This document summarizes a study examining substance use differences between Puerto Rican youth who remained in the New York City area versus those who moved out of the area. The study found significant demographic differences between the two groups, with those who moved out of the area more likely to be older, married, employed, and less reliant on welfare. However, the study found no statistically significant differences in substance use, binge drinking, substance use disorders, or number of delinquent peers between the two groups. Limitations of the study included a small sample size of those who moved out of the area.
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Get your quality homework help now and stand out.Our professional writers are committed to excellence. We have trained the best scholars in different fields of study.Contact us now at premiumessays.net and place your order at affordable price done within set deadlines.We always have someone online ready to answer all your queries and take your requests.
When people think of the word “alcoholic,” they generally come up with the image of a middle-aged man, divorced or facing divorce, probably also a smoker or illicit drug user. However, a study in 2001-2002 found that contrary to many people’s preconceptions, alcoholism takes on more varied forms and often starts young, around or before turning 20. Although alcoholism can develop differently, there are 5 main categories that individuals with alcoholism generally fall into. Learn about the characteristics of each group through this slide show. For more information about alcoholism recovery for anyone struggling with an alcohol addiction, contact an admissions counselor at Pyramid Healthcare: 1-888-694-9996.
AIDSTAR-One Prevention of Alcohol-Related HIV Risk BehaviorsAIDSTAROne
A growing body of research suggests that alcohol consumption is associated with the sexual behaviors that put people at risk for HIV. In developing countries battling severe HIV epidemics, addressing harmful drinking in conjunction with interventions to reduce sexual risk behavior may reduce HIV transmission more quickly than conventional HIV prevention interventions alone. Developed for program planners and implementers, this technical brief reviews the evidence on new and innovative programs in this emerging area. The brief catalogs what is known about the relationship between harmful alcohol use and HIV sexual risk behavior and offers a critical analysis of interventions to address the issue.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/prevention/resources/technical_briefs/prevention_alcohol_related_risk_behavior
A new data brief reports that deaths from drug abuse among millennials has increased by 400% in the past 20 years. The opioid crisis partly explains the increase, but millennials also face other problems, including high living costs. Here’s more on what the report calls “deaths of despair”:
•Drug deaths: The number of deaths among those in their 20s and 30s went up by 108% between 2007 and 2017.
•Alcohol-related deaths: These deaths in those aged 18-34 went up by nearly 70% between 2007 and 2017, and nearly doubled since 1999.
•Suicides: Between 2011 and 2016, suicide was the second leading cause of death among those aged 15-34, and the following year, suicide rates across all ages increased by 4%.
When people think of the word “alcoholic,” they generally come up with the image of a middle-aged man, divorced or facing divorce, probably also a smoker or illicit drug user. However, a study in 2001-2002 found that contrary to many people’s preconceptions, alcoholism takes on more varied forms and often starts young, around or before turning 20. Although alcoholism can develop differently, there are 5 main categories that individuals with alcoholism generally fall into. Learn about the characteristics of each group through this slide show. For more information about alcoholism recovery for anyone struggling with an alcohol addiction, contact an admissions counselor at Pyramid Healthcare: 1-888-694-9996.
AIDSTAR-One Prevention of Alcohol-Related HIV Risk BehaviorsAIDSTAROne
A growing body of research suggests that alcohol consumption is associated with the sexual behaviors that put people at risk for HIV. In developing countries battling severe HIV epidemics, addressing harmful drinking in conjunction with interventions to reduce sexual risk behavior may reduce HIV transmission more quickly than conventional HIV prevention interventions alone. Developed for program planners and implementers, this technical brief reviews the evidence on new and innovative programs in this emerging area. The brief catalogs what is known about the relationship between harmful alcohol use and HIV sexual risk behavior and offers a critical analysis of interventions to address the issue.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/prevention/resources/technical_briefs/prevention_alcohol_related_risk_behavior
A new data brief reports that deaths from drug abuse among millennials has increased by 400% in the past 20 years. The opioid crisis partly explains the increase, but millennials also face other problems, including high living costs. Here’s more on what the report calls “deaths of despair”:
•Drug deaths: The number of deaths among those in their 20s and 30s went up by 108% between 2007 and 2017.
•Alcohol-related deaths: These deaths in those aged 18-34 went up by nearly 70% between 2007 and 2017, and nearly doubled since 1999.
