUCTURING YOUR PAPER
A few words about structuring your paper:
A good paper is one that is built around a clear structure, so you should outline the main points of
your paper before you start writing. It’s easier to overhaul your outline than it is to overhaul a fully
written paper, so spend some time thinking about the structure of your paper before you launch
into the writing.
Your paper should have:
A clear introduction
A body (in which you flesh out your analysis of rhetoric, audience, artifact, and
context)
A conclusion (in which you summarize your argument and findings and “open” the
paper to consideration of broader themes).
WRITING YOUR PAPER
A few words about WRITING your paper:
I require an “introductory paragraph.” It must introduce the topic, state the main
argument of the paper, set forth the plan by which the paper unfolds, and state the
paper’s conclusion. In brief, after having read the first paragraph, your reader should
know precisely what the paper is about, its main claims, how it unfolds, and where it will
end up.
Write the paper in coherent paragraphs. Each paragraph should flow naturally and
logically from the previous paragraph, and on to the next paragraph, following a clear
train of analysis.
Good writing is clear writing. Write in simple, declarative sentences. Use the active
voice.
Feel free to quote from books, articles or experts, but do not waste space with very
lengthy quotations – briefly paraphrase these passages instead.
A few words about acknowledging and citing sources:
Every time you use somebody else’s ideas or words, you must acknowledge the
source of the information (unless the information is common knowledge).
You may acknowledge these sources by using footnotes, endnotes, or in-text notes.
Don’t get hung up on details of citation style: what really matters is (1) that you cite your sources in
such a way that readers can identify your sources and check your facts, and (2) that you
us ...
·Collect Five ArticlesReferencesFor the milestone research pa.docxbudbarber38650
This document provides guidance and requirements for writing a research paper. It outlines that students must collect 5 references from 5 different sources to use in their paper. It also provides direction on writing an abstract, including length requirements and including keywords. Acceptable source types are defined. Students must write a paper between 900-1500 words following APA style guidelines. The paper must include an introduction, supporting paragraphs, and conclusion. It must include 5 documented quotes or paraphrases and be properly referenced. The document provides a rubric for grading and checks to complete before submitting. Finally, it provides 13 potential topics for students to choose from for their research paper.
This document provides guidance for business analysts on effective written communication. It outlines a 5-step writing process: 1) Know your audience; 2) Create an outline; 3) Choose the right words; 4) Edit for logical flow and consistency; 5) Proofread for spelling and grammar. Key recommendations include researching the topic, creating a narrative outline or storyboard, using clear and concise language tailored to the audience, and editing to refine the core message and support points. The goal is to convey information in a way that is easily understood by the intended readers.
BUS 210 Project One Management Brief Text-Only VersionOrganizatiVannaSchrader3
BUS 210 Project One Management Brief Text-Only Version
Organizational chart of the SNHU Pet Supply Company’s organizational structure. The outline is as follows:
1. CEO
a. VP Manchester
i. Human Resources
ii. Information Technology
iii. Toys
1. Product Development
2. Merchandising
3. Marketing
4. Sales
5. Supply Chain
6. Retail Operation
iv. Food
1. Product Development
2. Merchandising
3. Marketing
4. Sales
5. Supply Chain
6. Retail Operation
v. Supplies
1. Product Development
2. Merchandising
3. Marketing
4. Sales
5. Supply Chain
6. Retail Operation
b. VP Denver
i. Human Resources
ii. Information Technology
iii. Toys
1. Product Development
2. Merchandising
3. Marketing
4. Sales
5. Supply Chain
6. Retail Operation
iv. Food
1. Product Development
2. Merchandising
3. Marketing
4. Sales
5. Supply Chain
6. Retail Operation
v. Supplies
1. Product Development
2. Merchandising
3. Marketing
4. Sales
5. Supply Chain
6. Retail Operation
Written Assignment RubricRubric for Final ProjectCriterionExceptionalProficientMarginalUnacceptableIntroductionYou effectively establish the context and purpose of the paper.You adequately establish the context and purpose of the paper.You miminally establish the context and purpose of the paper.You ineffectively establish the context and purpose of the paper.Thesis statementYour thesis statement is exceptionally lucid and concise; it effectively explains to the reader what he or she should expect from the paper.Your thesis statement is clearly stated and reasonably concise; it provides the reader a with a coherent preview of the paper.Your thesis statement lacks clarity or is overly complex or wordy; it only partially prepares the reader for the rest of the paper.Your assignment lacks a thesis statement, or the statement is inadequate or incomprehensible.Content developmentYou use carefully chosen, authoritative, and compelling content that demonstrates mastery of the subject; provide an advanced and thoughtful analysis of ideas; present an in-depth synthesis of ideas demonstrating insight and interpretation; and include meticulous references to readings wherever necessary.You use appropriate and relevant content that demonstrates sufficient command of the subject; provide a germane analysis of ideas; and include references to readings.You use somewhat appropriate content that demonstrates limited command of the subject; provide a cursory analysis of ideas that lacks insight and interpretation; and include minimal references to readings.You use inappropriate and irrelevant content, provide little, if any, analysis, and do not include references to readings.ConclusionsYou offer a clear answer to your research question and articulate related outcomes (consequences and implications) through careful reasoning and informed evaluation.You offer a sufficient answer to your research question and state outcomes (consequences and implications) satisfactorily.You offer a weak answer to your research question and state outcomes ( ...
This document provides an overview of how to write a research paper. It begins by explaining why learning to write research papers is important for college students. It then outlines the typical structure of a research paper, including sections like the abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. The document discusses how to choose a research topic and gather materials. It provides guidance on writing each section and emphasizes using a consistent format for citations and references. The goal is to teach students the key components of a successful research paper.
Term Research PaperOne of the primary goals of this course is to.docxmehek4
Term Research Paper
One of the primary goals of this course is to give students a broad understanding of the different components and the current state of the criminal justice system. Given however the number of components and the complexity of topics in the criminal justice field, another aim of this course is to guide students into becoming experts in one or more very specific areas.
*You are expected to work independently on this paper throughout the duration of the course (this paper should be a work in progress throughout the term, if left until the end, it will conflict with your other exams/assignments). For this paper, each student is required to identify one specific topic of their interest and write a term paper. THE TOPIC FOR YOUR TERM PAPER CAN EITHER FOCUS ON AN ISSUE (e.g. the low ratio of women to men as state police officers, the use of bail as a proxy for discrimination based on race and poverty), OR SIMPLY DESCRIBE THE HISTORY/CURRENT STATE OF A CERTAIN AREA OF A COMPONENT OF THE SYSTEM (e.g. the police’s use of recording devices, riots in prisons, work programs in prison, increased militarization of the police). BE SURE TO SPECIFY IN YOUR PAPER, WHICH OF THESE TWO GOALS YOU ARE TRYING TO ACCOMPLISH. Finding a topic that is narrow is crucial (e.g. officers accepting small gratuities, media coverage of mass murders). A large and vague topic is likely to produce a vague and low quality paper (e.g. discrimination in the CJ system is a large an vague topic). YOU MUST, PERSONALLY, OR THROUGH EMAIL, CONFIRM YOUR TOPIC WITH ME BY THE END OF THE THIRD WEEK OF THE COURSE.
First, introduce this topic (i.e., introduce the topic to a casual reader), being sure to present evidence (from the literature) that supports your conclusion that the problem is worthy of concern (How serious is the problem? How common is the problem? And so on). This section should be about a page. Then summarize the available literature on the topic. It is wise to organize this review with appropriate subheadings to help you organize this information (e.g. historical overview, the role of certain key issues such as race or gender, as they relate to your topic, the role of policy, or whatever subheadings best fit your topic). Your review of the literature should constitute at least 5-6 pages of your paper. The last section of your paper—the discussion, should summarize the findings in your literature review and should include your own conclusion regarding your topic. This section gives you the opportunity to add your own opinion, based of course on what you have found in the literature.
Your paper should have at least 8 scholarly sources (most of which will be journal articles or books) cited throughout the paper, and contain a bibliography at the end.
As we review each week's chapters, I highly suggest being on the lookout for possible topics for your paper. As soon as you have one, email me so that I can approve it. Note: You may also identify topics from f ...
COM 4430 Paper Topic You need to Choose one of .docxpickersgillkayne
COM 4430 Paper
Topic
You need to:
Choose one of the country passport documents to read, synthesize, compare and contrast
for your paper:
o Passport China
o Passport France
o Passport Germany
o Passport India
o Passport Israel
o Passport Italy
o Passport Japan
o Passport Korea
o Passport Mexico
o Passport Russia
o Passport Singapore
o Passport South Africa
o Passport Spain
o Passport Switzerland
Then, in a 5-7 page paper, compare and contrast the intercultural communication business
practices of the country you selected. You will be graded on the content of your answer, the
reasoning/argument you make between the theory and the facts of the case study as well as
writing (grammar and punctuation).
Use at least 4 academic resources (not used in class).
Include examples of your own when explaining/analysis your topic.
Submit your paper to Turnitin.com. dropbox in Canvas
STRUCTURING YOUR PAPER
A few words about structuring your paper:
A good paper is one that is built around a clear structure, so you should outline the main points of
your paper before you start writing. It’s easier to overhaul your outline than it is to overhaul a fully
written paper, so spend some time thinking about the structure of your paper before you launch
into the writing.
Your paper should have:
A clear introduction
A body (in which you flesh out your analysis of rhetoric, audience, artifact, and
context)
A conclusion (in which you summarize your argument and findings and “open” the
paper to consideration of broader themes).
WRITING YOUR PAPER
A few words about WRITING your paper:
I require an “introductory paragraph.” It must introduce the topic, state the main
argument of the paper, set forth the plan by which the paper unfolds, and state the
paper’s conclusion. In brief, after having read the first paragraph, your reader should
know precisely what the paper is about, its main claims, how it unfolds, and where it will
end up.
Write the paper in coherent paragraphs. Each paragraph should flow naturally and
logically from the previous paragraph, and on to the next paragraph, following a clear
train of analysis.
Good writing is clear writing. Write in simple, declarative sentences. Use the active
voice.
Feel free to quote from books, articles or experts, but do not waste space with very
lengthy quotations – briefly paraphrase these passages instead.
A few words about acknowledging and citing sources:
Every time you use somebody else’s ideas or words, you must acknowledge the
source of the information (unless the information is common knowledge).
You may acknowledge these sources by using footnotes, endnotes, or in-text notes.
Don’t get hung up on details of citation style: what really matters is (1) that you cite your sources in
such a way that readers can identify your sources and check your facts, and (2) that you
us.
COM 4430 Paper
Topic
You need to:
Choose one of the country passport documents to read, synthesize, compare and contrast
for your paper:
o Passport China
o Passport France
o Passport Germany
o Passport India
o Passport Israel
o Passport Italy
o Passport Japan
o Passport Korea
o Passport Mexico
o Passport Russia
o Passport Singapore
o Passport South Africa
o Passport Spain
o Passport Switzerland
Then, in a 5-7 page paper, compare and contrast the intercultural communication business
practices of the country you selected. You will be graded on the content of your answer, the
reasoning/argument you make between the theory and the facts of the case study as well as
writing (grammar and punctuation).
Use at least 4 academic resources (not used in class).
Include examples of your own when explaining/analysis your topic.
Submit your paper to Turnitin.com. dropbox in Blackboard.
STRUCTURING YOUR PAPER
A few words about structuring your paper:
A good paper is one that is built around a clear structure, so you should outline the main points of
your paper before you start writing. It’s easier to overhaul your outline than it is to overhaul a fully
written paper, so spend some time thinking about the structure of your paper before you launch
into the writing.
Your paper should have:
A clear introduction
A body (in which you flesh out your analysis of rhetoric, audience, artifact, and
context)
A conclusion (in which you summarize your argument and findings and “open” the
paper to consideration of broader themes).
WRITING YOUR PAPER
A few words about WRITING your paper:
I require an “introductory paragraph.” It must introduce the topic, state the main
argument of the paper, set forth the plan by which the paper unfolds, and state the
paper’s conclusion. In brief, after having read the first paragraph, your reader should
know precisely what the paper is about, its main claims, how it unfolds, and where it will
end up.
Write the paper in coherent paragraphs. Each paragraph should flow naturally and
logically from the previous paragraph, and on to the next paragraph, following a clear
train of analysis.
Good writing is clear writing. Write in simple, declarative sentences. Use the active
voice.
Feel free to quote from books, articles or experts, but do not waste space with very
lengthy quotations – briefly paraphrase these passages instead.
A few words about acknowledging and citing sources:
Every time you use somebody else’s ideas or words, you must acknowledge the
source of the information (unless the information is common knowledge).
You may acknowledge these sources by using footnotes, endnotes, or in-text notes.
Don’t get hung up on details of citation style: what really matters is (1) that you cite your sources in
such a way that readers can identify y ...
COM 4430 Paper Topic You need to Choose one of LynellBull52
COM 4430 Paper
Topic
You need to:
Choose one of the country passport documents to read, synthesize, compare and contrast
for your paper:
o Passport China
o Passport France
o Passport Germany
o Passport India
o Passport Israel
o Passport Italy
o Passport Japan
o Passport Korea
o Passport Mexico
o Passport Russia
o Passport Singapore
o Passport South Africa
o Passport Spain
o Passport Switzerland
Then, in a 5-7 page paper, compare and contrast the intercultural communication business
practices of the country you selected. You will be graded on the content of your answer, the
reasoning/argument you make between the theory and the facts of the case study as well as
writing (grammar and punctuation).
Use at least 4 academic resources (not used in class).
Include examples of your own when explaining/analysis your topic.
Submit your paper to Turnitin.com. dropbox in Canvas
STRUCTURING YOUR PAPER
A few words about structuring your paper:
A good paper is one that is built around a clear structure, so you should outline the main points of
your paper before you start writing. It’s easier to overhaul your outline than it is to overhaul a fully
written paper, so spend some time thinking about the structure of your paper before you launch
into the writing.
Your paper should have:
A clear introduction
A body (in which you flesh out your analysis of rhetoric, audience, artifact, and
context)
A conclusion (in which you summarize your argument and findings and “open” the
paper to consideration of broader themes).
WRITING YOUR PAPER
A few words about WRITING your paper:
I require an “introductory paragraph.” It must introduce the topic, state the main
argument of the paper, set forth the plan by which the paper unfolds, and state the
paper’s conclusion. In brief, after having read the first paragraph, your reader should
know precisely what the paper is about, its main claims, how it unfolds, and where it will
end up.
Write the paper in coherent paragraphs. Each paragraph should flow naturally and
logically from the previous paragraph, and on to the next paragraph, following a clear
train of analysis.
Good writing is clear writing. Write in simple, declarative sentences. Use the active
voice.
Feel free to quote from books, articles or experts, but do not waste space with very
lengthy quotations – briefly paraphrase these passages instead.
A few words about acknowledging and citing sources:
Every time you use somebody else’s ideas or words, you must acknowledge the
source of the information (unless the information is common knowledge).
You may acknowledge these sources by using footnotes, endnotes, or in-text notes.
Don’t get hung up on details of citation style: what really matters is (1) that you cite your sources in
such a way that readers can identify your sources and check your facts, and (2) that you
us ...
·Collect Five ArticlesReferencesFor the milestone research pa.docxbudbarber38650
This document provides guidance and requirements for writing a research paper. It outlines that students must collect 5 references from 5 different sources to use in their paper. It also provides direction on writing an abstract, including length requirements and including keywords. Acceptable source types are defined. Students must write a paper between 900-1500 words following APA style guidelines. The paper must include an introduction, supporting paragraphs, and conclusion. It must include 5 documented quotes or paraphrases and be properly referenced. The document provides a rubric for grading and checks to complete before submitting. Finally, it provides 13 potential topics for students to choose from for their research paper.
