Heavy drinking men reported more sexual experiences involving alcohol use compared to non-heavy drinking men. Heavy drinkers preferred having two or more drinks themselves and their partner drinking over one drink before sex. While heavy drinkers felt more confident gauging consent when intoxicated, non-heavy drinkers felt more confident when sober. Non-heavy drinkers also reported more positive attitudes toward sober sex and clearer communication compared to heavy drinkers. The findings suggest alcohol is a greater risk factor for sexual aggression among heavy drinking men.
Male Sexual Addiction by Dr. LaVelle Hendricks - Published in the NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS OF COUNSELING AND ADDICTION - www.nationalforum.com - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, Houston, Texas
Alcohol mediates the relationship between alcohol and reporting rape to the p...Heather Flowe
This study experimentally examined within a hypothetical rape scenario the role of victim alcohol intoxication and self-blame in perceiving and reporting to the police non-consensual sexual intercourse as rape. Participants (N = 79) consumed alcohol (mean BAC = .075%) or tonic water, and alcohol expectancy was manipulated. Thereafter, they participated in an interactive hypothetical dating scenario that allowed them to control the level of intimacy occurring. Once they stopped consenting, an act of rape was depicted. Alcohol consumption and expectancy did not affect the likelihood that forced non-consensual intercourse was perceived as rape. However, women who believed they had consumed alcohol as opposed to tonic were less likely to indicate they would report the rape to the police. The association between rape reporting and alcohol expectancy was fully mediated by participant self-blame. The implications of the results are discussed.
Raising awareness on what Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is, who it effects, how to help & be helped. Provides actual statistics as well as myths which are assumed with this serious social problem.
Male Sexual Addiction by Dr. LaVelle Hendricks - Published in the NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS OF COUNSELING AND ADDICTION - www.nationalforum.com - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, Houston, Texas
Alcohol mediates the relationship between alcohol and reporting rape to the p...Heather Flowe
This study experimentally examined within a hypothetical rape scenario the role of victim alcohol intoxication and self-blame in perceiving and reporting to the police non-consensual sexual intercourse as rape. Participants (N = 79) consumed alcohol (mean BAC = .075%) or tonic water, and alcohol expectancy was manipulated. Thereafter, they participated in an interactive hypothetical dating scenario that allowed them to control the level of intimacy occurring. Once they stopped consenting, an act of rape was depicted. Alcohol consumption and expectancy did not affect the likelihood that forced non-consensual intercourse was perceived as rape. However, women who believed they had consumed alcohol as opposed to tonic were less likely to indicate they would report the rape to the police. The association between rape reporting and alcohol expectancy was fully mediated by participant self-blame. The implications of the results are discussed.
Raising awareness on what Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is, who it effects, how to help & be helped. Provides actual statistics as well as myths which are assumed with this serious social problem.
Intimate Partner Violence and LGBT Relationshipsjayembee
This presentation describes how LGBT relationships are impacted by intimate partner abuse (IPV), and how these effects are similar or different to heterosexual relationships. A brief review of policy and law is included.
Invisible Men who have Sex with Men and Survival: From Practice to Research a...Jim Pickett
John Schneider's, University of Chicago, presentation at the Sex in the City II: Men, Sex, Love and HIV conference, held in Chicago on September 25, 2014. Sponsored by AIDS Foundation of Chicago and other partners.
"One in four women will be sexually assaulted during her college career. Sexual assault and rape effect victims and survivors in a number of detrimental ways. The victims’ and survivors’ academic and social lives are often torn apart, creating a disparity between their lives and the lives of others on campus. Title IX, part of the Education Amendments of 1972, protects women against sex-based discrimination and harassment in academia. Rape and sexual assault are considered extreme forms of harassment under Title IX. The law mandates that schools, including colleges and universities, follow guidelines set by the Office of Civil Rights to prevent and remedy inequities caused by sexual assault.