•Suicides: Between 2011 and 2016, suicide was the second leading cause of death among those aged 15-34, and the following year, suicide rates across all ages increased by 4%.
Simple Steps to Improve Your Maintenance ProgramTranscat
Presented by John Bernet of Fluke Corporation, Fluke and Transcat detail the benefits of a proactive maintenance program and how it compares to historical reactive, preventive, and predictive maintenance schedules.
I’ve spent the last fifteen years working in the disaster restoration industry. If you had a flood, fire, or any other disaster covered by your insurance, I’m the guy that put your world back together. I care, and I want you to feel as if your disaster never happened.So Read more : www.claimsdelegates.com
Causal Argument Essay
Qualitative Research Summary
Social Learning Theory
Teenage Alcohol Abuse Essay
Essay On Causal Argument
Jeremy Rifkin Enemies Of Promise
Confirmation Bias Essay
Causal Essay
708There is a wealth of literature highlighting the ne.docxevonnehoggarth79783
708
T
here is a wealth of literature highlighting the
negative physical (eg, type II diabetes, car-
diovascular problems) and psychosocial (eg,
depression, low self-worth) consequences of ado-
lescent obesity.1-3 However, less attention has been
given to the role adolescent weight status plays in
future health-risk behaviors, such as problematic
substance use. With adolescent overweight and
obesity rates remaining high (33.6% overweight,
18.4% obese 12-19 years),4 and substance use
more prevalent in young adulthood than any other
developmental period,5 identification of adolescent
weight status as a predictor of future problematic
substance use behavior is likely to have a signifi-
cant impact on research and clinical work aimed to
reduce multiple health risks in the transition from
adolescence to adulthood.
Adolescence is a crucial period for prevention ef-
forts aimed to reduce problematic substance use in
young adulthood. According to the National Survey
of Drug Use and Health,5 young adults have the
highest rates of current tobacco use (39.5% overall
including 33.5% cigarette use) and illicit drug use
(21.4%), with 19.0% using marijuana in the past
month. Binge drinking has been reported for 39.8%
and heavy alcohol use for 12.1% of 18- to 25-year-
olds. In the past 30 years, many epidemiological
longitudinal studies have identified several key
risk factors for problematic substance use, includ-
ing regular cigarette smoking, binge drinking, and
marijuana use, in adolescence and young adult-
hood. Temperament,6 behavioral disinhibition,7 ex-
ternalizing behaviors,8 poor parental monitoring,9
lack of parental support,10 negative peer interac-
tions,11 and affiliation with deviant peers12 have
been well-established as critical factors involved in
the development of problematic substance use.13-15
Considering the array of risk factors in adolescence
contributing to future problematic substance use,
it is likely that other health-risk conditions, such
as overweight or obesity status, are linked to prob-
lematic substance use behavior.
Little is currently known about the relationship
between adolescent weight status and future prob-
lematic substance use; however, use of an adoles-
cent developmental framework is likely to increase
our understanding of why this relationship may be
a significant one to address. One explanation may
be that a shared underlying factor like impulsivity
may explain co-occurring obesity and problematic
substance use. As children learn to self-regulate
behaviors, those who have difficulties with self-
control are more likely to over-consume energy-
dense food contributing to obesity risk16,17 and en-
gage in antisocial behaviors leading to substance
abuse and dependence.18,19 Although a shared
underlying factor explanation is plausible, under-
standing adolescent behavior without considering
the social context is incomplete.
H. Isabella Lanza, Research Associate and Chri.
Copyright 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserv.docxmelvinjrobinson2199
Copyright 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Difference-in-Differences Analysis of the Association
Between State Same-Sex Marriage Policies and Adolescent
Suicide Attempts
Julia Raifman, ScD; Ellen Moscoe, MA; S. Bryn Austin, ScD; Margaret McConnell, PhD
IMPORTANCE Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents between the
ages of 15 and 24 years. Adolescents who are sexual minorities experience elevated rates of
suicide attempts.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between state same-sex marriage policies and
adolescent suicide attempts.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study used state-level Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance System (YRBSS) data from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2015, which are
weighted to be representative of each state that has participation in the survey greater than
60%. A difference-in-differences analysis compared changes in suicide attempts among all
public high school students before and after implementation of state policies in 32 states
permitting same-sex marriage with year-to-year changes in suicide attempts among high
school students in 15 states without policies permitting same-sex marriage. Linear regression
was used to control for state, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and year, with Taylor series linearized
standard errors clustered by state and classroom. In a secondary analysis among students
who are sexual minorities, we included an interaction between sexual minority identity and
living in a state that had implemented same-sex marriage policies.