This document provides guidance for business analysts on effective written communication. It outlines a 5-step writing process: 1) Know your audience; 2) Create an outline; 3) Choose the right words; 4) Edit for logical flow and consistency; 5) Proofread for spelling and grammar. Key recommendations include researching the topic, creating a narrative outline or storyboard, using clear and concise language tailored to the audience, and editing to refine the core message and support points. The goal is to convey information in a way that is easily understood by the intended readers.
BUS 210 Project One Management Brief Text-Only VersionOrganizatiVannaSchrader3
BUS 210 Project One Management Brief Text-Only Version
Organizational chart of the SNHU Pet Supply Company’s organizational structure. The outline is as follows:
1. CEO
a. VP Manchester
i. Human Resources
ii. Information Technology
iii. Toys
1. Product Development
2. Merchandising
3. Marketing
4. Sales
5. Supply Chain
6. Retail Operation
iv. Food
1. Product Development
2. Merchandising
3. Marketing
4. Sales
5. Supply Chain
6. Retail Operation
v. Supplies
1. Product Development
2. Merchandising
3. Marketing
4. Sales
5. Supply Chain
6. Retail Operation
b. VP Denver
i. Human Resources
ii. Information Technology
iii. Toys
1. Product Development
2. Merchandising
3. Marketing
4. Sales
5. Supply Chain
6. Retail Operation
iv. Food
1. Product Development
2. Merchandising
3. Marketing
4. Sales
5. Supply Chain
6. Retail Operation
v. Supplies
1. Product Development
2. Merchandising
3. Marketing
4. Sales
5. Supply Chain
6. Retail Operation
Written Assignment RubricRubric for Final ProjectCriterionExceptionalProficientMarginalUnacceptableIntroductionYou effectively establish the context and purpose of the paper.You adequately establish the context and purpose of the paper.You miminally establish the context and purpose of the paper.You ineffectively establish the context and purpose of the paper.Thesis statementYour thesis statement is exceptionally lucid and concise; it effectively explains to the reader what he or she should expect from the paper.Your thesis statement is clearly stated and reasonably concise; it provides the reader a with a coherent preview of the paper.Your thesis statement lacks clarity or is overly complex or wordy; it only partially prepares the reader for the rest of the paper.Your assignment lacks a thesis statement, or the statement is inadequate or incomprehensible.Content developmentYou use carefully chosen, authoritative, and compelling content that demonstrates mastery of the subject; provide an advanced and thoughtful analysis of ideas; present an in-depth synthesis of ideas demonstrating insight and interpretation; and include meticulous references to readings wherever necessary.You use appropriate and relevant content that demonstrates sufficient command of the subject; provide a germane analysis of ideas; and include references to readings.You use somewhat appropriate content that demonstrates limited command of the subject; provide a cursory analysis of ideas that lacks insight and interpretation; and include minimal references to readings.You use inappropriate and irrelevant content, provide little, if any, analysis, and do not include references to readings.ConclusionsYou offer a clear answer to your research question and articulate related outcomes (consequences and implications) through careful reasoning and informed evaluation.You offer a sufficient answer to your research question and state outcomes (consequences and implications) satisfactorily.You offer a weak answer to your research question and state outcomes ( ...
This document provides an overview of how to write a research paper. It begins by explaining why learning to write research papers is important for college students. It then outlines the typical structure of a research paper, including sections like the abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. The document discusses how to choose a research topic and gather materials. It provides guidance on writing each section and emphasizes using a consistent format for citations and references. The goal is to teach students the key components of a successful research paper.
Term Research PaperOne of the primary goals of this course is to.docxmehek4
Term Research Paper
One of the primary goals of this course is to give students a broad understanding of the different components and the current state of the criminal justice system. Given however the number of components and the complexity of topics in the criminal justice field, another aim of this course is to guide students into becoming experts in one or more very specific areas.
*You are expected to work independently on this paper throughout the duration of the course (this paper should be a work in progress throughout the term, if left until the end, it will conflict with your other exams/assignments). For this paper, each student is required to identify one specific topic of their interest and write a term paper. THE TOPIC FOR YOUR TERM PAPER CAN EITHER FOCUS ON AN ISSUE (e.g. the low ratio of women to men as state police officers, the use of bail as a proxy for discrimination based on race and poverty), OR SIMPLY DESCRIBE THE HISTORY/CURRENT STATE OF A CERTAIN AREA OF A COMPONENT OF THE SYSTEM (e.g. the police’s use of recording devices, riots in prisons, work programs in prison, increased militarization of the police). BE SURE TO SPECIFY IN YOUR PAPER, WHICH OF THESE TWO GOALS YOU ARE TRYING TO ACCOMPLISH. Finding a topic that is narrow is crucial (e.g. officers accepting small gratuities, media coverage of mass murders). A large and vague topic is likely to produce a vague and low quality paper (e.g. discrimination in the CJ system is a large an vague topic). YOU MUST, PERSONALLY, OR THROUGH EMAIL, CONFIRM YOUR TOPIC WITH ME BY THE END OF THE THIRD WEEK OF THE COURSE.
First, introduce this topic (i.e., introduce the topic to a casual reader), being sure to present evidence (from the literature) that supports your conclusion that the problem is worthy of concern (How serious is the problem? How common is the problem? And so on). This section should be about a page. Then summarize the available literature on the topic. It is wise to organize this review with appropriate subheadings to help you organize this information (e.g. historical overview, the role of certain key issues such as race or gender, as they relate to your topic, the role of policy, or whatever subheadings best fit your topic). Your review of the literature should constitute at least 5-6 pages of your paper. The last section of your paper—the discussion, should summarize the findings in your literature review and should include your own conclusion regarding your topic. This section gives you the opportunity to add your own opinion, based of course on what you have found in the literature.
Your paper should have at least 8 scholarly sources (most of which will be journal articles or books) cited throughout the paper, and contain a bibliography at the end.
As we review each week's chapters, I highly suggest being on the lookout for possible topics for your paper. As soon as you have one, email me so that I can approve it. Note: You may also identify topics from f ...
This document provides guidance on writing formal reports, including evaluating information sources, organizing notes, and following a standard report format. The recommended format includes a cover page, table of contents, executive summary, aims and objectives, literature review/analysis section, conclusions, recommendations, references, and appendices. Key tips include considering the audience, using an objective and evidence-based approach, and proofreading for spelling and grammar.
The document provides guidelines for a term paper assignment in a public relations course. It outlines that outlines are due by December 30th and can be on the same topics as in-class presentations. The goal is to familiarize the reader with the general topic by learning about it through existing literature and writing a summary. Papers must include an introduction, body with citations from at least 3 books and 3 articles, conclusion, and references page with a minimum of 6 sources. The body should not include case studies discussed in class. Papers will be graded on research, topic adherence, coverage, argument, conclusions, citations, grammar, and instructions followed.
Research Paper Current Perspective of Consumer Technology .docxverad6
Research Paper: Current Perspective of Consumer Technology
Choose a current (within the last 5 years) movie or documentary about – or involving -
consumer technology. Write a synopsis of the movie. Do additional research about the
technology and the consumer that the movie addresses. Some ideas of consumer technology
can be the use of 3D Printers, medical technology, nutrition and farming technology, etc.
Be sure to answer these questions in your paper:
• When and how was the technology developed?
• Who was the technology specifically developed for and who is currently using the
technology?
• What are future expectations for this technology and how is it expected to benefit
consumers?
• What are the global applications of this technology for international consumers?
You will be using the Writing Specifics instructions listed below. You will be graded on
your originality, analysis, and reflections. Please cite the used references for this paper in the
latest APA format.
Research Paper Tips: Before writing your paper, review the APA Writing guide. Make sure to
use Times New Roman 12 pt. font, double space formatting and create your paper in MS Word
only. Be sure to proof read your work for continuity, content, grammar, punctuation and spelling
before submitting. Submit to the Dropbox by the due date specified in the course schedule. Late
work will not be accepted.
Research Specifics: Use a minimum of three credible resources for your research. Include at
least one source from our class curricula. Additional resources can be from the internet (both
articles and video links), but do not use any Wiki resources of any kind as these are not
considered credible resources.
Writing specifics: Be sure to write your paper using an Academic APA Writing style. This
means to write using a third person style, not using first person referencing. Do not use “I” or
“We” in the writing. Your paper should be a minimum of 5 pages, excluding the title and
reference pages.
Structure your paper with the following sections:
Introduction: Create a topic sentence that summarizes your topic and explains the title of the
paper. Flesh out the introduction with an overview of what your paper will cover. A good rule of
thumb is to write one sentence for each section of your paper in your introduction.
Body of your paper: You can label this section as appropriate to your research and analysis of
your findings on your topic. For instance you can label this section as Literature Review (or
Findings) of Your Topic. You can have sub-topic areas in this section as appropriate to your
topic. <See APA template for how to properly lay out your paper and the various sections.>
Next section of your paper: This area can be labeled as Conclusion. In this area you will
conclude your findings on your topic and provide suggestions for further/future research.
Last section of your paper: This is the Reference section. Any res.
Planning and organisation of essays by Cristian ZarzaCristian Zarza
This document provides guidance on planning and organizing essays. It discusses developing a thesis statement, creating an outline, structuring paragraphs with a topic sentence and supporting details, and writing effective introductions and conclusions. Key steps include planning with mind maps or notecards, using various paragraph types to structure the essay body, and concluding with a summary or call to action that leaves the reader with something to consider.
Deductive vs Inductive ReasoningDeductive reasoning starts out w.docxsimonithomas47935
This document provides guidance for writing a research report, including its structure, formatting, and content. It outlines a five-chapter model for the report, with each chapter addressing a different component: Chapter 1 provides an introduction and background; Chapter 2 presents a literature review; Chapter 3 describes the methodology; Chapter 4 presents the findings and results; and Chapter 5 offers conclusions. Additional sections like the abstract, references, and appendices are also noted. Specific requirements are given for formatting the report, citing sources, and ensuring academic integrity. The document serves as a reference for students in developing an original research report that demonstrates their expertise on the chosen topic area.
This document provides guidance on effective note taking strategies for research papers. It recommends using note cards to organize source information and notes on topics. Source cards should include bibliographic information to help identify sources and prepare citations and a reference list. Note cards can summarize, paraphrase, or directly quote information and should include a page number reference. Taking accurate notes helps avoid plagiarism. The document also provides tips for effective note taking such as keeping notes focused and correctly citing sources.
The document provides guidance on writing documents and reports. It discusses the different types of documents and reports, outlines the preferred report writing format, and provides tips for writing letters and taking notes. The preferred report writing format includes sections for the title, table of contents, summary, introduction, body, conclusion, recommendations, and appendices. Tips for note taking include dating notes, writing important points, using examples, color, headings, and keeping notes organized. Letter writing tips include identifying the letter type, properly opening and closing, establishing the intent, using careful language, and considering length.
BA634 Current & Emerging Technology Research Paper 1 .docxwilcockiris
BA634 Current & Emerging Technology
Research Paper
1
Understanding Evolving Technologies
As we all know technology is evolving at a rate that, to some, seems
overwhelming. These technologies often evolve to offer higher quality products and
services at lower prices causing a disruption in markets that is sometimes perceived as
unwelcome. These disruptive technologies are sometimes the results of innovative
business models that are also part of the evolving processes of a competitive
marketplace.
This is an individual research paper required from BA634 students.
As a Research Project, select one of the following research areas:
Cloud Computing (Intranet, Extranet, and Internet)
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Internet of Things (IoT)
Robotics
Medical Technology
1) Your research paper needs to be between 12-15 pages.
2) It needs be submitted as a WORD document.
3) The research paper must only include materials from peer reviewed
journals and peer reviewed conference proceedings. APA formatted
citations are therefore required for the final submission. Newspapers,
websites (URLs), magazines, technical journals, hearsay, personal
opinions, and white papers are NOT acceptable citations.
4) Each submission will be checked for plagiarism. All plagiarized
documents will results in a grade of zero for the exercise.
5) If there is extensive synonym use or not understandable, long
sentences, the document will results in a grade of zero for the
exercise.
6) The final research paper must include your through analysis and synthesis
of the peer reviewed literature used in your research paper.
7) There will be a limit of 3 images, tables, figures are to be included in the
BA634 Current & Emerging Technology
Research Paper
2
appendices and DO NOT count for page limit requirements.
8) Long quotations (i.e. paragraphs) are NOT permitted. Only one quoted
sentence is permitted per page.
9) Footnotes are NOT permitted.
Document Details
Chapter 1 Introduction
Background/Introduction
In this section, present enough information about the proposed work such that the reader
understands the general context or setting. It is also helpful to include a summary of how the rest
of this document is organized.
Problem Statement
In this section, present a concise statement of a research-worthy problem addressed (i.e., why the
work should be undertaken – don’t say required for the class). Follow the statement of the
problem with a well-supported discussion of its scope and nature. The discussion of the problem
should include: what the problem is, why it is a problem, how the problem evolved or developed,
and the issues and events leading to the problem.
Goal
Next, include a concise definition of the goal of the work (i.e., what the work will accomplish).
Aim to define a goal that is measurable.
Research Questions
Research que.
This presentation provides an overview of how to write a research paper. It discusses choosing a topic, gathering materials through research, making an outline, taking notes, quoting and paraphrasing sources, and issues of plagiarism. The main parts of a research paper are introduced as the abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. The purpose of each section is explained. Consistent formatting of sources is recommended to help readers understand arguments and allow easy referencing.
This presentation provides an overview of how to write a research paper. It discusses choosing a topic, gathering materials through research, making an outline, taking notes, using quotes and paraphrasing properly to avoid plagiarism, and formatting the paper consistently. The main sections of a research paper are typically an abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Consistent formatting is important to help readers understand arguments and sources.
The document provides guidance on writing for business analysis. It outlines a 6-step process for writing documents: prewriting, drafting a framework/outline, revising, editing, proofreading, and publishing. Key aspects of each step are described, such as researching topics, brainstorming, creating an outline, reviewing logical flow, editing for clarity and flow, and proofreading for errors. Technical writing guidelines are also provided, such as using active voice and defining technical terms. The document emphasizes tailoring writing for the intended audience and including only relevant information to effectively convey the writer's intent.
Helping sudents/professionals preparare a Thesis, Scientific Paper, improve Oral Presentation Skills for conference presentations, prepare a CV/Resume and Cover Letter
Appendix GENG102 Version 41Associate Level MaterialAp.docxrossskuddershamus
Appendix G
ENG/102 Version 4
1
Associate Level Material
Appendix G
Finding, Evaluating, and Utilizing Credible Information
This course requires a higher level of research than you may have undertaken in the past. You must find sources that are reliable, related to your paper’s topic, and contain evidence to support your claims and arguments. Take thorough notes while you find these sources, and be careful to avoid plagiarism by appropriately quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing your sources.
Using the University Library
In previous courses, you used the Internet to research information about different topics. In this course, you may still use the Internet sparingly, but the University Library provides a wider variety of resources that are more appropriate for formal research papers.
The University Library includes the following resources:
· Databases. These databases contain magazine articles, journal articles, newspaper articles, audio clips, and other types of multimedia, statistics, articles with opposing viewpoints, and much more. You can search through the databases by specialization, subject, author, title, publication, and so forth.
· Research resources. Besides the databases, the library also contains access to books, dissertations, theses, research in Spanish, Canadian information, country profiles and economic data, encyclopedias and dictionaries, and journal indexes and abstracts.
· Writing and test-taking resources. The library also provides guides for preparing for and taking different kinds of tests, improving writing and grammar, and so on.
· Help. The library contains links to a Frequently Asked Questions page, timely feedback from a librarian, a research tutorial, and a library handbook.