I posit that Occidental College violates Title IX by acting with deliberate indifference in regards to sexual assault and rape. To determine whether my hypothesis is correct, I measured students’ attitudes of sexual assault on campus using a campus-wide blog. I paired the qualitative analysis of the blog with quantitative analysis using a survey of survivors and victims at Occidental. After the analyses, I concluded that Occidental administration violates Title IX through deliberate indifference and because of incomplete compliance with the Dear Colleague Letter by the Office of Civil Rights."
This study was a test of the hypothesis that demographic variables (e.g. gender, education) would predict who would be closed minded about the idea of asexuality as a sexual orientation. The participants received the link to the survey on the researcher’s Facebook page. The survey asked the participants’ awareness of asexuality, educational background, feelings towards the topic of sex, religious background, gender, race, age, sexual orientation, and where they were raised. The survey also asked three questions regarding the participants’ beliefs about asexuality as a sexual orientation. The results did show a significant affect on attitudes of gender, and previous education about asexuality. The study also found a strong but not significant relationship between attitudes and religiosity.
• Presented at the Third Annual Conference of the International Network for Sexual Ethics and Politics in Ghent, Belgium 2013
• Presented at the Tenth Annual Conference of The Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality in San Diego, CA 2013
Author info Correspondence should be sent to Paul Nicodemu.docxikirkton
Author info: Correspondence should be sent to: Paul Nicodemus, Department of
Psychology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN 37044
North American Journal of Psychology, 2009, Vol. 11, No. 3, 455-462.
NAJP
The Effects of Maternal Relationships on
Physical and Psychological Dating Violence
Paul Nicodemus
Austin Peay State University
Patricia A. Davenport
Our House, Inc., Greenville, MS
Lynn E. McCutcheon
NAJP
Psychological and physical dating violence patterns were examined to
determine if maternal relationships affected dating violence patterns
differently for male and female adolescents. Participants consisted of 469
ninth grade students from various schools across the Mississippi Delta
region. Participants completed self-report evaluations regarding the
number of experienced and perpetrated violent acts with a dating partner.
A series of two-way ANOVAs were calculated to determine the influence
of maternal relationships on dating violence. These findings indicated
that maternal relationships do not significantly influence the physically
violent behaviors; however, significant interactions were found between
maternal relationships by gender, with males perpetrating greater
numbers of and being victimized more psychologically when the
relationship with the mother was negative. Female participants displayed
completely opposite patterns of psychological violence when
experiencing negative maternal relationships as compared to the males.
The issue of dating violence has received considerable research
attention over the past several years. The social problem created by
adolescents being both physically and psychologically violent toward a
dating partner, and the resulting victimization, is cause for serious
concern. Several factors have emerged from the extant research. First, it
is apparent that both physical and psychological abuse occurs regularly
among adolescents. Secondly, certain individual attributes increase the
likelihood of adolescents becoming abusive toward their dating partners.
Previous research has indicated that dating violence among
adolescents is a prevalent problem. James, West, Deters, and Armijo
(2000) reported that 50% of their adolescent participants perpetrated
physical violence in the form of scratching, pushing, shoving, and hitting
with fist. Yet other studies have indicated that as many as 40% of the
adolescent participants had perpetrated some form of physical violence
456 NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
against the dating partner (Malik, Sorenson, & Aneshensel, 1997;
O′Keefe, 1997; O′Keefe & Treister, 1998; O’Leary, Smith Slep, Avery-
Leaf, & Cascardi, 2008; Reuterman & Burcky, 1989). The exhibiting of
violent acts of a more serious nature is also apparent during the
adolescent years. In one such study, James et al. (2000) found that 20%
of the participants reported committing violent behaviors ...
