LOA2018, Licenses and Open Access, the event arranged by the National Library of Sweden June 1st, 2018

1. Open Access: the final frontier
LOA 2018 - Stockholm
1 June 2018
Colleen Campbell
OA2020 Partner Development, Max Planck Digital Library
@ColleenCampbe11
Our mission: to go boldly where no library has gone before
@oa2020ini

2. 1. From the big bang to open access
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3. 2
2003: An Open Access Odyssey

4. @oa2020ini
Libraries and
consortia
Scholars as
authors,
editors,
reviewers
New OA
publishers
3
What is holding back the large-scale shift to OA?
Porter’s Five Forces applied to the scholarly publishing industry
Industry
rivalry
Bargaining
power of
buyers
Bargaining
power of
suppliers
Threat of
new entrants
Traditional
commercial
publishers
Repositories,
pre-print
servers,
academic social
networks
Threat of
substitutes
Björk, B-C. (2017) Scholarly journal publishing in transition:
from restricted to open access. DOI: 10.1007/s12525-017-0249-2

5. @oa2020ini
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A financial cataclysm in scholarly communications
$5,000 per article via
subscriptions
We, librarians, are accountable for managing the strategic interests
of our institutions, with the funds entrusted to us.
We must ask ourselves: is this the best value for our investment?

6. 2. The evolution of content licensing
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7. @oa2020ini
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The evolution of content licensing
Establish consortia
agreements and
transform them to
e-only
1998 - 2004
Getting more bang
for our buck:
If cost cannot be
avoided, let’s get
more content
2005-2010
Optimize the cost
structure:
reduce costs,
optimize access
wherever possible
2011-ongoing
Transform the
subscription
system:
integrate OA
into publisher
agreements,
partner with OA
gold publishers and
initiatives
(launch of OA2020)
2015-ongoing 2018-ongoing …
Expand library
services to open
access and beyond!

8. 3. In the beginning subscriptions were created.
“This had made many people very angry
and has been widely regarded as a bad move.”
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Adams, D. The Restaurant at the End of the Universe, 1980

9. @oa2020ini
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The dark side of the subscription system
Paywall regime
 excessive costs and
outrageous price increases
 restrictive copyright
 budgets monopolized by big
deals with pricing still based
on print legacy
 utterly outdated system,
prohibiting digital research
 roadblock to innovation and
new development
 breeding piracy

10. @oa2020ini
 excessive costs and
outrageous price increases
 restrictive copyright
 budgets monopolized by big
deals with pricing still based
on print legacy
 utterly outdated system,
prohibiting digital research
 roadblock to innovation and
new development
 breeding piracy
9
Bright side of open access
Paywall regime
 sustainable economic models,
transparency and competition
 free (re)usage rights
 money free to float where
needed, costs based on
service levels
 open system, responding to the
need of the 21st century
 fundamental principle to enable
the richness of Open Science
 enabling true academic social
networks
The question is: how do we get there?
Open Access

11. @oa2020ini
$10bn
cash flow
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Key drivers in the two spheres
Subscription system
STM Publisher dominated
Open Ecosystem
Community driven

12. @oa2020ini
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Challenge 1:
Need for cost monitoring and control
Subscription system
STM Publisher dominated
Open Access
Monetizing OA opportunities
Elsevier 2016:
“2nd largest OA
publisher”Massive
additional
uncontrolled
cash flow
$10bn
cash flow
Open Access as currently supported comes with increasing costs for institutions
and increased revenues for publishers

13. @oa2020ini
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Challenge 2:
Money needs to follow researchers
Subscription system Open Access
• The Editorial Board steps down and takes editorial credibility to the new journal
• Leaving a ‘zombie journal’ behind
• But the money does not follow (still locked in big deals with Elsevier)

14. @oa2020ini
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We need a comprehensive transformation strategy
Subscription system Open Ecosystem
OA2020 addresses the subscription system head-on
• enables diversity by liberating funds from subscriptions
• aligns with other approaches
• grants a framework and global leverage to transition money to OA
$10bn
cash flow

15. @oa2020ini
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Transformative agreements propel the shift
Paywall regime Open Access
Licensing and open access are two sides of the same “moon” and
enable a shift in financial support of paywalls to open access
$10bn
cash flow

16. 5. OA2020 boosting the transition to OA
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17. @oa2020ini
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EXPRESSION OF INTEREST
 Transform a majority of today’s scholarly journals from
subscription to OA publishing in accordance with
community-specific publication preferences.
 Pursue this transformation process by converting
resources currently spent on
journal subscriptions into funds
to support sustainable
OA business models.
OA2020 Guiding principles

18. @oa2020ini
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OA2020
A global alliance to meet publishers at eye level

19. @oa2020ini
Partners committed to the principles of OA2020
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107 signatories to date

20. @oa2020ini
Building capacity for transformation
https://oa2020.org

21. @oa2020ini
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Individual roadmaps driving the transition

22. @oa2020ini
Growing readiness for transformation
EUA Big DEAL Survey Report

23. @oa2020ini
Increasing impact through international alignment
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https://www.hrk.de/press/press-releases/press-release/meldung/european-high-level-summit-meeting-on-open-access-negotiations-4364/
“Aligning strategies to
increase our leverage”
Theme for the upcoming
14th Berlin Conference on
Open Access, designated as
an OA2020 Initiative
Transformation Strategy
Meeting.
3-4 December 2018

24. @oa2020ini
Transformative
agreements are
complicated and not
without risk, but they
are forging a new
territory and have
already brought
benefits.
One small step for…

25. @oa2020ini
…one giant leap for humankind
Through our
concerted action
we can irreversibly
shift the publishing
paradigm and create a
new landscape with
diverse initiatives
and business
models.

26. 5. Exploring new frontiers
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27. @oa2020ini
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Going boldly where no library has gone before
Let's not spend expensive resources
on bringing people who have reached Mars
back again. Prepare them to become a growing colony.
- Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin, US Astronaut

28. @oa2020ini
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Open Access: the (final) next frontier
Without the gravity of paywalls
to hold us down, we will be able
to truly innovate, bringing value with
new services that are wanted and needed in the 21st century.
2018-ongoing …

29. @oa2020ini
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Tack!
Colleen Campbell, OA2020 Partner Development
Max Planck Digital Library
campbell@mpdl.mpg.de
@ColleenCampbe11
https://oa2020.org