As you search for sources, you may receive thousands of results for a topic in the University Library. If that happens, you may have to narrow your topic, or you may need to enter more specific information in the search engine. The library tutorial at http://www.apollolibrary.com/Library/tutorial.aspx provides information for using Boolean search commands to expand, limit, or refine a search for information.
Finding and Evaluating Credible Information
A credible source is one that is trustworthy, providing true, accurate, and balanced information. Generally, periodicals, journals, and other sources found in the University Library are credible because they are written by professionals and must be approved to be published. Many of the library articles are peer reviewed—written by professionals and reviewed by other professionals in the same area of expertise to ensure the research is credible and trustworthy. On the other hand, websites may be written by anyone, so credibility is usually more difficult to determine.
In this course, you are required to find five to seven credible sources. To show your credibility as an effective researcher, you must select a variety of valid sources. Avoid using only websites or using only books.
The document provides guidance on writing a report style essay for a geography exam, including:
1) Research and preparation is key, with planning, gathering a balanced range of sources, and organizing materials into a file.
2) Practicing report writing helps understand the required structured format, which merges traditional essays with elements like numbered sections and diagrams.
3) In the exam, a plan and introduction should be provided, with the body using language and structure to illustrate, contrast, extend and conclude points, while evaluating perspectives.
This document provides guidance on writing an academic essay. It defines what an essay is, explaining that it is an intellectual exploration of a topic between 500-5000 words. It then outlines a 10 step process for researching, planning and writing an essay: 1) Interpret the question, 2) Organize your time, 3) Do research and take notes, 4) Establish your position, 5) Plan the structure, 6) Write a draft, 7) Reference sources, 8) Draft and redraft, 9) Refine by editing and proofreading, 10) Present your work. Key aspects covered include developing an argument supported by evidence, structuring paragraphs, and avoiding plagiarism through proper referencing.
The purpose of this paper is to1. increase your knowledge oBHANU281672
This document provides instructions for a strategic management project on Caterpillar Inc. Students will take on the role of an Assistant Strategic Development Analyst at Caterpillar and maintain a Strategic Management Research Journal to appraise Caterpillar's corporate data, competitors, strategy, and recommend strategic actions. They will then present their findings and recommendations to Caterpillar's leadership team. The project involves analyzing Caterpillar's current strategic management over 4 weeks and presenting proposed improvements in the 5th week.
BA634 Current & Emerging TechnologyResearch PaperUnderstanding.docxwilcockiris
BA634 Current & Emerging Technology
Research Paper
Understanding Evolving Technologies
As we all know technology is evolving at a rate that, to some, seems overwhelming. These technologies often evolve to offer higher quality products and services at lower prices causing a disruption in markets that is sometimes perceived as unwelcome. These disruptive technologies are sometimes the results of innovative business models that are also part of the evolving processes of a competitive marketplace.
This is an individual research paper required from BA643 students.
As a Research Project, select one of the following research areas: Cloud Computing (Intranet, Extranet, and Internet), Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), Robotics, or Medical Technology.
1) The research paper must only include materials from peer reviewed journals and peer reviewed conference proceedings. APA formatted citations are therefore required for the final submission. Newspapers, websites (URLs), magazines, technical journals, hearsay, personal opinions, and white papers are NOT acceptable citations.
2) Each submission will be checked for plagiarism. All plagiarized documents will results in a grade of zero for the exercise.
3) If there is extensive synonym use or not understandable, long sentences, the document will results in a grade of zero for the exercise.
4) The final research paper must include your through analysis and synthesis of the peer reviewed literature used in your research paper.
5) All images, tables, figures are to be included in the appendices and DO NOT count for page limit requirements.
6) Long quotations (i.e. paragraphs) are NOT permitted. Only one quoted sentence is permitted per page.
7) Footnotes are NOT permitted.
Document DetailsChapter 1 Introduction
Background/Introduction
In this section, present enough information about the proposed work such that the reader understands the general context or setting. It is also helpful to include a summary of how the rest of this document is organized. Problem Statement
In this section, present a concise statement of a research-worthy problem addressed (i.e., why the work should be undertaken – don’t say required for the class). Follow the statement of the problem with a well-supported discussion of its scope and nature. The discussion of the problem should include: what the problem is, why it is a problem, how the problem evolved or developed, and the issues and events leading to the problem. Goal
Next, include a concise definition of the goal of the work (i.e., what the work will accomplish). Aim to define a goal that is measurable.
Research Questions
Research questions are developed to help guide the authors through the literature for a given problem area. What were the open-ended questions asked and why did you find (or not find) them adequate. Relevance and Significance
Consider the following questions as you read through the article and state how the author.
How to write a research paper for undergraduate students in Corona's time: to...Aboul Ella Hassanien
Here is a potential thesis statement for this topic:
While Wikipedia provides a useful starting point for research, it should not be used as a final source in academic papers due to concerns about reliability and lack of authoritative sources, though with care it can help students become familiar with topics and find other credible sources.
COMMONALITY AND DIVERSITY OF OPERATING SYSTEMS .docxcargillfilberto
COMMONALITY AND DIVERSITY OF OPERATING SYSTEMS 2
Maintaining a strong security system in the networking environment to prevent any form of attack and compromise information has been a formidable problem in recent times. There is fairly a small number of operating systems compared to the vast number of computer systems that are in operation. This situation has created a leeway for cyber attackers to target the systems easily (Palmer, 2010). Cyber attackers have formulated diverse techniques to exploit the homogeneity of the network environment. This article will explore the benefits related to diversity and commonality in the event of a malicious attack.
The purpose of any security strategy is to completely eliminate or at least limit the impact of damage to a successful attack on a particular system. At some point, any computer can be vulnerable to malware attacks, and the most important aspect in a case like this is to achieve an optimum level of preparedness. Diversity of the operating systems is beneficial in several ways, though an organization could incur an extra operational cost. Moving some groups of users to various different operating systems helps avert the overall damage caused by the SQL Slammer and MSBlast worms. Malicious-code attacks directed towards the commonly used operating system, windows, have been so rampant, thereby necessitating the need for improved security procedures of the computers (Anderson & Anderson, 2010).
Significant operational damages have been incurred before by businesses and enterprise to extensive downtime, brought about by malware attacks. Adopting diversity in operating systems comes along with several security benefits;
· Helps contain malicious-code attacks- Virus and worm attacks target and exploit the flaws in windows operating systems. In a case like this, availing an alternative operating system would be critical in helping to contain the spread to other PCs owned by the business. The impact of the attack is leveled down since some core business can be carried out in the event of an attack.
· Directing some pressure towards Microsoft- Health competition among service and commodity provider is beneficial for the consumers. Being diversified in terms of operating systems pushes dominant companies like Microsoft to try so hard to meet the security needs of their customers.
· It helps speed up innovations in the sense that other operating system developers will work towards improving their operating systems to match that of the windows. Such innovations include stable security systems that prevent malware from instilling too much damage to the computer system.
Exercising commonality in the usage of operating systems comes with its own benefits, too, especially when dealing with a malicious attack. The business would not incur too much cost, in the event of a .
Common Mistakes I see on this paper are1. Using summaries and .docxcargillfilberto
Common Mistakes I see on this paper are
1. Using summaries and reviews written by other authors rather than using the actual IOM report and viewing each section, or viewing the IOM's summaries of it's report.
2. Forgetting to include information on how the IOM report will or has impacted one's practice. This is worth a high percentage of points
3. Not formatting the paper in APA, citing sources or using current sources like those supplied in our course resources for the week (since I am supplying a template APA should be flawless)
4. Going over the allowed length (papers that are over the criteria for length will be returned for revision)
5. Including background information, losing focus - remember the goal is to discuss the recommendations for education, practice, leadership and discuss how they can be achieved.
6. Ineffective introduction, too long, does not introduce the topic briefly, does not include a summary of what the paper will cover
LINKS TO THE IOM REPORT AND IOM SUMMARIES OF THE REPORT (These should be your main references for the report, don’t use a summary written about the report, use the IOMs summaries)
Download whole report as guest
Report Brief
Summary of Report on Education
Summary of Report on Practice
Summary of recommendations
Great infograph that highlights IOM recommendations. Here is the link. This link gives an outline of the IOM's recommendations. Both offer an option that provides quick access to needed information in a brief and easy to follow format. Hope these are helpful.
How to Reference and Cite the IOM Report
IOM will each have the same author (the Institute of Medicine is the author) and year you will differentiate them by adding a small case letter after the year of publication in both your reference and citation. The reference would be listed in alphabetical order using the title. I have posted examples below.
Institute of Medicine [IOM]. (2010). Future of nursing: Focus on education. Retrieved from www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing/Nursing%20Education%202010%20Brief.pdf
Research Article
The Cross-Category Effect
Mere Social Categorization Is Sufficient to Elicit an
Own-Group Bias in Face Recognition
Michael J. Bernstein, Steven G. Young, and Kurt Hugenberg
Miami University
ABSTRACT—Although the cross-race effect (CRE) is a well-
established phenomenon, both perceptual-expertise and
social-categorization models have been proposed to ex-
plain the effect. The two studies reported here investigated
the extent to which categorizing other people as in-group
versus out-group members is sufficient to elicit a pattern of
face recognition analogous to that of the CRE, even when
perceptual expertise with the stimuli is held constant. In
Study 1, targets were categorized as members of real-life
in-groups and out-groups (based on university affiliation),
whereas in Study 2, targets were categorized into experi-
mentally created .
This document provides guidance on writing formal reports, including evaluating information sources, organizing notes, and following a standard report format. The recommended format includes a cover page, table of contents, executive summary, aims and objectives, literature review/analysis section, conclusions, recommendations, references, and appendices. Key tips include considering the audience, using an objective and evidence-based approach, and proofreading for spelling and grammar.
The document provides guidelines for a term paper assignment in a public relations course. It outlines that outlines are due by December 30th and can be on the same topics as in-class presentations. The goal is to familiarize the reader with the general topic by learning about it through existing literature and writing a summary. Papers must include an introduction, body with citations from at least 3 books and 3 articles, conclusion, and references page with a minimum of 6 sources. The body should not include case studies discussed in class. Papers will be graded on research, topic adherence, coverage, argument, conclusions, citations, grammar, and instructions followed.
Research Paper Current Perspective of Consumer Technology .docxverad6
Research Paper: Current Perspective of Consumer Technology
Choose a current (within the last 5 years) movie or documentary about – or involving -
consumer technology. Write a synopsis of the movie. Do additional research about the
technology and the consumer that the movie addresses. Some ideas of consumer technology
can be the use of 3D Printers, medical technology, nutrition and farming technology, etc.
Be sure to answer these questions in your paper:
• When and how was the technology developed?
• Who was the technology specifically developed for and who is currently using the
technology?
• What are future expectations for this technology and how is it expected to benefit
consumers?
• What are the global applications of this technology for international consumers?
You will be using the Writing Specifics instructions listed below. You will be graded on
your originality, analysis, and reflections. Please cite the used references for this paper in the
latest APA format.
Research Paper Tips: Before writing your paper, review the APA Writing guide. Make sure to
use Times New Roman 12 pt. font, double space formatting and create your paper in MS Word
only. Be sure to proof read your work for continuity, content, grammar, punctuation and spelling
before submitting. Submit to the Dropbox by the due date specified in the course schedule. Late
work will not be accepted.
Research Specifics: Use a minimum of three credible resources for your research. Include at
least one source from our class curricula. Additional resources can be from the internet (both
articles and video links), but do not use any Wiki resources of any kind as these are not
considered credible resources.
Writing specifics: Be sure to write your paper using an Academic APA Writing style. This
means to write using a third person style, not using first person referencing. Do not use “I” or
“We” in the writing. Your paper should be a minimum of 5 pages, excluding the title and
reference pages.
Structure your paper with the following sections:
Introduction: Create a topic sentence that summarizes your topic and explains the title of the
paper. Flesh out the introduction with an overview of what your paper will cover. A good rule of
thumb is to write one sentence for each section of your paper in your introduction.
Body of your paper: You can label this section as appropriate to your research and analysis of
your findings on your topic. For instance you can label this section as Literature Review (or
Findings) of Your Topic. You can have sub-topic areas in this section as appropriate to your
topic. <See APA template for how to properly lay out your paper and the various sections.>
Next section of your paper: This area can be labeled as Conclusion. In this area you will
conclude your findings on your topic and provide suggestions for further/future research.
Last section of your paper: This is the Reference section. Any res.
Planning and organisation of essays by Cristian ZarzaCristian Zarza
This document provides guidance on planning and organizing essays. It discusses developing a thesis statement, creating an outline, structuring paragraphs with a topic sentence and supporting details, and writing effective introductions and conclusions. Key steps include planning with mind maps or notecards, using various paragraph types to structure the essay body, and concluding with a summary or call to action that leaves the reader with something to consider.
Deductive vs Inductive ReasoningDeductive reasoning starts out w.docxsimonithomas47935
This document provides guidance for writing a research report, including its structure, formatting, and content. It outlines a five-chapter model for the report, with each chapter addressing a different component: Chapter 1 provides an introduction and background; Chapter 2 presents a literature review; Chapter 3 describes the methodology; Chapter 4 presents the findings and results; and Chapter 5 offers conclusions. Additional sections like the abstract, references, and appendices are also noted. Specific requirements are given for formatting the report, citing sources, and ensuring academic integrity. The document serves as a reference for students in developing an original research report that demonstrates their expertise on the chosen topic area.
This document provides guidance on effective note taking strategies for research papers. It recommends using note cards to organize source information and notes on topics. Source cards should include bibliographic information to help identify sources and prepare citations and a reference list. Note cards can summarize, paraphrase, or directly quote information and should include a page number reference. Taking accurate notes helps avoid plagiarism. The document also provides tips for effective note taking such as keeping notes focused and correctly citing sources.
The document provides guidance on writing documents and reports. It discusses the different types of documents and reports, outlines the preferred report writing format, and provides tips for writing letters and taking notes. The preferred report writing format includes sections for the title, table of contents, summary, introduction, body, conclusion, recommendations, and appendices. Tips for note taking include dating notes, writing important points, using examples, color, headings, and keeping notes organized. Letter writing tips include identifying the letter type, properly opening and closing, establishing the intent, using careful language, and considering length.
BA634 Current & Emerging Technology Research Paper 1 .docxwilcockiris
BA634 Current & Emerging Technology
Research Paper
1
Understanding Evolving Technologies
As we all know technology is evolving at a rate that, to some, seems
overwhelming. These technologies often evolve to offer higher quality products and
services at lower prices causing a disruption in markets that is sometimes perceived as
unwelcome. These disruptive technologies are sometimes the results of innovative
business models that are also part of the evolving processes of a competitive
marketplace.
This is an individual research paper required from BA634 students.
As a Research Project, select one of the following research areas:
Cloud Computing (Intranet, Extranet, and Internet)
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Internet of Things (IoT)
Robotics
Medical Technology
1) Your research paper needs to be between 12-15 pages.
2) It needs be submitted as a WORD document.
3) The research paper must only include materials from peer reviewed
journals and peer reviewed conference proceedings. APA formatted
citations are therefore required for the final submission. Newspapers,
websites (URLs), magazines, technical journals, hearsay, personal
opinions, and white papers are NOT acceptable citations.
4) Each submission will be checked for plagiarism. All plagiarized
documents will results in a grade of zero for the exercise.
5) If there is extensive synonym use or not understandable, long
sentences, the document will results in a grade of zero for the
exercise.
6) The final research paper must include your through analysis and synthesis
of the peer reviewed literature used in your research paper.
7) There will be a limit of 3 images, tables, figures are to be included in the
BA634 Current & Emerging Technology
Research Paper
2
appendices and DO NOT count for page limit requirements.
8) Long quotations (i.e. paragraphs) are NOT permitted. Only one quoted
sentence is permitted per page.
9) Footnotes are NOT permitted.