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR
Volume 29, pages 366—380 (2003)
Perpetrators of Alcohol-Involved Sexual Assaults: How Do They Differ From Other Sexual Assault Perpetrators and Nonperpetrators?Tina Zawacki, l Antonia Abbey, 1 Philip O. Buck, 1 Pamela McAusIan,2 and A. Monique Clinton-SherrodI
Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
2University of Michigan—Dearbom, Dearborn, Michigan
Approximotely 50% of sexual assaults involve alcohol. Researchers have documented situationul characteristics that distinguish between sexual assaults that do and do not involve alcohol, but little attention has been paid to differences bctwcen the perpetrators of these two types of assault. In this study, discriminant function analysis was used to distinguish between college men (N = 356) who reported perpetrating sexual assault that involved alcohol, sexual assault that did not involve alcohol, or no scxuul assault. Predictors of sexual assault perpetration thut have been documented in pust research differentiated nonperpctrators from both types of perpetrators. Pcrpctrators of scxuol assaults that involved alcohol were in most wuys similar to perpetrutors of sexual assautts that did not, although they did differ on impulsivity, alcohol consumption in sexual situations, and beliers about alcohol. These findings suggest mechanisms through which alcohol is involved in sexual assault thut are relevant to theory and prevention. Aggr. Behav. 29:366—380, 2003. 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Key words: sexual assault; alcohol; antisocial behavior
The problems of rape and sexual assault have been studied intensely for the past 30 years. Rape is typically defined as vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse that is physically forced or occurs when consent could not be given because of the victim's age or mental impairment, which may be due to intoxication [Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1995; Koss, 19921. Sexual assault includes rape as well as other types of physically forced sexual contact and verbally
Tina Zawacki is now at the Department or Psychology. Addictive Behaviors Research Center. University of Washington.
A. Monique Clinton-Sherrod is no'.,v at RTl international. North Carolina.
Grant support: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to AA.
*Correspondence to: Tina Zawacki. Department of Psychology-ABRC. Box 351525, University of Washington. Seattle, WA 98195. E-mail: [email protected] u.washington.edu or Antonia Abbey, Department or Community Medicine. Wayne State University. 4201 St. Antoine, Delroil. MI 48201.
Published online in Wiley Jnterscience (wuw.intcrscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.100>ab.10076
0 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
coerced sexual intercourse [Koss, 19921. In a watershed study, Koss et al. [19871 surveyed a nationally representative sample of approximately 6,000 college men and women and found thal 25% or the men reported perpetrating some level of sexual assault since the age or 14; 54% of the women reported experiencing some level of sexual assault since the agc of.
Intimate Partner Violence and LGBT Relationshipsjayembee
This presentation describes how LGBT relationships are impacted by intimate partner abuse (IPV), and how these effects are similar or different to heterosexual relationships. A brief review of policy and law is included.
Invisible Men who have Sex with Men and Survival: From Practice to Research a...Jim Pickett
John Schneider's, University of Chicago, presentation at the Sex in the City II: Men, Sex, Love and HIV conference, held in Chicago on September 25, 2014. Sponsored by AIDS Foundation of Chicago and other partners.
"One in four women will be sexually assaulted during her college career. Sexual assault and rape effect victims and survivors in a number of detrimental ways. The victims’ and survivors’ academic and social lives are often torn apart, creating a disparity between their lives and the lives of others on campus. Title IX, part of the Education Amendments of 1972, protects women against sex-based discrimination and harassment in academia. Rape and sexual assault are considered extreme forms of harassment under Title IX. The law mandates that schools, including colleges and universities, follow guidelines set by the Office of Civil Rights to prevent and remedy inequities caused by sexual assault.
I posit that Occidental College violates Title IX by acting with deliberate indifference in regards to sexual assault and rape. To determine whether my hypothesis is correct, I measured students’ attitudes of sexual assault on campus using a campus-wide blog. I paired the qualitative analysis of the blog with quantitative analysis using a survey of survivors and victims at Occidental. After the analyses, I concluded that Occidental administration violates Title IX through deliberate indifference and because of incomplete compliance with the Dear Colleague Letter by the Office of Civil Rights."