INTERVENTIONS Implementation of state policies permitting same-sex marriage during the
full period of YRBSS data collection.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Self-report of 1 or more suicide attempts within the past 12
months.
RESULTS Among the 762 678 students (mean [SD] age, 16.0 [1.2] years; 366 063 males and
396 615 females) who participated in the YRBSS between 1999 and 2015, a weighted 8.6% of
all high school students and 28.5% of students who identified as sexual minorities reported
suicide attempts before implementation of same-sex marriage policies. Same-sex marriage
policies were associated with a 0.6–percentage point (95% CI, –1.2 to –0.01 percentage
points) reduction in suicide attempts, representing a 7% relative reduction in the proportion
of high school students attempting suicide owing to same-sex marriage implementation. The
association was concentrated among students who were sexual minorities.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE State same-sex marriage policies were associated with a
reduction in the proportion of high school students reporting suicide attempts, providing
empirical evidence for an association between same-sex marriage policies and mental health
outcomes.
JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(4):350-356. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.4529
Published online February 20, 2017. Last corrected on April 24, 2017.
Editorial page 322
Author Audio Interview
JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page
page 404
Supplemental cont.
Copyright 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserv.docxbobbywlane695641
Copyright 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Difference-in-Differences Analysis of the Association
Between State Same-Sex Marriage Policies and Adolescent
Suicide Attempts
Julia Raifman, ScD; Ellen Moscoe, MA; S. Bryn Austin, ScD; Margaret McConnell, PhD
IMPORTANCE Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents between the
ages of 15 and 24 years. Adolescents who are sexual minorities experience elevated rates of
suicide attempts.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between state same-sex marriage policies and
adolescent suicide attempts.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study used state-level Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance System (YRBSS) data from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2015, which are
weighted to be representative of each state that has participation in the survey greater than
60%. A difference-in-differences analysis compared changes in suicide attempts among all
public high school students before and after implementation of state policies in 32 states
permitting same-sex marriage with year-to-year changes in suicide attempts among high
school students in 15 states without policies permitting same-sex marriage. Linear regression
was used to control for state, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and year, with Taylor series linearized
standard errors clustered by state and classroom. In a secondary analysis among students
who are sexual minorities, we included an interaction between sexual minority identity and
living in a state that had implemented same-sex marriage policies.
INTERVENTIONS Implementation of state policies permitting same-sex marriage during the
full period of YRBSS data collection.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Self-report of 1 or more suicide attempts within the past 12
months.
RESULTS Among the 762 678 students (mean [SD] age, 16.0 [1.2] years; 366 063 males and
396 615 females) who participated in the YRBSS between 1999 and 2015, a weighted 8.6% of
all high school students and 28.5% of students who identified as sexual minorities reported
suicide attempts before implementation of same-sex marriage policies. Same-sex marriage
policies were associated with a 0.6–percentage point (95% CI, –1.2 to –0.01 percentage
points) reduction in suicide attempts, representing a 7% relative reduction in the proportion
of high school students attempting suicide owing to same-sex marriage implementation. The
association was concentrated among students who were sexual minorities.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE State same-sex marriage policies were associated with a
reduction in the proportion of high school students reporting suicide attempts, providing
empirical evidence for an association between same-sex marriage policies and mental health
outcomes.
JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(4):350-356. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.4529
Published online February 20, 2017. Last corrected on April 24, 2017.
Editorial page 322
Author Audio Interview
JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page
page 404
Supplemental cont.
Speaker: Paul Toro
How do we end youth homelessness? This workshop will summarize research and examine an emerging typology that can be used to inform and appropriately scale interventions to end youth homelessness. Presenters will describe strategies that are working to help young people reconnect with family and other caring adults when appropriate, and prepare to transition successfully to independent living with housing and supportive services.
Running head DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION1DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION.docxjeanettehully
Running head: DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION 1
DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION 6
Drug Abuse and Addiction
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
Public Safety Issue: Drug Abuse and Addiction
Public safety issue refers to any problem which threatens the wellbeing of people and prosperity of communities. A solution to such challenges is crucial in order to ensure that safety of people is protected and safeguarded. The issue of drug abuse and concern among school going teenagers has become a major problem in United States. According to a survey conducted by Monitoring the Future (MTF), on average, 29 percent of the school kids between grades 8, 10, and 12 were found to be using drugs. This has raised a major concern that requires the government to work closely with relevant public safety organizations in order to contain this issue.