Document Details
Chapter 1 Introduction
Background/Introduction
In this section, present enough information about the proposed work such that the reader
understands the general context or setting. It is also helpful to include a summary of how the rest
of this document is organized.
Problem Statement
In this section, present a concise statement of a research-worthy problem addressed (i.e., why the
work should be undertaken – don’t say required for the class). Follow the statement of the
problem with a well-supported discussion of its scope and nature. The discussion of the problem
should include: what the problem is, why it is a problem, how the problem evolved or developed,
and the issues and events leading to the problem.
Goal
Next, include a concise definition of the goal of the work (i.e., what the work will accomplish).
Aim to define a goal that is measurable.
Research Questions
Research que.
This presentation provides an overview of how to write a research paper. It discusses choosing a topic, gathering materials through research, making an outline, taking notes, quoting and paraphrasing sources, and issues of plagiarism. The main parts of a research paper are introduced as the abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. The purpose of each section is explained. Consistent formatting of sources is recommended to help readers understand arguments and allow easy referencing.
This presentation provides an overview of how to write a research paper. It discusses choosing a topic, gathering materials through research, making an outline, taking notes, using quotes and paraphrasing properly to avoid plagiarism, and formatting the paper consistently. The main sections of a research paper are typically an abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Consistent formatting is important to help readers understand arguments and sources.
The document provides guidance on writing for business analysis. It outlines a 6-step process for writing documents: prewriting, drafting a framework/outline, revising, editing, proofreading, and publishing. Key aspects of each step are described, such as researching topics, brainstorming, creating an outline, reviewing logical flow, editing for clarity and flow, and proofreading for errors. Technical writing guidelines are also provided, such as using active voice and defining technical terms. The document emphasizes tailoring writing for the intended audience and including only relevant information to effectively convey the writer's intent.
Helping sudents/professionals preparare a Thesis, Scientific Paper, improve Oral Presentation Skills for conference presentations, prepare a CV/Resume and Cover Letter
Appendix GENG102 Version 41Associate Level MaterialAp.docxrossskuddershamus
Appendix G
ENG/102 Version 4
1
Associate Level Material
Appendix G
Finding, Evaluating, and Utilizing Credible Information
This course requires a higher level of research than you may have undertaken in the past. You must find sources that are reliable, related to your paper’s topic, and contain evidence to support your claims and arguments. Take thorough notes while you find these sources, and be careful to avoid plagiarism by appropriately quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing your sources.
Using the University Library
In previous courses, you used the Internet to research information about different topics. In this course, you may still use the Internet sparingly, but the University Library provides a wider variety of resources that are more appropriate for formal research papers.
The University Library includes the following resources:
· Databases. These databases contain magazine articles, journal articles, newspaper articles, audio clips, and other types of multimedia, statistics, articles with opposing viewpoints, and much more. You can search through the databases by specialization, subject, author, title, publication, and so forth.
· Research resources. Besides the databases, the library also contains access to books, dissertations, theses, research in Spanish, Canadian information, country profiles and economic data, encyclopedias and dictionaries, and journal indexes and abstracts.
· Writing and test-taking resources. The library also provides guides for preparing for and taking different kinds of tests, improving writing and grammar, and so on.
· Help. The library contains links to a Frequently Asked Questions page, timely feedback from a librarian, a research tutorial, and a library handbook.
As you search for sources, you may receive thousands of results for a topic in the University Library. If that happens, you may have to narrow your topic, or you may need to enter more specific information in the search engine. The library tutorial at http://www.apollolibrary.com/Library/tutorial.aspx provides information for using Boolean search commands to expand, limit, or refine a search for information.
Finding and Evaluating Credible Information
A credible source is one that is trustworthy, providing true, accurate, and balanced information. Generally, periodicals, journals, and other sources found in the University Library are credible because they are written by professionals and must be approved to be published. Many of the library articles are peer reviewed—written by professionals and reviewed by other professionals in the same area of expertise to ensure the research is credible and trustworthy. On the other hand, websites may be written by anyone, so credibility is usually more difficult to determine.
In this course, you are required to find five to seven credible sources. To show your credibility as an effective researcher, you must select a variety of valid sources. Avoid using only websites or using only books.
The document provides guidance on writing a report style essay for a geography exam, including:
1) Research and preparation is key, with planning, gathering a balanced range of sources, and organizing materials into a file.
2) Practicing report writing helps understand the required structured format, which merges traditional essays with elements like numbered sections and diagrams.
3) In the exam, a plan and introduction should be provided, with the body using language and structure to illustrate, contrast, extend and conclude points, while evaluating perspectives.
This document provides guidance on writing an academic essay. It defines what an essay is, explaining that it is an intellectual exploration of a topic between 500-5000 words. It then outlines a 10 step process for researching, planning and writing an essay: 1) Interpret the question, 2) Organize your time, 3) Do research and take notes, 4) Establish your position, 5) Plan the structure, 6) Write a draft, 7) Reference sources, 8) Draft and redraft, 9) Refine by editing and proofreading, 10) Present your work. Key aspects covered include developing an argument supported by evidence, structuring paragraphs, and avoiding plagiarism through proper referencing.
The purpose of this paper is to1. increase your knowledge oBHANU281672
This document provides instructions for a strategic management project on Caterpillar Inc. Students will take on the role of an Assistant Strategic Development Analyst at Caterpillar and maintain a Strategic Management Research Journal to appraise Caterpillar's corporate data, competitors, strategy, and recommend strategic actions. They will then present their findings and recommendations to Caterpillar's leadership team. The project involves analyzing Caterpillar's current strategic management over 4 weeks and presenting proposed improvements in the 5th week.
BA634 Current & Emerging TechnologyResearch PaperUnderstanding.docxwilcockiris
BA634 Current & Emerging Technology
Research Paper
Understanding Evolving Technologies
As we all know technology is evolving at a rate that, to some, seems overwhelming. These technologies often evolve to offer higher quality products and services at lower prices causing a disruption in markets that is sometimes perceived as unwelcome. These disruptive technologies are sometimes the results of innovative business models that are also part of the evolving processes of a competitive marketplace.
This is an individual research paper required from BA643 students.
As a Research Project, select one of the following research areas: Cloud Computing (Intranet, Extranet, and Internet), Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), Robotics, or Medical Technology.
1) The research paper must only include materials from peer reviewed journals and peer reviewed conference proceedings. APA formatted citations are therefore required for the final submission. Newspapers, websites (URLs), magazines, technical journals, hearsay, personal opinions, and white papers are NOT acceptable citations.
2) Each submission will be checked for plagiarism. All plagiarized documents will results in a grade of zero for the exercise.
3) If there is extensive synonym use or not understandable, long sentences, the document will results in a grade of zero for the exercise.
4) The final research paper must include your through analysis and synthesis of the peer reviewed literature used in your research paper.
5) All images, tables, figures are to be included in the appendices and DO NOT count for page limit requirements.
6) Long quotations (i.e. paragraphs) are NOT permitted. Only one quoted sentence is permitted per page.
7) Footnotes are NOT permitted.
Document DetailsChapter 1 Introduction
Background/Introduction
In this section, present enough information about the proposed work such that the reader understands the general context or setting. It is also helpful to include a summary of how the rest of this document is organized. Problem Statement
In this section, present a concise statement of a research-worthy problem addressed (i.e., why the work should be undertaken – don’t say required for the class). Follow the statement of the problem with a well-supported discussion of its scope and nature. The discussion of the problem should include: what the problem is, why it is a problem, how the problem evolved or developed, and the issues and events leading to the problem. Goal
Next, include a concise definition of the goal of the work (i.e., what the work will accomplish). Aim to define a goal that is measurable.
Research Questions
Research questions are developed to help guide the authors through the literature for a given problem area. What were the open-ended questions asked and why did you find (or not find) them adequate. Relevance and Significance
Consider the following questions as you read through the article and state how the author.
How to write a research paper for undergraduate students in Corona's time: to...Aboul Ella Hassanien
Here is a potential thesis statement for this topic:
While Wikipedia provides a useful starting point for research, it should not be used as a final source in academic papers due to concerns about reliability and lack of authoritative sources, though with care it can help students become familiar with topics and find other credible sources.
Similar to COM 4430 Paper Topic You need t.docx (20)
COMMONALITY AND DIVERSITY OF OPERATING SYSTEMS .docxcargillfilberto
COMMONALITY AND DIVERSITY OF OPERATING SYSTEMS 2
Maintaining a strong security system in the networking environment to prevent any form of attack and compromise information has been a formidable problem in recent times. There is fairly a small number of operating systems compared to the vast number of computer systems that are in operation. This situation has created a leeway for cyber attackers to target the systems easily (Palmer, 2010). Cyber attackers have formulated diverse techniques to exploit the homogeneity of the network environment. This article will explore the benefits related to diversity and commonality in the event of a malicious attack.
The purpose of any security strategy is to completely eliminate or at least limit the impact of damage to a successful attack on a particular system. At some point, any computer can be vulnerable to malware attacks, and the most important aspect in a case like this is to achieve an optimum level of preparedness. Diversity of the operating systems is beneficial in several ways, though an organization could incur an extra operational cost. Moving some groups of users to various different operating systems helps avert the overall damage caused by the SQL Slammer and MSBlast worms. Malicious-code attacks directed towards the commonly used operating system, windows, have been so rampant, thereby necessitating the need for improved security procedures of the computers (Anderson & Anderson, 2010).
Significant operational damages have been incurred before by businesses and enterprise to extensive downtime, brought about by malware attacks. Adopting diversity in operating systems comes along with several security benefits;
· Helps contain malicious-code attacks- Virus and worm attacks target and exploit the flaws in windows operating systems. In a case like this, availing an alternative operating system would be critical in helping to contain the spread to other PCs owned by the business. The impact of the attack is leveled down since some core business can be carried out in the event of an attack.
· Directing some pressure towards Microsoft- Health competition among service and commodity provider is beneficial for the consumers. Being diversified in terms of operating systems pushes dominant companies like Microsoft to try so hard to meet the security needs of their customers.
· It helps speed up innovations in the sense that other operating system developers will work towards improving their operating systems to match that of the windows. Such innovations include stable security systems that prevent malware from instilling too much damage to the computer system.
Exercising commonality in the usage of operating systems comes with its own benefits, too, especially when dealing with a malicious attack. The business would not incur too much cost, in the event of a .
Common Mistakes I see on this paper are1. Using summaries and .docxcargillfilberto
Common Mistakes I see on this paper are
1. Using summaries and reviews written by other authors rather than using the actual IOM report and viewing each section, or viewing the IOM's summaries of it's report.
2. Forgetting to include information on how the IOM report will or has impacted one's practice. This is worth a high percentage of points
3. Not formatting the paper in APA, citing sources or using current sources like those supplied in our course resources for the week (since I am supplying a template APA should be flawless)
4. Going over the allowed length (papers that are over the criteria for length will be returned for revision)
5. Including background information, losing focus - remember the goal is to discuss the recommendations for education, practice, leadership and discuss how they can be achieved.
6. Ineffective introduction, too long, does not introduce the topic briefly, does not include a summary of what the paper will cover
LINKS TO THE IOM REPORT AND IOM SUMMARIES OF THE REPORT (These should be your main references for the report, don’t use a summary written about the report, use the IOMs summaries)
Download whole report as guest
Report Brief
Summary of Report on Education
Summary of Report on Practice
Summary of recommendations
Great infograph that highlights IOM recommendations. Here is the link. This link gives an outline of the IOM's recommendations. Both offer an option that provides quick access to needed information in a brief and easy to follow format. Hope these are helpful.
How to Reference and Cite the IOM Report
IOM will each have the same author (the Institute of Medicine is the author) and year you will differentiate them by adding a small case letter after the year of publication in both your reference and citation. The reference would be listed in alphabetical order using the title. I have posted examples below.
Institute of Medicine [IOM]. (2010). Future of nursing: Focus on education. Retrieved from www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing/Nursing%20Education%202010%20Brief.pdf
Research Article
The Cross-Category Effect
Mere Social Categorization Is Sufficient to Elicit an
Own-Group Bias in Face Recognition
Michael J. Bernstein, Steven G. Young, and Kurt Hugenberg
Miami University
ABSTRACT—Although the cross-race effect (CRE) is a well-
established phenomenon, both perceptual-expertise and
social-categorization models have been proposed to ex-
plain the effect. The two studies reported here investigated
the extent to which categorizing other people as in-group
versus out-group members is sufficient to elicit a pattern of
face recognition analogous to that of the CRE, even when
perceptual expertise with the stimuli is held constant. In
Study 1, targets were categorized as members of real-life
in-groups and out-groups (based on university affiliation),
whereas in Study 2, targets were categorized into experi-
mentally created .
Common symptoms of memory changes during the lifetime in healthy.docxcargillfilberto
Common symptoms of memory changes during the lifetime in healthy people generally start gradually beginning with those associated with episodic memory i.e. forgetting names of people or details of personally experienced events. While semantic memory does not decline in the same way and can in fact be equal to those of younger people, aging adults typically access general knowledge and information more slowly (Dixon et al., 2006).This is a sign of declining working memory which encompasses processing speed, attentional capability/distractibility and problem solving (Dixon et al., 2006; Richmond et al., 2011). Another type of memory change may stem from a decline in sensory acuity. For example, loss of vision, hearing, taste and smell would all impact how stimuli are encoded and will contribute to additional attentional interference (Wolfe & Horowitz, 2004)
Compared with expected changes in memory functioning over the lifespan, pathological conditions such as anterograde amnesia and loss of semantic memory are much more debilitating. Since typically developing memory decline is gradual and centers around past experiences rather than general knowledge, people are often able to adapt to their “forgetfulness” with the assistance of formal and informal compensatory strategies such as more effortful attention, associative learning of new information, making to-do lists, keeping a journal and/or relying on another close individual to fill in missing pieces of stories and events (Dixon et al., 2006)
While typically aging adults may make a to-do list but have to spend time trying to find where they left it, in the case of anterograde amnesia, this sort of strategy would be ineffective. This is because these individuals would have no memory of even making a list since they have lost the ability to form new memories (Squire & Wixted, 2011). People with this condition are likely to become easily confused in social situations involving unfamiliar people since they will not retain any introductory information provided.
Loss of semantic memory would also be more negatively impactful than loss of episodic memory because an individual would lose the ability to make sense of objects in their everyday environment. For example, they make not be able to identify what a television or a toilet is or what each item is used for. As is the case with anterograde amnesia, compensatory strategies that are effective for typical aging memory decline could not be used for semantic memory loss since the individuals would not be able to engage in metamemory cognitions that would enable them to identify their areas of deficit and the most appropriate strategies to address these (Squire & Wixted, 2011). In addition, in both conditions, the individual would require a high level of external support to live safely.
References
Dixon, R. A., Rust, T. B., Feltmate, S. E., & See, S. K. (2007). Memor.
Common Surface-Level Issues for the Informative Essay(Note Thes.docxcargillfilberto
Common Surface-Level Issues for the Informative Essay
(Note: These Surface-Level Issues will be the only grammar/mechanics issues that I will look for in this paper. I will add more in subsequent papers.)
· Have a title! Every written work has a title; yours should be no exception. (The title should be something interesting, and NOT Assignment 1 or Informative Essay!)
· Neither authors nor articles SAY anything (same thing with TALKS ABOUT) – it’s a text. “Anderson argues…” or “Jones believes…” or “Brown states…”
· Always write about the article (or any source you are use) in the present tense. It is a text, which means it always exists in the present. Even if the author is dead, the text is not. This means “Smith notes…” not “Smith noted…”
· The titles of articles belong in quotations marks. Italics are for books and movies.
· Make sure your writing is more formal than your speech – there should be no “I was so freaked out” or “I was totally bummed.” This is a formal essay, so even though it is personal, your writing should reflect formality. Don’t use slang.