This study was a test of the hypothesis that demographic variables (e.g. gender, education) would predict who would be closed minded about the idea of asexuality as a sexual orientation. The participants received the link to the survey on the researcher’s Facebook page. The survey asked the participants’ awareness of asexuality, educational background, feelings towards the topic of sex, religious background, gender, race, age, sexual orientation, and where they were raised. The survey also asked three questions regarding the participants’ beliefs about asexuality as a sexual orientation. The results did show a significant affect on attitudes of gender, and previous education about asexuality. The study also found a strong but not significant relationship between attitudes and religiosity.
• Presented at the Third Annual Conference of the International Network for Sexual Ethics and Politics in Ghent, Belgium 2013
• Presented at the Tenth Annual Conference of The Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality in San Diego, CA 2013
Author info Correspondence should be sent to Paul Nicodemu.docxikirkton
Author info: Correspondence should be sent to: Paul Nicodemus, Department of
Psychology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN 37044
North American Journal of Psychology, 2009, Vol. 11, No. 3, 455-462.
NAJP
The Effects of Maternal Relationships on
Physical and Psychological Dating Violence
Paul Nicodemus
Austin Peay State University
Patricia A. Davenport
Our House, Inc., Greenville, MS
Lynn E. McCutcheon
NAJP
Psychological and physical dating violence patterns were examined to
determine if maternal relationships affected dating violence patterns
differently for male and female adolescents. Participants consisted of 469
ninth grade students from various schools across the Mississippi Delta
region. Participants completed self-report evaluations regarding the
number of experienced and perpetrated violent acts with a dating partner.
A series of two-way ANOVAs were calculated to determine the influence
of maternal relationships on dating violence. These findings indicated
that maternal relationships do not significantly influence the physically
violent behaviors; however, significant interactions were found between
maternal relationships by gender, with males perpetrating greater
numbers of and being victimized more psychologically when the
relationship with the mother was negative. Female participants displayed
completely opposite patterns of psychological violence when
experiencing negative maternal relationships as compared to the males.
The issue of dating violence has received considerable research
attention over the past several years. The social problem created by
adolescents being both physically and psychologically violent toward a
dating partner, and the resulting victimization, is cause for serious
concern. Several factors have emerged from the extant research. First, it
is apparent that both physical and psychological abuse occurs regularly
among adolescents. Secondly, certain individual attributes increase the
likelihood of adolescents becoming abusive toward their dating partners.
Previous research has indicated that dating violence among
adolescents is a prevalent problem. James, West, Deters, and Armijo
(2000) reported that 50% of their adolescent participants perpetrated
physical violence in the form of scratching, pushing, shoving, and hitting
with fist. Yet other studies have indicated that as many as 40% of the
adolescent participants had perpetrated some form of physical violence
456 NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
against the dating partner (Malik, Sorenson, & Aneshensel, 1997;
O′Keefe, 1997; O′Keefe & Treister, 1998; O’Leary, Smith Slep, Avery-
Leaf, & Cascardi, 2008; Reuterman & Burcky, 1989). The exhibiting of
violent acts of a more serious nature is also apparent during the
adolescent years. In one such study, James et al. (2000) found that 20%
of the participants reported committing violent behaviors ...