Research Topic: The Importance of Introducing Drug Abuse Unit in The Curriculum of the American Education System
Overview
According to findings of Monitoring the Future survey released in 2018, there is a significant increase in number of school going youths engaging in drug abuse activities. Marijuana, opioid abuse, alcohol, synthetic drugs, tobacco, and nicotine are among the top drugs and substances abused by teenagers and school going kids. These statistics are alarming since they present one of the major challenge to the wellbeing and prosperity of the future generation. Many anti-drug abuse and addiction organizations such as National Institutes on Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) have been working relentlessly to curb this rising level of drug abuse and addiction among teenagers. Despite all the efforts by these organizations, their programs have failed to achieve any substantial success as far the fight against drug abuse and addiction among teenagers is concerned. This research is aimed at exploring the relevant literature from books, peer-reviewed journals, publications, and other academic effort in the effort to present the dire need to integrate drug abuse into the curriculum of the American education system. The findings of the research will be a boost to the government and other public safety organizations in the fight against drug abuse and addiction among teenagers and school going youths.
Annotated Bibliography
Duncan, D. T., Palamar, J. J., & Williams, J. H. (2014). Perceived neighborhood illicit drug selling, peer illicit drug disapproval and illicit drug use among US high school seniors. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 9(1), 35.
The paper explores the problem of marijuana use among the students in U.S. high schools. Notably, more than 45.5 percent of the respondents revealed that they have used marijuana once on their lifetime while the other 36.4 percent revealing that they have used marijuana in the last one year. Additionally, another 22.7 percent of the respondents noting that they have been consta ...
A Picture of Health: Gay and Bisexual Teens in British Columbia.CBRC
A Picture of Health: Gay and Bisexual Teens in British Columbia. Presented by Elizabeth Saewyc, McCreary Centre Society at the 5th Annual Gay Men's Health Summit held in Vancouver, BC on November 9th and 10th, 2009.
The Centers for Disease Control developed the Youth Risk Behavior Su.pdfamritjewellay
The Centers for Disease Control developed the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System
(YRBSS) to monitor six categories of priority health risk behaviors among youth: behaviors that
contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual
behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases; unhealthy
dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity. A multistage sample design is used to produce
representative samples of students in grades 9 to 12, who then fill out a questionnaire on these
behaviors. The data below are for the questionThe Centers for Disease Control developed the
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) to monitor six categories of priority health
risk behaviors among youth: behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence;
tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended
pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases; unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical
inactivity. A multistage sample design is used to produce representative samples of students in
grades 9 to 12, who then fill out a questionnaire on these behaviors. The data below are for the
question
Solution
Description of the System: The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System
(YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young
adults: 1) behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; 2) tobacco use; 3)
alcohol and other drug use; 4) sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection;
5) unhealthy dietary behaviors; and 6) physical inactivity. In addition, YRBSS monitors the
prevalence of obesity and asthma. YRBSS includes a national school-based Youth Risk Behavior
Survey (YRBS) conducted by CDC and state and large urban school district school-based
YRBSs conducted by state and local education and health agencies. This report summarizes
results from the 2011 national survey, 43 state surveys, and 21 large urban school district surveys
conducted among students in grades 9–12. Results: Results from the 2011 national YRBS
indicated that many high school students are engaged in priority health-risk behaviors associated
with the leading causes of death among persons aged 10–24 years in the United States. During
the 30 days before the survey, 32.8% of high school students nationwide had texted or e-mailed
while driving, 38.7% had drunk alcohol, and 23.1% had used marijuana. During the 12 months
before the survey, 32.8% of students had been in a physical fight, 20.1% had ever been bullied
on school property, and 7.8% had attempted suicide. Many high school students nationwide are
engaged in sexual risk behaviors associated with unintended pregnancies and STDs, including
HIV infection. Nearly half (47.4%) of students had ever had sexual intercourse, 33.7% had had
sexual intercourse during the .
This webinar was developed by Child Trends in 2015 for the Office of Adolescent Health (OAH) as a technical assistance product for use with OAH grant programs.