· Do not use the word “you” (the second person) in a formal essay. People use it a lot to try to generalize. “You think the Internet is safe, but it’s not.” Instead, you can write, “Many people think the Internet is safe, but it’s not.”
· Avoid using too many rhetorical questions in your essay. A few are fine for effect, but be careful how and why you use them. It is generally not considered a good idea to begin paragraphs with a rhetorical question either.
· Notice how I changed it to, “MANY people think…” rather than, “EVERYONE thinks…” Be careful that you don’t assume too much about what people in general think.
· Introduce all quotes. They should not be their own sentences. (Also a reminder that the first time you introduce a source you need to give that source credibility so it is clear that the source has expert knowledge.)
Grammar/Mechanics Issues:
· Make sure all of the punctuation is correct. One thing to remember is that the quotation marks go right after the quote, not after the in-text citations parentheses.
· Make sure everything is spelled correctly. One thing to look for: there/their/they’re issues as well as to/too/two. Those are the most common, but there are others, of course.
· Subject/verb agreement. This is pretty-straightforward, and means looking for things like, “There is some more of those in the other room.” And, “My brother receive the prize for the best haircut.”
· Sentence fragments/run-on sentences. Make sure that all your sentences. Have a complete thought! Also, make sure they do not have too many thoughts in them because that means that it is a run-on sentence and that means that it can be too confusing for your readers if you include too much in one sentence, so you will want to be sure to break it up. (
Formatting/Documentation Issues
· Make sure the paper is written in 12 point Times New Roman font with 1 inch margins on all sides. .
Commercial Space TravelThere are about a half dozen commercial s.docxcargillfilberto
Commercial Space Travel
There are about a half dozen commercial space entrepreneurs globally today. Pick one of those companies, and then provide a short history of their company, outline their current projects, and describe their future plans for space travel. Describe the biggest obstacles that they will have to overcome to achieve their goals.
Your initial discussion post should be succinct (only about 200–300 words) and include references to your sources.
.
Common sports-relatedshoulder injuriesShoulder pain is.docxcargillfilberto
Common sports-related
shoulder injuries
S
houlder pain is commonly treated in general practice; its causes are often
multi-factorial. The focus of this article is on sports-related shoulder injuries
likely to be seen in the community. This article aims to overview the presen-
tation, assessment and management of these conditions in general practice.
The GP curriculum and common sports-related shoulder injuries
Clinical module 3.20: Care of people with musculoskeletal problems lists the learning objectives required
for a GP to manage common sports-related shoulder injuries in the community or refer for specialist management. In
particular, GPs are expected to be able to:
. Communicate health information effectively to promote better outcomes
. Explore the perceptions, ideas or beliefs the patient has about the condition and whether these may be acting as
barriers to recovery
. Use simple techniques and consistent advice to promote activity in the presence of pain and stiffness
. Agree treatment goals and facilitate supported self-management, particularly around pain, function and physical
activity
. Assess the importance and meaning of the following presenting features:
. pain: nature, location, severity, history of trauma
. variation of symptoms over time
. loss of function – weakness, restricted movement, deformity and disability, ability to perform usual work or
occupation
. Understand that reducing pain and disability rather than achieving a complete cure could be the goal of
treatment
. Understand indications and limitations of plain radiography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance scans
. Diagnose common, regional soft-tissue problems that can be managed in primary care
. Understand the challenge that many musculoskeletal conditions might be better and more confidently managed
by other healthcare personnel rather than GPs, because most GPs do not gain the necessary treatment skills
during their training
. Refer those conditions which may benefit from early referral to an orthopaedic surgeon
The four most common categories of shoulder pain
seen in primary care are (Mitchell, Adebajo, Hay, &
Carr, 2005):
. Rotator cuff disorders (85% tendinopathy)
. Glenohumeral disorders
. Acromioclavicular joint disease, and
. Referred neck pain.
There are many different types of sports that can cause
acute or chronic shoulder injuries. In professional English
Rugby Union, for example, the most common match
injury is of the acromioclavicular joint (32% overall) and
the most severe injury requiring the longest time off
(mean of 81 days) is shoulder dislocation (Headey,
Brooks, & Kemp, 2007).
Shoulder injuries can also occur in non-contact sports,
such as golf, tennis, swimming and weightlifting.
Although shoulder injuries may be more common in con-
tact sports, the injury may have a larger impact on the
performance of individuals playing non-contact sports.
For example, golfers require very precise manoeuvres
of their dominant.
Common Law Strict Liability Introduction Strict liabilit.docxcargillfilberto
Common Law Strict Liability
Introduction: Strict liability, or liability without fault, is a category of unintentional torts
in which the wrongdoer may be held liable for harm to others even when exercising
utmost care and being as careful as possible. Strict liability applies to (1) abnormally
dangerous activities. Abnormally dangerous activities are those that involve a high risk
of serious harm to persons or property that cannot be completely eliminated even with
reasonable care, such as using and storing explosives, stunt flying, keeping wild
animals, and trespassing livestock.
Product Liability**
Introduction: Product liability, sometimes called strict product liability refers to cases in
which a person is injured by a product, or use of a product because the product is
defective in some way. When a product is defective it may become abnormally
dangerous although the product, when not defective, may be safe.
Please also see Instructor Notes link in week 2 for further details and explanation of
product liability.
**Strict product liability is often confused with the separate common law tort of strict
liability, sometimes referred to as “liability without fault”. Strict liability applies only to a
small category of abnormally dangerous activities, such as use of explosives, fireworks,
and stunt flying. Please see section above.
Warranties and Product Liability
Introduction: A warranty is a promise, or guarantee, by a seller or lessor that certain
facts are true of the goods being sold or leased. Types of warranties include (1)
warranties of title guaranteeing that the goods have clear and valid title, (2) express
warranties promising specific facts about the goods, and (3) implied warranties of
merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. A warranty creates a legal duty for
the seller or lessor; a non-breaching party can recover damages for breach of
warranty(ies). Because warranties are associated with the sale or lease of products,
breach of warranty claims are a part of product liability claims and manufacturers and
sellers of goods can be held liable for breach of warranty for defective products.
Warranties are subject to regulation under the UCC, product liability tort law, contract
law, and the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act.
Product Liability**
Product liability, sometimes called strict product liability refers to cases in which a
person is injured by a product, or use of a product because the product is
defective in some way. When a product is defective it may become abnormally
dangerous although the product, when not defective, may be safe.
Definitions of a Defective Product in Product Liability
Products may become defective because of:
1) defective manufacture (so the product is "broken", not perfectly made, i.e., a product
is manufactured so that the electric wiring is improperly made/attached, etc. and may
cause a fire or cause elect.
Common Core 2
Common Core Comment by Author: this should not be bold
Casey Berry
English / 200
September 5, 2018
Ms. Gaby Maruri
Introduction Comment by Author: this needs to be centered and not in bold; it needs to be the title of your paper Comment by Author:
Common core is a standardized education tool that is being used in almost 43 states of America. It is like an outline that has various benchmarks which need to be completed at the end of each grade so that students can successfully learn. It is like having a check and balance on what the students should learn. The primary aim is to prepare learners of America for college and make sure that they are acquiring various skills. Although some people believe that Common Core has been a great model and useful for education, it is an unnecessary program to have in schools and needs to be eliminated for several reasons. Comment by Author: plural needed
However, this practice is disadvantageous for students as well as teachers because no other material knows better than the teachers about the needs, wants, and goals of the students. Teachers can easily teach their students after analyzing their needs and previous knowledge. Moreover, this tool is unconstitutional as it has been created by the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and the Council of Chief State Officers with help from the Bill and Melissa Gates Foundation not the Department of Education. Comment by Author: choose a different phrase---“outer” is a bit awkward Comment by Author: Comment by Author: Comment by Author: rephrase this---“…can know about the needs, wants, and goals of students better than the classroom teacher.” Comment by Author: missing comma
Common core unconstitutional Comment by Author: needs to be centered; titles should not be complete sentences—think of newspaper titles…they’re fragments
The step to create a tool of education has not been taken by the Department of Education. Instead, it has been established by the National Governors Association and Council of Chief State School Officers with no input from the Department of Education. It means that they have taken the responsibility of making crucial decisions regarding policies of education and the standardized testing system from the authorities of states (Robins, 2013). Comment by Author: article missing---a
what do you mean by “the step to create a tool of education”?? Did the department of education hire the private company who created The Common Core?? Comment by Author: of Comment by Author: the standardized
Common Core not embraced by teachers
After this program was introduced, many teachers, who had been using their styles and methodologies of teaching for many years, had to adapt their methods and had to bring enormous changes to their lesso.
common core state stanDarDs For english Language arts & .docxcargillfilberto
This document provides exemplar texts for the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts. It begins with an introduction explaining the process used to select texts to serve as examples for each grade band. The criteria for selection were complexity, quality, and range. The document is then divided into sections for each grade band, with stories, poetry, and informational texts provided as examples along with some sample performance tasks related to the texts. The goal is to provide guideposts for teachers in selecting texts of similar complexity, quality, and range to meet the Standards for their classrooms.
COMMON ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF INDIVIDUALSBA 354COLLEG.docxcargillfilberto
COMMON ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF INDIVIDUALS
BA 354
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS
1
ASSUMPTIONS OF THE “GIVING VOICE TO VALUES” APPROACH:
Ethical dilemmas at work are common, not rare.
You have values that you want to live up to.
There are many ways that you can voice your values.
Practicing ahead of time will help you to be more effective.
2
THE POWER OF FAIRNESS
The example of grades
Equity
Reciprocity
Impartiality
3
Discrimination
Unequal treatment based on one’s race, gender, ethnicity, national origin, religion, age, disability, etc.
Standard for hiring, promotions, etc., should be the ability to do a job
+
4
Have you ever experienced discrimination?
What could you have done about it?
Why is discrimination an ethical issue?
DISCRIMINATION
5
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Objectivity is compromised by possibility of financial or other gains.
Gifts or bribes
Access to resources such as privileged information
Relationships or Influence
6
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
7
Conflict of Interest
Your daughter is applying to a prestigious university. Since admission to the school is difficult, your daughter has planned the process carefully. She has consistently achieved high marks, taken preparatory courses for entrance exams, and has participated in various extracurricular activities. When you tell one of your best customers about her activities, he offers to write her a letter of recommendation. He's an alumnus of the school and is one of its most active fund raisers. Although he's a customer, you also regularly play golf together and your families have socialized together on occasion.
8
CUSTOMER CONFIDENCE
Includes such issues as
Confidentiality
Product safety
Truth in advertising
Fiduciary responsibilities
9
Confidentiality
You work for a consulting company in Atlanta. Your team has recently completed an analysis of Big Co. including sales projections for the next five years. You're working late one night when you receive a call from an executive vice president at Big Co. in Los Angeles, who asks you to immediately fax her a summary of your team's report. When you locate the report, you discover that your team leader has stamped "For internal use only" on the report cover. Your team leader is on a hiking vacation and you know it would be impossible to locate him. Big Co. has a long-standing relationship with your company and has paid substantial fees for your company's services.
10
Product Safety
You’re the head of marketing for a small pharmaceutical company that has just discovered a very promising drug for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. You have spent months designing a marketing campaign which contains printed materials and medication sample kits for distribution to almost every family physician and gerontologist in the country. As the materials are being loaded into cartons for delivery to your company’s representatives, your assistant tells you that .
Common CoreCasey BerryEnglish 200August .docxcargillfilberto
Common Core
Casey Berry
English / 200
August 29, 2018
Ms. Gaby Maruri
Common Core
I) Introduction
A. Common Core is an educational tool that should not be used in our public schools.
B. Common Core is unconstitutional and is a disadvantage for teachers as well as students and their parents.
C. Although some people believe that Common Core has been a great model and useful for education, it is an unnecessary program to have in schools and needs to be eliminated for several reasons.
II) Body
A. Common core is unconstitutional.
· Common Core was not a concept done by the Department of Education (DOE).
· It was created by a company named Achieve, Inc. and released under two private associations, the National Governors Association (NGA) and the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO).
· Educational responsibility has been taken away from the states and local districts.
B. Common Core has not been embraced by teachers very well.
· Many teachers have had to adapt their style of teaching to accommodate the Common Core curriculum.
· It only focuses on three specific subjects such as Mathematics.
· Focuses more on “critical thinking” rather than knowledge.
C. It is not beneficial for students and their parents.
· Parents have a difficult time helping their children with homework because they do not understand the methods used to solve the problems.
· Prepares students more for the workforce, rather than college.
III) Refuting Opponents Arguments Comment by Author: You list opposing arguments, but you did not provide refutations.
D. States win more money
· States that implement Common Core have the chance to compete for Race to the Top money and a better chance at a No Child Left Behind Waiver.
E. Prepares students more efficiently
· Students who are taught Common Core are more prepared for college than others.
F. Statewide standards benefit students from other states
· Statewide based school standards allow teachers to assist better students who move frequently and are constantly changing schools.
IV) Conclusion
G. While for some Common Core is a success, it is still a nuisance that needs to be eliminated. It takes rights away from teachers, parents and schools.
H. A Disaster For Libraries, a disaster for Language Arts, a Disaster for American Education. Comment by Author: Not sure how this will play out, but just be sure that this does not present itself as new information. Comment by Author: Comment by Author:
I. Finally, there is no evidence that having national standards and increasing testing have improved student learning in the past.
References
Shanahan, T. (2015). COMMON CORE STATE STANDARDS. Elementary School Journal, 115(4), 464-479.
I believe that this reference is justified and appropriate because the entire book covers the standards and meat of the common core curriculum. It is broad and general to help readers with little to no knowledge on the topic.
Robbins, J. (2013). Uncommonly bad. Ac.
Common Holy Days in Jewish Religious TraditionsComplete th.docxcargillfilberto
Common Holy Days in Jewish Religious Traditions
Complete
the table below with information about Jewish holy days. Identify at least seven Jewish religious holy days and place each holy day in the correct season (time of year). Provide a brief explanation of each holy day you identified.
Note
: An example has been provided. You may add additional rows or move the text fields to different locations within the table as needed.
Fall
(September – November)
Winter
(December – February)
Spring
(March – May)
Summer
(June – August)
Enter text.
Example:
Hanukkah
Hanukkah is an 8 day-long Festival of Lights. It is a celebration of the victory of the Maccabees over the armies of Syria, as well as the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem.
Enter text.
Enter text.
Enter text.
Enter text.
Enter text.
Enter text.
Part 2: Major Sects of Judaism
Select
three major sects of Judaism to compare and contrast. Identify them in the table below.
Sect of Judaism
Enter text.
Sect of Judaism
Enter text.
Sect of Judaism
Enter text.
In the table below,
list
at least two similarities and two differences among the sects of Judaism you selected.
Similarities
Differences
Enter text.
Enter text.
Part 3: Summary
Write
a 525- to 700-word summary that includes the following:
· A description of the life and importance of one key person in Jewish history
· An explanation of one key event in the history of Judaism that is connected to that person
· A description of any rituals, symbols, or sacred texts in Judaism associated with this event or person
· Brief explanation of Jewish ethics
Summary
Enter text.
Include
references formatted according to APA guidelines.
References
Enter text.
.
Common Hacking Techniques You Should Know AboutHacking is th.docxcargillfilberto
Common Hacking Techniques You Should Know About
Hacking
is the process of gaining unauthorized access into a computer system, or group of computer systems. This is done through cracking of passwords and codes which gives access to the systems.
Discussion/Research Questions
What are the best ways to guard against hacking attacks?
List one of the biggest (known) hacks of all time and provide a few details related to this incident
.