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR
Volume 29, pages 366—380 (2003)
Perpetrators of Alcohol-Involved Sexual Assaults: How Do They Differ From Other Sexual Assault Perpetrators and Nonperpetrators?Tina Zawacki, l Antonia Abbey, 1 Philip O. Buck, 1 Pamela McAusIan,2 and A. Monique Clinton-SherrodI
Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
2University of Michigan—Dearbom, Dearborn, Michigan
Approximotely 50% of sexual assaults involve alcohol. Researchers have documented situationul characteristics that distinguish between sexual assaults that do and do not involve alcohol, but little attention has been paid to differences bctwcen the perpetrators of these two types of assault. In this study, discriminant function analysis was used to distinguish between college men (N = 356) who reported perpetrating sexual assault that involved alcohol, sexual assault that did not involve alcohol, or no scxuul assault. Predictors of sexual assault perpetration thut have been documented in pust research differentiated nonperpctrators from both types of perpetrators. Pcrpctrators of scxuol assaults that involved alcohol were in most wuys similar to perpetrutors of sexual assautts that did not, although they did differ on impulsivity, alcohol consumption in sexual situations, and beliers about alcohol. These findings suggest mechanisms through which alcohol is involved in sexual assault thut are relevant to theory and prevention. Aggr. Behav. 29:366—380, 2003. 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Key words: sexual assault; alcohol; antisocial behavior
The problems of rape and sexual assault have been studied intensely for the past 30 years. Rape is typically defined as vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse that is physically forced or occurs when consent could not be given because of the victim's age or mental impairment, which may be due to intoxication [Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1995; Koss, 19921. Sexual assault includes rape as well as other types of physically forced sexual contact and verbally
Tina Zawacki is now at the Department or Psychology. Addictive Behaviors Research Center. University of Washington.
A. Monique Clinton-Sherrod is no'.,v at RTl international. North Carolina.
Grant support: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to AA.
*Correspondence to: Tina Zawacki. Department of Psychology-ABRC. Box 351525, University of Washington. Seattle, WA 98195. E-mail: [email protected] u.washington.edu or Antonia Abbey, Department or Community Medicine. Wayne State University. 4201 St. Antoine, Delroil. MI 48201.
Published online in Wiley Jnterscience (wuw.intcrscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.100>ab.10076
0 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
coerced sexual intercourse [Koss, 19921. In a watershed study, Koss et al. [19871 surveyed a nationally representative sample of approximately 6,000 college men and women and found thal 25% or the men reported perpetrating some level of sexual assault since the age or 14; 54% of the women reported experiencing some level of sexual assault since the agc of.
Copyright 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserv.docxmelvinjrobinson2199
Copyright 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Difference-in-Differences Analysis of the Association
Between State Same-Sex Marriage Policies and Adolescent
Suicide Attempts
Julia Raifman, ScD; Ellen Moscoe, MA; S. Bryn Austin, ScD; Margaret McConnell, PhD
IMPORTANCE Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents between the
ages of 15 and 24 years. Adolescents who are sexual minorities experience elevated rates of
suicide attempts.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between state same-sex marriage policies and
adolescent suicide attempts.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study used state-level Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance System (YRBSS) data from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2015, which are
weighted to be representative of each state that has participation in the survey greater than
60%. A difference-in-differences analysis compared changes in suicide attempts among all
public high school students before and after implementation of state policies in 32 states
permitting same-sex marriage with year-to-year changes in suicide attempts among high
school students in 15 states without policies permitting same-sex marriage. Linear regression
was used to control for state, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and year, with Taylor series linearized
standard errors clustered by state and classroom. In a secondary analysis among students
who are sexual minorities, we included an interaction between sexual minority identity and
living in a state that had implemented same-sex marriage policies.
INTERVENTIONS Implementation of state policies permitting same-sex marriage during the
full period of YRBSS data collection.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Self-report of 1 or more suicide attempts within the past 12
months.
RESULTS Among the 762 678 students (mean [SD] age, 16.0 [1.2] years; 366 063 males and
396 615 females) who participated in the YRBSS between 1999 and 2015, a weighted 8.6% of
all high school students and 28.5% of students who identified as sexual minorities reported
suicide attempts before implementation of same-sex marriage policies. Same-sex marriage
policies were associated with a 0.6–percentage point (95% CI, –1.2 to –0.01 percentage
points) reduction in suicide attempts, representing a 7% relative reduction in the proportion
of high school students attempting suicide owing to same-sex marriage implementation. The
association was concentrated among students who were sexual minorities.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE State same-sex marriage policies were associated with a
reduction in the proportion of high school students reporting suicide attempts, providing
empirical evidence for an association between same-sex marriage policies and mental health
outcomes.
JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(4):350-356. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.4529
Published online February 20, 2017. Last corrected on April 24, 2017.