Abuse and mistreatment in the adolescent period - by Dr. Bozzi Domenico (Mast...dott. Domenico Bozzi
UNICEF has highlighted how children suffer violence throughout all stages of childhood and adolescence, in different contexts, and often at the hands of people they trust and interact with on a daily basis.
Violent corporal punishment, 300 million children between 2 and 4 years old in the world regularly suffer violence from their family/guardians (about 3 out of 4), 250 million of these are punished physically (about 6 out of 10).
Sexual violence, Sexual violence occurs against children of all ages: 15 million girls aged 15 to 19 have experienced incidents of sexual violence in their lives, and 2.5 million young women in 28 European countries report having suffered episodes of sexual violence before the age of 15.
Abuse and mistreatment in the adolescent period - by Dr. Bozzi Domenico (Mast...
ColeNIDA_7
1. Substance use in Boricua Youth Study
participants residing in NYC area vs
those out of area
Cole Howie, NIDA
2. The Bronx
60% Hispanic
38% of South Bronx residents
(250,000+) live below poverty
line
Family of 4 living under
~$22,000/yr
49% of South Bronx children
live below the poverty line.
Part of the poorest
congressional district in US.
3. Alcohol and Substance Use Influences
Economic problems and poverty during childhood are related to
greater likelihoods for smoking, while poverty alone is
significantly associated with heavy drinking and marijuana
usage (Lee, McClernon, Kollins 2013).
Living in a neighborhood with low SES, high disorder, or
perceptions of disorder leads to higher odds of engaging in
tobacco, marijuana, or alcohol use (Karriker-Jaffe, 2013; Wilson, Syme, Boyce, et al
2005).
Peer engagement in tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana usage is
related to personal alcohol and substance use (Barnow, Schultz, Lucht, et al
2004; Garnier, Stein 2002; Kobus 2003; Ferguson, Meehan 2001).
4. Substance Use Among Hispanics
In terms of ethnic divisions, Hispanics have the highest risks of
early initiation of drinking (Child Trends Databank 2015).
Puerto Ricans had the highest overall lifetime and past-year
prevalence rates of psychiatric and substance disorders among
Latino subethnic groups (Alegria 2007; Alegria 2008).
5. Research Questions
In a sample of Puerto Rican youth originally recruited from the
South Bronx, are there differences in substance use between those
who stayed in the area and those who moved out of area?
If so, are these differences accounted for by involvement with
deviant peers?
6. Boricua Youth Study
Epidemiological study of mental disorders and their correlates
South Bronx (NY) and San Juan (PR)
House eligible if at least 1 child and 1 caretaker of Puerto Rican
descent
Longitudinal (Waves 1-3: 2000-2004)
Sample size: 1138 youth
W4 ongoing: 71% of initial participants complete
7. Measures
Only SB participants
Few completed OOA interviews for PR cases
Interested in those living in disadvantaged neighborhood (SB)
vs leaving
PR represents sample of metro area
Participant location: Local participants are defined as those
living in a two-hour commute radius; all others, OOA
8. Measures
Binge Drinking:
Binge drinking was defined according to the Substance Abuse
and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
definition: 5 or more alcoholic drinks at least 1 day in the
past 30 days.
NIAAA and BYS we defined it as 5 drinks for men and 4 for females
Measured through question: During the past 30 days, what is
the largest number of alcoholic drinks you had in a row,
that is, within a couple of hours?
Ranges between "00" (no drinks) to "07" (10 or more)
Assessed by Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System
(YRBSS) (SUF_10)
9. Measures
Heavy Drinking:
Defined as drinking 5 or more drinks on the same occasion
on each of 5 or more days (SAMHSA)
Measured through question from the Composite International
Diagnostic Interview (CIDI): How often in the past 12 months
did you have 5 or more drinks in a single day?
Ranges from less than "1"(nearly every day) to "6" (less
than once a month)
10. Measures
Substance use disorder (SUD)
Encompasses alcohol/drug abuse or dependency within the
past 12 months.
Measured and assessed through CIDI based on DSM-IV
Peer delinquency :
Measured by participant’s amount of friends that participate
in a number of deviant behaviors.
Measured through an average of 4 questions from Loeber et
al., (1998) peer delinquency scale. Sample item: During the
past year how many of your friends have used marijuana?