Common Pool Resource ManagementKim Townsend SUS 350 Sustai.docxcargillfilberto
Common Pool Resource Management
Kim Townsend
SUS 350 Sustainable Communities
Key Features of Common Pool Resources
Goods that are difficult or costly to exclude users from
Subtractability-use of a resource by one person means it is not available to another
Core resource-a measure of the stock which must be retained to provide non-declining future stock
Fringe units-extractable units where availability is a function of the relative productivity of the core resource and rate of harvest
Marine Fisheries CPR Example
Used by multiple individuals through time and at the same time.
Subtractable—over-fishing reduces availability of stock for other users.
Core—total number of fish in a specific population required to sustain the population through time.
Fringe—number of fish that can be harvested without reducing the ability of the population to sustain itself through time.
Water
Subtractability-use of a resource by one person means it is not available to another
Core?
Fringe?
We must consider both quantity and quality of water in a system
Why is water quantity/quality important?
The Tragedy of the Commons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYA1y405JW0
Narrative created by Garrett Harden, a renowned ecologist, in a 1968 Nature paper
Is this model too simplistic? Which assumptions can be questioned?
Elinor Ostrom: Sustainable Development
and the Tragedy of the Commons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ByXM47Ri1Kc
Elinor "Lin" Ostrom (born Elinor Claire Awan;[2] August 7, 1933 – June 12, 2012) was an American political economist[3][4][5] whose work was associated with the New Institutional Economics and the resurgence of political economy.[6] In 2009, she shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Oliver E. Williamson for "her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons".[7] To date, she remains the only woman to win The Prize in Economics.
7
Elinor Ostrom’s Cooperative Management Conditions
Dr. Ostrom studied thousands of locally self-governed CPR systems all around the world
to determine what the sustainable systems had in common, and what the failures had in common.
Ostrom developed a set of design principles associated with sustainable local community governance of small-scale CPRs.
Ostrom’s Cooperative Management Conditions (1/2)
Clearly defined boundaries
Who gets access, who doesn’t
Resource boundaries
Congruence
Costs ≈ Benefits of cooperating
Appropriation rules are fair and sensible, locale-specific
Argues against “one rule system fits all” approach.
Collective-choice arrangements
Most individuals affected have a voice in changing the rules
Monitoring
Monitors are the cooperative members
Ostrom’s Cooperative Management Conditions (2/2)
Graduated sanctions
Punishment scaled to the offence
Sanctions administered by the cooperative
Conflict-resolution mechanisms
Access to low-cost, rapid, local way to resolve conflicts
Recognition of Rights to Organize
Community’s right t.
Common Assignment Prepare a written analysis of the impact of the.docxcargillfilberto
Common Assignment:
Prepare a written analysis of the impact of the 4th, 5th, 6
th
8
th
and the 14th Amendments to the US Constitution in processing offenders through the criminal justice system. Explain the concept of due process as applied to the U.S. Constitution.
What due process rights are contained in the US Constitution? Give examples.
What is procedural due process and why does it exist?
Do you think any of these rights should be revoked at any time? Which ones?
What made you choose those?
To what extent does procedural due process hinders or strengthens the criminal justice system?
.
Common Assignment Essay Objective of this Assignment.docxcargillfilberto
Common Assignment Essay
Objective of this Assignment: This assignment will be used to evaluate student progress on the
course learning objectives. The assignment will be uploaded as a file on Blackboard.
Instructions: Students will follow the process outlined below to guide them in the development of a
comparative essay. The essay should be approximately 700-1000 words, and should include
footnotes.
➢ Step One: Essay Purpose / Relevance / The Task of a Historian
o Purpose: Students should consider why the topic of memorializing the Mexican
American War is a contemporary problem facing historians.
o Task of a Historian: Your work should clearly communicate the purpose of public history
sites (museums / battlegrounds / memorials), the current struggle between art and truth,
the reasons why this event has been ignored by previous generations / administrations,
and the societal impact of neglecting a major historic event.
o Relevance: Your work should consider the current facilities and public history sites
dedicated to honoring this event and its participants, as well as the funding and
supporters associated with those sites. (At a minimum you should examine the facilities
in Texas, however, there are links provided to steer you to other state /federal facilities).
Furthermore, you should consider the message provided at those sites / exhibits and
whether this message is satisfactory given the mission of public historians.
o You may copy and paste sections of your source analysis from the previous essay, just
pay attention to flow and be sure to utilize footnotes.
➢ Step Two: You must use these two sources. Read these first so you can understand the war,
and how it has or has not been remembered.
o REQUIRED SOURCE--"1848/1898: Memorial Day, Places of Memory, and Imperial
Amnesia" by Amy Greenberg in JSTOR
o REQUIRED SOURCE--"The Annexation of Texas and the Mexican War" by Z.T.
Fulmore in JSTOR
➢ Step Three: Study the information on current Mexican American War exhibits, battlegrounds,
monuments, dedications, etc. I have organized the suggested resources, emphasizing Texas
sites in the highly suggested category.
o Highly Suggested Sources:
▪ Palo Alto Battlegrounds: https://www.nps.gov/paal/learn/historyculture/places.htm
▪ Brazos Veteran’s Park: http://www.bvvm.org/photos/
▪ Mexican American War Exhibit for BVVM: https://www.theeagle.com/news/local/new-
memorial-at-veterans-park-honors-marines-valor-at-the/article_7b08cdbb-5899-5a12-
bdcd-014ebd3514fc.html
▪ Capitol 360 View of Mexican American War acknowledgement:
https://tspb.texas.gov/prop/tc/tc-spaces/spaces09.html
▪ Capitol Monuments: https://tspb.texas.gov/prop/tcg/tcg-monuments/index.html
o Potentially Useful Sources:
https://www.nps.gov/paal/learn/historyculture/places.htm
http://www.bvvm.org/photos/
https://www.theeagle.com/news/local/new-memorial-at-veterans-park-honors-marines-va.
Committees1. To provide for greater transparency in the HU.docxcargillfilberto
Committees
1. To provide for greater transparency in the HUD–VASH supported housing program for homeless
veterans, and for other purposes.
2. Representative Scott H. Peters. House and Senate committees: Energy and Commerce, Ways and
Means, Judiciary, Oversight and Government Reform, Education and the Workforce, Senate Committee,
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, Veterans' Affairs, Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions,
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Energy and Natural Resources.
3. N/A no committee report
4. H.R.7022 — 115th Congress (2017-2018)
Homes for Our Heroes Act of 2018
Sponsor: Representative Scott H. Peters Committees: House - Financial Services, Veterans' Affairs
Committee Reports: N/A
Latest Action: House 10/02/2018: Referred to the Committee on Financial Services, and in addition to
the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each
case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Tracker: introduced
Here are the steps for Status of Legislation:
1. Introduced
Members
1. To authorize the Department of Energy to conduct collaborative research with the Department of
Veterans Affairs in order to improve healthcare services for veterans in the United States, and for other
purposes.
2. Representative Ralph Norman. Both House and senate committees: Judiciary, Ways and Means,
Energy and Commerce, Education and the Workforce, Oversight and Government Reform, Financial
Services, Foreign Affairs, Natural Resources, Rules, Armed Services, Science, Space, and Technology,
Transportation and, Infrastructure, Agriculture, Budget, House Administration, Homeland Security, Small
Business, Veterans' Affairs, Appropriations, Intelligence, Ethics, Senate Committee, Judiciary, Banking,
Housing, and Urban Affairs, Energy and Natural Resources, Homeland Security and Governmental
Affairs, Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, Armed Services, Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
Environment and Public Works, Finance, Foreign Relations, Small Business and Entrepreneurship, and
Veterans' Affairs.
3. The committee’s favorability is to recommend that the bill as amended do pass.
4. H.R.6398 — 115th Congress (2017-2018)
Department of Energy Veterans' Health Initiative Act
Sponsor: Rep. Norman, Ralph [R-SC-5]
Committees: House - Science, Space, and Technology, Veterans' Affairs | Senate - Energy and Natural
Resources
Committee Reports: https://www.congress.gov/congressional-report/115th-congress/house-
report/974/1?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22H.R.6398%22%5D%7D&r=1
Latest Action: Senate - 09/26/2018 Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
Tracker: Passed House.
Here are the steps for Status of Legislation:
1. Introduced
2. Passed House
CLASS EXERCISE #2
THE STATUS OF BILLS IN CONGRESS
Go to: http://thomas.loc.gov/ and become familiar.
Commitment to ProfessionalismCommitment to Professionalism..docxcargillfilberto
Commitment to Professionalism
Commitment to Professionalism.
Due by Day 7
. As leaders in early childhood education we are in the unique position of creating partnerships with the community, organizations, and local government in an effort to promote the needs of the children we are serving. Through a program’s daily operation, we are witnesses to the specific issues that are facing the children, families, and community in which we work. When we highlight and broadcast these issues and advocate for a community’s needs, we are also advocating for increased awareness of the value and professionalism of the field of early childhood education. When we participate in advocating in our field we are further demonstrating that we are professionals that deserve to be valued and respected.
After reading the week’s text, write a reflection in two parts:
Part I
Identify the focus of your advocacy efforts and give an example of an issue you would like to address as an advocate.
Identify one individual or group (local policy maker, state-level legislator, corporate leader, etc.) that you can contact for support of your issue and provide a rationale for choosing this individual/group.
Describe the strategies you would use to gain the support needed for this issue through individual advocacy.
Describe the strategies you would use to attract the support needed for this issue through collective advocacy.
Create two talking points (as discussed in Chapter 13) using one
concrete example
(refer to key term in chapter reading for precise definition) for each point to demonstrate the importance of the issue.
These talking points should be appropriate to use when talking to legislators or the media about the issue for which you are advocating.
Part II
Create a Commitment to the Profession Statement. Remember, this is a draft that will continually be revised and modified as new information is acquired. Address the following:
Describe how you will advocate on behalf of young children, their families, and the profession.
Describe how you will support the development of future practitioners and leaders in the field.
Refer to Figure 13.1 “A Professional Continuum” and describe how your efforts will support the field away from
unskilled workers
and toward
paradigm professionals
.
The Commitment to Professionalism paper
Must be at least two double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the
Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)
.
Must include a separate title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Use the text and two outside sources to support your responses.
The
Scholarly, Peer Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.)
table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific so.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
1. COM 4430 Paper
Topic
You need to:
synthesize, compare and contrast
for your paper:
o Passport China
o Passport France
o Passport Germany
o Passport India
o Passport Israel
o Passport Italy
o Passport Japan
o Passport Korea
o Passport Mexico
o Passport Russia
o Passport Singapore
o Passport South Africa
2. o Passport Spain
o Passport Switzerland
Then, in a 5-7 page paper, compare and contrast the
intercultural communication business
practices of the country you selected. You will be graded on
the content of your answer, the
reasoning/argument you make between the theory and the facts
of the case study as well as
writing (grammar and punctuation).
Use at least 4 academic resources (not used in class).
Include examples of your own when explaining/analysis your
topic.
Submit your paper to Turnitin.com. dropbox in Blackboard.
STRUCTURING YOUR PAPER
A few words about structuring your paper:
A good paper is one that is built around a clear structure, so you
should outline the main points of
your paper before you start writing. It’s easier to overhaul your
3. outline than it is to overhaul a fully
written paper, so spend some time thinking about the structure
of your paper before you launch
into the writing.
Your paper should have:
A clear introduction
A body (in which you flesh out your analysis of rhetoric,
audience, artifact, and
context)
A conclusion (in which you summarize your argument and
findings and “open” the
paper to consideration of broader themes).
WRITING YOUR PAPER
A few words about WRITING your paper:
I require an “introductory paragraph.” It must introduce the
topic, state the main
argument of the paper, set forth the plan by which the paper
4. unfolds, and state the
paper’s conclusion. In brief, after having read the first
paragraph, your reader should
know precisely what the paper is about, its main claims, how it
unfolds, and where it will
end up.
Write the paper in coherent paragraphs. Each paragraph
should flow naturally and
logically from the previous paragraph, and on to the next
paragraph, following a clear
train of analysis.
Good writing is clear writing. Write in simple, declarative
sentences. Use the active
voice.
Feel free to quote from books, articles or experts, but do not
waste space with very
lengthy quotations – briefly paraphrase these passages instead.
A few words about acknowledging and citing sources:
Every time you use somebody else’s ideas or words,
you must acknowledge the
5. source of the information (unless the information is common
knowledge).
You may acknowledge these sources by using footnotes,
endnotes, or in-text notes.
Don’t get hung up on details of citation style: what really
matters is (1) that you cite your sources in
such a way that readers can identify your sources and check
your facts, and (2) that you
use the same citation style throughout the paper. (When
citing Internet sources that do not have printed equivalents,
identify the author,
document title, Internet address, and the date that you retrieved
the document.)
Append a bibliography at the end of the paper, and include all
the sources in APA
style that you used in writing the paper.
Review the student handbook for plagiarism statement and
requirements.
SUBMITTING YOUR PAPER
When you have completed your paper, re-read it for clarity,
grammar, spelling and
6. A few words about submitting your paper:
Your paper must be typed in Word Document in double-space in
a normal font (e.g.,
12-point Times New Roman), number the pages, put your name
and student number on
the title page. Your research paper should have a title other than
“ Research Paper”.
Use at least 4 academic resources (not used in class).
Include examples of your own when explaining/analyzing
your topic.
Submit your paper through Turnitin dropbox (instructions
posted online)
The paper is due on the date posted in your syllabus. No late
submissions will be
accepted.
The FIU University Learning Center is available on both
campuses to support you. They
7. provide personalized attention tailored to your needs in a user-
friendly environment that
includes online support. You can get help writing a paper,
reading more efficiently and
increasing textbook comprehension, or even creating an
individualized learning plan. The
center is located in PC 247 (305-348-2180) on the main campus
and at ACI 160 (305-919-
5927) on the Biscayne Bay campus. Find them online at
http://learningcenter.fiu.edu.
http://learningcenter.fiu.edu./
Citations
South Africa
Mitchell, C. (1998). Passport: South Africa. San Rafael: World
Trade Press.
Singapore
Alexandra, K. (1998). Passport: Singapore. San Rafael: World
Trade Press.
Spain
Novas, H., & Silva, R. (1997). Passport: Spain. San Rafael:
World Trade Press.
Switzerland
8. Micheloud, F. (2001). Passport: Switzerland. San Rafael: World
Trade Press.
Russia
Mitchell, C. (1998). Passport: Russia. San Rafael: World Trade
Press.
Italy
Gioseffi, C. (1997). Passport: Italy. San Rafael: World Trade
Press
Israel
Rosenthal, D. (1997). Passport: Israel. San Rafael: World Trade
Press
Germany
Flamini, R. (1997). Passport: Germany. San Rafael: World
Trade Press
France
Joseph, N. (1997). Passport: France. San Rafael: World Trade
Press
Brazil
Herrington, E. (1998). Passport: Brazil. San Rafael: World
Trade Press
China
9. Li, J. (1996). Passport: China. San Rafael: World Trade Press
Korea
Keating, K. (1998). Passport: Korea. San Rafael: World Trade
Press
27. What Is Governance?
Why Is Governance Important?
What Are Information Systems Security Policies?
Where Do Information Systems Security Policies Fit Within an
Organization?
Why Information Systems Security Policies Are Important
Policies That Support Operational Success
Challenges of Running a Business Without Policies
Dangers of Not Implementing Policies
Dangers of Implementing the Wrong Policies
When Do You Need Information Systems Security Policies?
Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
Continuous Improvement
Making Changes in Response to Problems
Why Enforcing and Winning Acceptance for Policies Is
Challenging
CHAPTER SUMMARY
https://www.safaribooksonline.com/library/view/security-
policies-and/9781284055993/09_ch1.xhtml#sec_21
https://www.safaribooksonline.com/library/view/security-
30. Protect Digital Assets
Secure Privacy of Data
Lower Risk Exposure
Minimizing Liability of the Organization
Separation Between Employer and Employee
Acceptable Use Policies
Confidentiality Agreement and Nondisclosure Agreement
Business Liability Insurance Policies
Implementing Policies to Drive Operational Consistency
Forcing Repeatable Business Processes Across the Entire
Organization
Differences Between Mitigating and Compensating Controls
Policies Help Prevent Operational Deviation
CHAPTER SUMMARY
KEY CONCEPTS AND TERMS
CHAPTER 2 ASSESSMENT
https://www.safaribooksonline.com/library/view/security-
policies-and/9781284055993/10_ch2.xhtml#sec_46
https://www.safaribooksonline.com/library/view/security-
policies-and/9781284055993/10_ch2.xhtml#sec_45
33. Some Important Industry Standards
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS)
Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements No. 16
(SSAE16)
Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL)
CHAPTER SUMMARY
KEY CONCEPTS AND TERMS
CHAPTER 3 ASSESSMENT
ENDNOTES
CHAPTER 4 Business Challenges Within the
Seven Domains of IT Responsibility
The Seven Domains of a Typical IT Infrastructure
User Domain
Workstation Domain
LAN Domain
LAN-to-WAN Domain
WAN Domain
Remote Access Domain
https://www.safaribooksonline.com/library/view/security-
36. CHAPTER SUMMARY
KEY CONCEPTS AND TERMS
CHAPTER 4 ASSESSMENT
CHAPTER 5 Information Security Policy
Implementation Issues
Human Nature in the Workplace
Basic Elements of Motivation
Personality Types of Employees
Leadership, Values, and Ethics
Organizational Structure
Flat Organizations
Hierarchical Organizations
The Challenge of User Apathy
The Importance of Executive Management Support
Selling Information Security Policies to an Executive
Before, During, and After Policy Implementation
The Role of Human Resources Policies
Relationship Between HR and Security Policies
39. Tying Security Policy to Performance and Accountability
CHAPTER SUMMARY
KEY CONCEPTS AND TERMS
CHAPTER 5 ASSESSMENT
ENDNOTE
PART TWO Types of Policies and Appropriate
Frameworks
CHAPTER 6 IT Security Policy Frameworks
What Is an IT Policy Framework?
What Is a Program Framework Policy or Charter?
Industry-Standard Policy Frameworks
What Is a Policy?
What Are Standards?
What Are Procedures?
What Are Guidelines?
Business Considerations for the Framework
Roles for Policy and Standards Development and Compliance
Information Assurance Considerations
Confidentiality
42. Case Studies in Policy Framework Development
Private Sector Case Study
Public Sector Case Study
Private Sector Case Study
CHAPTER SUMMARY
KEY CONCEPTS AND TERMS
CHAPTER 6 ASSESSMENT
CHAPTER 7 How to Design, Organize,
Implement, and Maintain IT Security Policies
Policies and Standards Design Considerations
Architecture Operating Model
Principles for Policy and Standards Development
The Importance of Transparency with Regard to Customer Data
Types of Controls for Policies and Standards
Document Organization Considerations
Sample Templates
Considerations for Implementing Policies and Standards
Building Consensus on Intent
45. Private Sector Case Study
Public Sector Case Study
CHAPTER SUMMARY
KEY CONCEPTS AND TERMS
CHAPTER 7 ASSESSMENT
CHAPTER 8 IT Security Policy Framework
Approaches
IT Security Policy Framework Approaches
Risk Management and Compliance Approach
The Physical Domains of IT Responsibility Approach
Roles, Responsibilities, and Accountability for Personnel
The Seven Domains of a Typical IT Infrastructure
Organizational Structure
Organizational Culture
Separation of Duties
Layered Security Approach
Domain of Responsibility and Accountability
Governance and Compliance
48. KEY CONCEPTS AND TERMS
CHAPTER 8 ASSESSMENT
ENDNOTE
CHAPTER 9 User Domain Policies
The Weakest Link in the Information Security Chain
Social Engineering
Human Mistakes
Insiders
Seven Types of Users
Employees
Systems Administrators
Security Personnel
Contractors
Vendors
Guests and General Public
Control Partners
Contingent
https://www.safaribooksonline.com/library/view/security-
51. Unauthorized Access to Defense Department Systems
CHAPTER SUMMARY
KEY CONCEPTS AND TERMS
CHAPTER 9 ASSESSMENT
CHAPTER 10 IT Infrastructure …
Intercultural Business
Communication
S i x t h E d i t i o n
Lillian H. Chaney
The University of Memphis
Jeanette S. Martin
The University of Mississippi
Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper
Saddle River
Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich
Paris Montréal Toronto
Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul
Singapore Taipei Tokyo
52. Editor in Chief: Stephanie Wall
Acquisitions Editor: Sarah McCabe
Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora
Editorial Project Manager: Karin Williams
Editorial Assistant: Ashlee Bradbury
Director of Marketing: Maggie Moylan
Marketing Assistant: Kim Lovato
Production Manager: Tom Benfatti
Creative Director: Jayne Conte
Cover Designer: Susanne Duda
Full Service Project Management: Moganambigai
Sundaramurthy/Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd.
Composition: Integra Software Services, Ltd.
Text Font: 10/12, Times LT Std
Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and
reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the
appropriate page within text.
Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to
distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where
those
designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of
a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial
caps or all caps.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Chaney, Lillian H.
Intercultural business communication/LILLIAN H. CHANeY,
The University of Memphis,
JeANeTTe S. MARTIN, The University of Mississippi.––
SIXTH eDITION.
p. cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-297127-0 (alk. paper)
54. Preface xiii
About the Authors xiv
Chapter 1 The Nature of Intercultural Communication 1
Chapter 2 Universal Systems 21
Chapter 3 Contrasting Cultural Values 51
Chapter 4 Cultural Shock 73
Chapter 5 Language 92
Chapter 6 Oral and Nonverbal Communication Patterns 116
Chapter 7 Written Communication Patterns 142
Chapter 8 Global Etiquette 164
Chapter 9 Business and Social Customs 187
Chapter 10 Intercultural Negotiation Process 210
Chapter 11 Intercultural Negotiation Components 237
Chapter 12 Laws Affecting International Business and Travel
267
Appendix A: Glossary 289
Appendix B: Answers to Exercises 296
Index 298
55. This page intentionally left blank
vv
ConTEnTS
New to the Sixth Edition xi
Foreword xii
Preface xiii
About the Authors xiv
Chapter 1 The NaTure of INTerCulTural CommuNICaTIoN 1
Globalization, Glocalization, and Grobalization 3
Culture 5
Enculturation 8
Acculturation 9
Ethnocentrism 9
Norms, Rules, Roles, and Networks 10
Subcultures and Subgroups 10
Cultural Intelligence 11
Communication Barriers 12
56. Intercultural Constructs 12
Global Mindsets 13
Multinational Management Orientations 14
Terms 17
Exercise 1.1 17
Questions and Cases for Discussion 18
Cases 18
Activities 19
References 19
Chapter 2 uNIversal sysTems 21
Economic Systems 21
Political Systems 27
World Economics 30
Educational Systems 32
Marriage and Family Systems 37
Social Hierarchies and Interaction 42
Terms 47
Exercise 2.1 47
Exercise 2.2 47
57. Questions and Cases for Discussion 48
vi Contents
Cases 48
Activities 49
References 49
Chapter 3 CoNTrasTINg CulTural values 51
Values 51
Semantic Differences 54
Attribution and Perception 55
Attitudes Toward Women 56
Work Attitudes 58
Attitudes Toward Ethics 60
Religious Influences 62
Individualism and Collectivism 64
Terms 69
Exercise 3.1 69
Questions and Cases for Discussion 70
58. Cases 70
Activities 71
References 71
Chapter 4 CulTural shoCk 73
Stages of Cultural Shock 76
Alleviating Cultural Shock 78
Aspects of Cultural Shock 83
Relationships and Family Considerations 85
Public and Private Self 85
Terms 87
Exercise 4.1 87
Exercise 4.2 88
Questions and Cases for Discussion 88
Cases 89
Activities 90
References 90
Chapter 5 laNguage 92
High- and Low-Context Language 94
Language Diversity 94
59. The Language of Numbers 95
Informal and Alternative Languages 96
Contents vii
Forms of Verbal Interaction 97
Linear and Nonlinear Language 98
Vocabulary Equivalence 99
Parables and Proverbs 100
Conversation Taboos 101
Nature of Language 103
Translation Problems 104
Interpreter Use 105
Host Language 107
Thought 108
Language and Culture Interaction 110
Terms 112
Exercise 5.1 112
Questions and Cases for Discussion 112
61. Exercise 6.2 138
Questions and Cases for Discussion 138
Cases 139
Activities 140
References 140
viii Contents
Chapter 7 WrITTeN CommuNICaTIoN PaTTerNs 142
International English 142
Writing Tone and Style 144
Letter Formats 146
Facsimiles (Fax) 154
Electronic Mail (E-Mail) 154
Résumé and Job Search Information 156
Terms 160
Exercise 7.1 160
Questions and Cases for Discussion 161
Cases 161
Activities 162
62. References 163
Chapter 8 global eTIqueTTe 164
Introductions, Greetings, and Handshakes 165
Business Card Exchange 167
Position and Status 168
Electronic Communication Etiquette 170
Dining Practices 171
Tipping 173
Gift Giving 174
Travel Etiquette 177
Terms 183
Exercise 8.1 183
Questions and Cases for Discussion 183
Cases 183
Activities 184
References 185
Chapter 9 busINess aNd soCIal CusToms 187
Verbal Expressions 188
Male/Female Relationships and Workplace Equality 190
63. Humor in Business 191
Superstitions and Taboos 192
Dress and Appearance 193
Customs Associated with Holidays and Holy Days 195
Office Customs and Practices 199
Customary Demeanor/Behavior 200
Contents ix
Bribery 201
Special Foods and Consumption Taboos 202
Terms 206
Exercise 9.1 206
Questions and Cases for Discussion 206
Cases 207
Activities 207
References 208
Chapter 10 INTerCulTural NegoTIaTIoN ProCess 210
Steps in the Negotiation Process 211
64. Mistakes Commonly Made During Negotiations 214
Intercultural Negotiation Models 215
Negotiation Strategies 218
Trade Agreements 222
Negotiation Styles 226
Terms 232
Exercise 10.1 232
Questions and Cases for Discussion 233
Cases 233
Activities 234
References 235
Chapter 11 INTerCulTural NegoTIaTIoN ComPoNeNTs 237
Cross-Cultural Negotiation Components 237
Stereotypes That Affect Intercultural Negotiations 246
Comparative Negotiation Styles 246
Characteristics of Effective Negotiators 246
Importance of Protocol in Intercultural Negotiations 248
Group versus Individual Orientation 250
Face-to-Face Strategies 251
65. Role of the Media 251
Personal Constructs 252
Terms 258
Exercise 11.1 258
Questions and Cases for Discussion 259
Cases 259
Activities 260
References 265
x Contents
Chapter 12 laWs affeCTINg INTerNaTIoNal busINess
aNd Travel 267
Home-Country and Host-Country Laws 268
International Law 270
Contracts 271
Global Patents 273
Nonwritten Law 274
Ethics and the Law 274
International Travel and Law 276
66. Country-Specific Travel Tips 278
Terms 285
Exercise 12.1 285
Exercise 12.2 286
Questions and Cases for Discussion 286
Cases 286
Activities 287
References 288
Appendix A: Glossary 289
Appendix B: Answers to Exercises 296
Index 298
xixi
nEw To ThE SIxTh EDITIon!
• Updating of all information presented in the
fifth edition to reflect changes that have taken
place
in the various countries identified. More recent editions of
books cited in the fifth edition are used,
as well as recent journal articles.
67. • Expansion of country-specific information in
all chapters so that students have a broader
knowledge
of life in specific cultures. emphasis is on the top 10 countries
with which the United States conducts
the majority of its international trade. Since the fifth edition,
Brazil and Singapore replaced France
and Taiwan in the top 10 countries.
• Addition of sidebars and activities to selected
chapters.
• Addition of section on objects, signs, and
symbols to chapter 6.
• Expanded coverage of ethics in chapter 3
and of gender/women’s issues in chapters 8
and 11.
• Addition of test questions to Instructor’s
Manual, as well as a suggested course
syllabus for offering
a course in International Business Communication during a
summer session.
xiixii
ForEworD
With the globalization of the world economy, it is imperative
that managers, both present and future, be
sensitive to differences in intercultural communication.
Professors Lillian H. Chaney and Jeanette S. Martin
have done an admirable job in addressing a broad range of
issues and skills that are crucial to effective
intercultural encounters. In the book, the most significant issues
68. pertaining to cross-cultural interaction are
covered: culture, intercultural (both verbal and nonverbal)
communication, and cultural shock. In addition,
the book contains practical guidelines and information on how
to conduct negotiations across countries and
writebusiness letters in different societies as well as
othergeneral do’s and don’ts in international
business.
College students and businesspeople new to the international
business scene can certainly benefit from such
practical advice.
This book can also sensitize readers to the dynamics of
international diversity. With the increasing
multiethnic composition of the North American labor force and
the growing participation of women in
the professional and managerial ranks of organizations, it is
equally important that students, the managers
of the future, be attuned to the issues associated with managing
and valuing diversity within a domestic
context. The book addresses the issues of gender differences
and how these impact on communication
styles and patterns.
While recognizing the significant differences that can exist
across cultures and subcultures, it is
important to acknowledge the existence of individual
differences within any given society. Just as it
is naive to assume that all cultures are similar, it is equally
fallacious to fall into the trap of “cultural
stereotyping.” To quote Lao Tzu, the famous Chinese
philosopher who is usually considered to be the
spiritual leader of Taoism, “The one becomes the many.”
Although people in a given society may share
certain common values and characteristics, there can be
important differences in how these are applied
69. and exhibited in specific situations. In addition, these
intranational differences can be exacerbated by
religious influences, exposure to Western philosophies and
ideas through education at universities abroad,
overseas travel, and social and business contacts with peoples
from other cultures. Furthermore, it is sig-
nificant to note that cultural values and norms do evolve over
time, however slowly. Some of the cultural
characteristics alluded to in this book may be changing or have
changed. A cursory review of the dramatic
upheavals that have taken and are still taking place in virtually
all aspects of societal and organizational
functionings in many socialist and former socialist countries
will attest to the fact that culture is not static;
rather, it evolves over time.
Judicious application of the principles and techniques
introduced in this book will enable readers
to develop a proficiency in managing diversity, both cross-
nationally and internationally.
Rosalie L. Tung
The Ming and Stella Wong Professor of International
Business Simon Fraser University Canada
xiiixiii
PrEFACE
PurPose
With the increasing number of intercultural corporations and the
internationalization of the economy,
70. intercultural business communication continues to become more
important. Government leaders,
educators, and businesspersons agree that internationalizing the
curriculum is important to maintaining
the competitive position of the United States in the world
economy. Since all international activity
involves communication, students need knowledge of
intercultural business communication to prepare
them for upward mobility and promotionin tomorrow’s
culturally diverse domestic and international
environments.
Contents
Topics selected for Intercultural Business Communication were
those considered important or essential
by three Delphi panels of experts: international employees of
multinational corporations, college profes-
sors who teach intercultural communication, and members of
the Academy of International Business.1
We know of no otherbook on intercultural
communication that has used research involving
experts’
perceptions of the importance of topics to be covered as a basis
of content selection.
The topics include the following:
• The nature of intercultural communication
• Universal systems
• Contrasting cultural values
• Cultural shock
• Language
• Oraland nonverbal communication patterns
• Written communication patterns
• Global etiquette
71. • Business and social customs
• Intercultural negotiation process
• Intercultural negotiation components
• Laws affecting international business and travel
each chapter contains objectives, terms, questions and cases for
discussion, and activities. Also
provided are exercises to be used for self-evaluation of material
covered and illustrations to depict various
aspects of the content.