Ranges from "0" (Only a few or none of them) to "2" (Most
of them)
Assessed in abbreviated version of measure created by (DE_5-8)
All measures self-reported by participants
11. Data Analysis
To compare categorical variables (e.g., diagnosis of SUD):
Chi Squared: statistical test used to show any contrasts
between categorical data
Fisher Exact Test: for contrasts with low frequencies
To compare continuous variables (e.g., peer delinquency) :
T-test: statistical test used with continuous data to compare
the means of two groups
15. SUD & Peer Delinquency Results
Alcohol & Substance Abuse and Peer Delinquency Among Local and OOA
OOA (n=80)
n (%) or M (SD)
Local (n=1578)
n (%) or M (SD)
χ2,t-test,
FET p value Significant?
Heavy Drinking
*past 12 mo
1 (1.52) 12 (1.64) FTE 1 No
Binge Drinking
*past 30 days
16 (24.24) 212 (29.04) χ2
.41 No
SUD
*past 12 mo
2 (3.03) 49 (6.71) χ2
0.16 No
Peer Delinquent .0530 (.1671) .0845 (.2029) t-test 0.1547 No
16. Summary
Significant differences in:
Age, marital status, employment, and welfare support
Speaks to OOA stability
No differences in the two groups in terms of substance use/SUD
or number of delinquent peers
17. Discussion
Young adults whose families receive welfare support had lower
chances of remaining drug-free until young adulthood (Wu, de Saxe
Zerden 2016).
Marriage is associated with a lower likelihood in criminal
behavior, regardless of the quality of one’s marriage (Sampson, Laub,
Wimer 2006).
Possibility: More employed OOA, more disposable income for
alcohol/drugs
18. Limitations
Local participants are not only Bronx residents – includes all in
a two hour commute radius (all of NYC, parts of NJ, etc.)
Assumptions that OOA participants moved to a better quality
neighborhood than those living locally
Low prevalence in observations reduces ability to detect
differences
Limited OOA participants
Self-reported measures by participants
19. Going Forward
Continue OOA interviews
Specific questions about time in the Bronx and current
neighborhood
In contrast with current questioning about longest two
neighborhoods
20. Bibliography
Lee CT, McClernon FJ, Kollins SH, et al (2013). Childhood economic strains in predicting substance use in emerging
adulthood: mediation effects of youth self-control and parenting practices. J Pediatr Psychol. In press.
Karriker-Jaffe KJ (2013). Neighborhood socioeconomic status and substance use by U.S. Adults. Drug and Alcohol
Dependence 133, 212–221.
Wilson N, Syme SL, Boyce W, Battistich VA, Selvin S. Adolescent and alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use: the
influence of neighborhood disorder and hope. Am J Health Promot. 2005; 20:11–19.
Barnow S, Schultz G, Lucht M et al. Do alcohol expectancies and peer delinquency/substance use mediate the
relationship between impulsivity and drinking behaviour in adolescence? Alcohol Alcohol 2004; 39:213–19.
Garnier HE, Stein JA. An 18-year model of family and peer effects on adolescent drug use and delinquency. Journal of
Youth & Adolescence. 2002;31(1):45–56.
Kobus, K. (2003), Peers and adolescent smoking. Addiction, 98: 37–55. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.98.s1.4.x
Ferguson CJ, Meehan DC. With friends like these…: peer delinquency influences across age cohorts on smoking,
alcohol and illegal substance use. Eur Psychiatry. 2011;26(1):6–12. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.09.002.
Child Trends Databank. (2015). Binge drinking. Available at: http://www.childtrends.org/?indicators=binge-drinking
Alegria M, Canino G, Shrout PE, Woo M, Duan N, Vila D, Torres M, Chen CN, Meng XL. Prevalence of mental illness in
immigrant and non-immigrant US Latino groups. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165(3):359–369.
Alegria M., Mulvaney-Day N., Torres M., Polo A., Cao Z., Canino G. (2007). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders across
Latino subgroups in the United States. Am. J. Public Health 97, 68–75. 10.2105/ajph.2006.087205
Tucker et al., 2013 J.S. Tucker, M.S. Pollard, K. de la Haye, D.P. Kennedy, H.D. Green Jr. Neighborhood characteristics
and the initiation of marijuana use and binge drinking. Drug Alcohol Depend., 128 (2013), pp. 83–89
Sampson Robert J, Laub John H, Wimer Christopher. Does Marriage Reduce Crime? A Counterfactual Approach to
within-individual Causal Effects. Criminology. 2006;44:465–508.