Both authors have traveled or worked in a number of countries
or multinational corporations and,
therefore, have firsthand knowledge of many of the topics
covered.
1Martin, J. S. (1991). “Experts’ Consensus
Concerning the Content for an Intercultural
Business Communication Course.”
Doctoral diss., The University of Memphis. Major professor, L.
H. Chaney.
xivxiv
ABouT ThE AuThorS
Lillian h. Chaney is a Professor of Management emeritus at The
University of Memphis. She received
both the M.S. and the ed.D. from the University of Tennessee.
She is coauthor of textbooks on busi-
ness communication and office management and has published
numerous articles on these topics in
professional journals. Dr. Chaney has teaching experience at a
South American university and has con-
72. ducted training programs on communication, corporate and
global etiquette, and business ethics for
international companies, educational institutions, and
government agencies. Dr. Chaney is coauthor,
with Jeanette S. Martin, of Global Business Etiquette, 2nd ed.
(Praeger, 2012), Passport to Success
(Praeger, 2009), and The Essential Guide to Business Etiquette
(Praeger, 2007).
Jeanette S. Martin is a Professor at the University of
Mississippi. She received her B.A. from Michigan
State University, M.B.A. from the University of Chicago, and
her ed.D. from The University of Memphis. In
addition to her extensive travel experiences, she has
considerable corporate experience in both United States
and foreign multinational corporations. Dr. Martin is coauthor
of a textbook on managerial communication
and has published several articles on intercultural business
communication, education, and management
information systems. She is coauthor, with Lillian H. Chaney,
of Global Business Etiquette, 2nd ed. ( Praeger,
2012), Passport to Success (Praeger, 2009), and The Essential
Guide to Business Etiquette (Praeger, 2007).
1
The Nature of Intercultural
Communication
C h a p t e r
1
Objectives
73. Upon completion of this chapter, you will
■ understand such terms as intercultural, international,
intracultural, multicultural, and
ethnocentric.
■ recognize how communication barriers affect intercultural
communication.
■ understand the differences between norms, rules, roles, and
networks.
■ distinguish between subcultures and subgroups.
■ understand the concepts of business globalization,
glocalization, and grobalization.
■ differentiate between ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric,
and geocentric management
orientations.
The number of North Americans who work for foreign
employers and the number of for-eign companies who have built
plants in the United States are increasing. Evidence that the
world is becoming more cosmopolitan can be seen in the
number of international
businesses, such as Coca-Cola, McDonald’s, Sony, and Honda,
which are common around the
world. The new economic bonanza is apparent in the universal
appreciation of food such as
sushi, fashion such as jeans, and music such as U.S. jazz and
rock. Because of the global boom,
more and more business will involve international activities,
which require the ability to com-
municate across cultures.
74. Because communication is an element of culture, it has often
been said that communication
and culture are inseparable. As Alfred G. Smith (1966) wrote in
his preface to Communication
and Culture, “Culture is a code we learn and share, and learning
and sharing require com-
munication. Communication requires coding and symbols that
must be learned and shared.”
Godwin C. Chu (1977) observed that every cultural pattern and
every single act of social
2 Chapter 1 • The Nature of Intercultural
Communication
behavior involves communication. To be understood, the two
must be studied together.
Culture cannot be known with a study of communication, and
communication can only be
understood with an understanding of the culture it supports.
To gain a better understanding of the field of intercultural
communication, knowledge of
frequently used terms is important. Such terms as intercultural,
international, and multicultural
are often used interchangeably; however, certain distinctions
should be made.
Edward T. Hall first used the term intercultural communication
in 1959. Hall was one of
the first researchers to differentiate cultures on the basis of how
communications are sent and
received. Hall defined intercultural communication as
communication between persons of dif-
75. ferent cultures.
Intercultural business communication is a relatively new term in
the business world and
is defined as communication within and between businesses that
involves people from more than
one culture. Although we generally think of the United States as
one culture, a great deal of cultural
diversity exists. For example, between the 2000 and 2010
census, the Hispanic population increased
43%. Hispanics are currently 16% of the U.S. population,
Whites are 64%, African Americans
14%,Asians 5%, American Indians and Alaskan Natives
0.9%, Native Hawaiians and otherPacific
Islanders 0.2%, and others 0.9%. The Asian
and Latin American populations grew as
expected dur-
ing the last decade. Many U.S. citizens communicate
interculturally almost daily because communi-
cation occurs between people of different cultural backgrounds
(U.S. Census Bureau News, 2011).
Susumu Yoshida, Managing Director of Sumitomo
Chemical Asia Pte Ltd., in his address
to a group of international business executives in Kyoto, Japan,
June 19, 2002, said: “We
are on the threshold of globalization. The world economy is
‘borderless’ and markets are
becoming essentially one. Corporations are looking at the free
flow of goods and services,
capital, and human resources, as well as information, as the
pathway to growth. Hence, the
corporate strategy of going global is no longer a choice but
rather a ‘must’ for survival. . . .
A lack of effective intercultural communication skills often
causes misunderstandings. This
76. leads to irritation and even distrust between the parties
concerned. More often than not, prob-
lems arise from differences in communication styles.” (Yoshida,
2002, pp. 708, 710).
Global business communication is becoming a common term to
replace international
or intercultural business communication when speaking of
communication between businesses
from different countries. This is due in part to the fact that
international is assumed to be on a
government level rather than on a secular level.
In addition, intercultural can take place within
a country between people of different cultural backgrounds and
not necessarily between people
from different countries. The term global business
communication describes the process more
accurately(Association for Business Communication
Conference Panel, 2010).
As contact occurs between cultures, diffusion takes place.
Diffusion is the process by
which the two cultures learn and adapt materials and adopt
practices from each other. This
practice is exemplified by how Columbus joined the Old and
New Worlds. The Old World
gave the New World horses, cows, sheep, chickens, honeybees,
coffee, wheat, cabbage, lettuce,
bananas, olives, tulips, and daisies. The New World gave the
Old World turkeys, sugarcane,
corn, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, pumpkins, pineapples, petunias,
poinsettias, and daily baths.
With the increased globalization of the economy and interaction
of different cultures, the con-
cept of a world culture has emerged. A world culture is the idea
77. that as traditional barriers
among people of differing cultures break down, emphasizing the
commonality of human needs,
Chapter 1 • The Nature of Intercultural
Communication 3
one culture will emerge, a new culture to which all people will
adhere. So why study intercul-
tural business communication? Because it addresses procedural,
substantive, and informational
global problems, intercultural business communication allows
you to work on the procedural
issues of country-to-country contacts, diplomacy, and legal
contexts. You can then become
involved with the substantive, cultural level and become
sensitized to differences. You can also
gather information to make decisions when you are in an
intercultural environment. The United
States continues to welcome a large number of immigrants each
year and has been referred to
as a melting-pot society. Melting pot means a sociocultural
assimilation of people of differing
backgrounds and nationalities; the term implies losing ethnic
differences and forming one large
society or macroculture. Although the idea of everyone’s being
the same may sound ideal, the
problem with this concept is that many U.S. citizens want to
maintain their ethnic-cultural heri-
tage. Rather than being one melting-pot society, therefore, the
reality is that many U.S. cities are
made up of neighborhoods of people with a common heritage
who strive to retain their original
culture and language. In San Francisco, a visit to
78. Chinatown with its signsin Chinese and people
speaking Chinese verifies this reality. Many street signs in other
U.S. cities, such as New York,
Miami, and Honolulu, are in another language in addition to
English. The result has not been the
melding of various cultures into one cultural group as idealists
believed would happen. Because
cultures exist within cultures (microcultures), communication
problems oftenresult. In reality,
the United States is a salad bowl of cultures rather than a
melting pot. Although some choose
assimilation, others choose separation. Thus, the assumption
that America is a cultural melting
pot, which assumes assimilation, is no longer valid
(“Differences,” 1996).
Intracultural communication is defined as communication
between and among members
of the same culture. Generally, people who are of the same race,
political persuasion, and reli-
gion or who share the same interests communicate
intraculturally. Having the same beliefs, val-
ues, and constructs facilitates communication and defines a
particular culture (Lustig & Koester,
1998). However, because of distance, cultural differences may
exist within a culture, such as
differences in the pace of life and regional speech patterns
between residents of New York City
and Jackson, Mississippi. Distance is also a factor in the
differences in the dialects of the people
of other cultures, such as in northern and southern Japan.
The terms intercultural communication and international
communication should not be
used interchangeably. Intercultural communication, as
79. stated previously, involves communica-
tion between people of different cultures. International
communication takes place between
nations and governments rather than individuals; it is formal
and ritualized. The dialogue at the
United Nations, for example, is international communication.
Because all international business activity involves
communication, knowledge of intercultural
communication and international business communication is
important to prepare you to compete
successfully in international environments. In fact,
upward mobility and promotionin tomorrow’s
corporate world may depend on your knowledge of intercultural
business communication.
Globalization, Glocalization, and Grobalization
Globalization
Although globalization has come to the world, most of the
world’s businesses are not globalized.
Business globalization is the spread of ways of life across the
world both socially and in business
(Ritzer, 2003). International firms have subsidiaries
or components in othercountries; however,
control of the foreign operations is maintained at the home-
country headquarters. Multinational
firms allow their foreign operations to exist as domestic
organizations. Most firms are global, either
4 Chapter 1 • The Nature of Intercultural
Communication
80. sourcing, producing, or exporting. Many times, the product may
also be partially or completely
manufactured somewhere otherthan the United States.
In the past, someU.S. corporations have
been largely insulated from globalization because of a strong
domestic market and an absence of
foreign competitors. However, this trend is changing as foreign
corporations enter the U.S. market.
The personnel of an organization must have a global mindset for
the firm to succeed in the
international marketplace. Evans, Doz, and Laurent
(1990) found that successfulmultinational
corporations do not submerge the individuality of different
cultures completely in the corporate
culture, that intercultural contact can promote a determination
not to adjust to other cultures, and
that new management theory and practice can be presented only
to individuals who are cultur-
ally able and willing to accept it. Rhinesmith (1996) states,
“The corporate culture contains the
values, norms of behavior, systems, policies, and procedures
through which the organization
adapts to the complexity of the global arena” (p. 14). Successful
corporations have found that the
values, beliefs, and behaviors of the parent corporation do not
need to be the beliefs, values, and
behaviors of the offices in othercultures. Hofstede’s
(2004) study of IBM determined that man-
agers had to adjust the corporate management philosophy to fit
the beliefs, values, and behav-
iors of the country in which they were working. Companies with
franchises abroad have had to
make certain adjustments to accommodate the tastes and
preferences of individual countries;
for example, Tex-Mex cuisine is prepared kosher in
81. Israel. According to Rhinesmith (1996),
“Diversity—both domestic and international—will be the engine
that drives the creative energy
of the corporation of the twenty-first century. Successful global
managers will be those who
are able to manage this diversity for the innovative and
competitive edge of their corporations”
(p. 5). Evans, Doz, and Laurent (1990) state that
the five elements critical to building a suc-
cessful corporate culture are (1) a clear and simple mission
statement, (2) the vision of the chief
executive officer, (3) company-controlled management
education, (4) project-oriented manage-
ment training programs, and (5) emphasis on the processes of
global corporate culture (p. 118).
Lopez-Vasquez, director of multicultural affairs at
the Oregon Health Sciences University and
a consultantwith IEC Enterprises, Decatur, Georgia,
believes that well-meaning managers
who become supervisors of Hispanic workers often make the
mistake of attempting to adopt a
“color-blind” approach. “The cultural disparities are obvious,”
he says.
Lopez-Vasquezargues for what he calls “essential
treatment” for Hispanic employees.
“I suggest that companies recognize that today
it’s essential to take stepsto recruit and retain
Hispanics, because Hispanics in the United States represent a
fast-growing market and because
Central and South …
Essay/Paper Rubric 70
Essay/Paper Rubric 70 points
82. Criteria
Ratings
Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeContent
30.0 pts
Excellent
The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the course
material by thoroughly and correctly: (1) addressing the
relevant content; (2) identifying and explaining all of the key
concepts/ideas; (3) using correct terminology; (4) explaining the
reasoning behind key points/claims; and (5) (where necessary or
useful) substantiating points with several accurate and original
examples.
22.5 pts
Good
The essay illustrates solid understanding of the course material
by correctly: (1) addressing most of the relevant content; (2)
identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; (3)
using correct terminology; (4) explaining the reasoning behind
most of the key points/claims; and (5) (where necessary or
useful) substantiating some points with accurate examples.
15.0 pts
Acceptable
The essay illustrates rudimentary understanding of the course
material by: (1) mentioning, but not fully explaining, the
relevant content; (2) identifying some of the key concepts/ideas
(though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them); (3)
using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or
inappropriately; and (4) incorporating some key claims/points,
but failing to explain the reasoning behind them (or doing so
inaccurately).
7.5 pts
Unacceptable
The essay illustrates poor understanding of the course material
by (1) failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant
content; (2) failing to identify or inaccurately
83. explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; (3) ignoring or
incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning
behind them; and (4) incorrectly or inappropriately using
terminology.
30.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeReasoning
30.0 pts
Excellent
The essay reflects expert reasoning by: (1) synthesizing
material; (2) making connections between relevant
ideas/claims/points; (3) presenting an insightful and thorough
evaluation of the relevant issue or problem; (4) identifying and
discussing important nuances in the relevant material; and (5)
identifying and discussing key assumptions and/or implications.
22.5 pts
Good
The essay reflects fairly strong reasoning by: (1) synthesizing
material, (2) making appropriate connections between some of
the key ideas/claims/points; (3) accurately evaluating the
issue/problem; and (4) identifying ad discussing key
assumptions and/or implications.
15.0 pts
Acceptable
The essay reflects basic reasoning by: (1) synthesizing some of
the material, though remains vague and undeveloped; (2)
making a few connections between ideas/claims/points, but
ignoring or inaccurately connecting others; (3) evaluating the
issue/problem at a very basic/superficial level; and (4) ignoring
assumptions and implications.
7.5 pts
Unacceptable
The essay reflects substandard or poor reasoning by: (1) failing
to synthesize the material or doing so inaccurately; (2) failing
to make connections between ideas/claims/points or doing so
inaccurately; and (3) failing to evaluate the issue or problem.
84. 30.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWriting Grammar
and Mechanics
10.0 pts
Excellent
The essay is clear, and concise as a result of: (1) appropriate
and precise use of terminology; (2) absence of tangents and
coherence of thoughts; and (3) logical organization of ideas and
thoughts. (4) complete sentences, free of spelling errors and
uses correct grammar, (5) follows correct formatting style, (6)
falls between the minimum and maximum page requirement.
7.0 pts
Good
The essay is mostly clear as a result of: (1) appropriate use of
terminology and minimal vagueness; (2) minimal number of
tangents and lack of repetition; and (3) fairly good organization
(4) complete sentences, few spelling errors and grammar
mistakes, (5) follows correct formatting style with minimal
mistakes, (6) falls between the minimum and maximum page
requirement.
5.0 pts
Acceptable
The essay is often unclear and difficult to follow due to: (1)
some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; (2)
ideas sometimes being fragmented, wondering and/or repetitive;
and (3) poor organization. (4) incomplete sentences, has
spelling errors and uses acceptable grammar, (5) barely follows
correct formatting style, (6) does not fall between the minimum
and maximum page requirement.
0.0 pts
Unacceptable
The essay does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to: (1)
inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; (2)
reliance on disjointed and incomprehensible thoughts and
clauses; and (3) lack of recognizable organization. (4) no
85. sentence structure, many spelling errors and unacceptable
grammar, (5) does not follow correct formatting style, (6) does
not fall between the minimum and maximum page requirement.
10.0 pts
Total Points: 70.0