Editorial page 322
Author Audio Interview
JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page
page 404
Supplemental cont.
Copyright 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserv.docxbobbywlane695641
Copyright 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Difference-in-Differences Analysis of the Association
Between State Same-Sex Marriage Policies and Adolescent
Suicide Attempts
Julia Raifman, ScD; Ellen Moscoe, MA; S. Bryn Austin, ScD; Margaret McConnell, PhD
IMPORTANCE Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents between the
ages of 15 and 24 years. Adolescents who are sexual minorities experience elevated rates of
suicide attempts.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between state same-sex marriage policies and
adolescent suicide attempts.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study used state-level Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance System (YRBSS) data from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2015, which are
weighted to be representative of each state that has participation in the survey greater than
60%. A difference-in-differences analysis compared changes in suicide attempts among all
public high school students before and after implementation of state policies in 32 states
permitting same-sex marriage with year-to-year changes in suicide attempts among high
school students in 15 states without policies permitting same-sex marriage. Linear regression
was used to control for state, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and year, with Taylor series linearized
standard errors clustered by state and classroom. In a secondary analysis among students
who are sexual minorities, we included an interaction between sexual minority identity and
living in a state that had implemented same-sex marriage policies.
INTERVENTIONS Implementation of state policies permitting same-sex marriage during the
full period of YRBSS data collection.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Self-report of 1 or more suicide attempts within the past 12
months.
RESULTS Among the 762 678 students (mean [SD] age, 16.0 [1.2] years; 366 063 males and
396 615 females) who participated in the YRBSS between 1999 and 2015, a weighted 8.6% of
all high school students and 28.5% of students who identified as sexual minorities reported
suicide attempts before implementation of same-sex marriage policies. Same-sex marriage
policies were associated with a 0.6–percentage point (95% CI, –1.2 to –0.01 percentage
points) reduction in suicide attempts, representing a 7% relative reduction in the proportion
of high school students attempting suicide owing to same-sex marriage implementation. The
association was concentrated among students who were sexual minorities.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE State same-sex marriage policies were associated with a
reduction in the proportion of high school students reporting suicide attempts, providing
empirical evidence for an association between same-sex marriage policies and mental health
outcomes.
JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(4):350-356. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.4529
Published online February 20, 2017. Last corrected on April 24, 2017.
Editorial page 322
Author Audio Interview
JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page
page 404
Supplemental cont.
This article co-written by Dr. Robert J. Winn which aims to quantify the number of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Philadelphia who report to be victims of domestic violence.
1. The Role of Alcohol in the Sexual Experiences of Heavy Drinking
and Non-heavy Drinking College Men
Lindsay Orchowski, PhD, Jesse Boggis, B.A., Ariel Hoadley, B.A., Daniel Oesterle, B.S., Lawrence Chan, & Emily Johnson
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Sexual assault is pervasive on college campuses across the country; The vast majority of sexual assault is perpetrated by men against women, using primarily
coercive strategies (e.g., arguments or pressure) or by providing a potential victim with alcohol in order to lower her ability to resist (Warkentin & Gidycz, 2007).
Notably, alcohol intoxication increases men’s likelihood of disregarding a woman’s refusal of sexual activity (Abbey, Zawacki, Buck, Testa, Parks, Norris,
Martin, Livingston, McAuslan, Clinton, Kennedy, George, Davis, & Martell, 2002).
When intoxicated, men are also more likely to interpret women’s behavior as a sign of sexual interest (Parkhill & Abbey, 2008).
20% of college women report having experienced of an attempted or completed rape (Brener, McMahon, Warren & Douglas, 1999).
28% of college women experience sexual victimization as a result of incapacitation or the use of force prior to or during their college years (Krebs, Lindquist,
Warner, Fisher & Martin, 2009).
College men also report perpetrating high rates of sexual aggression; with 14% perpetrating some form of sexual aggression over 1-year period (Abbey
& McAuslan, 2004) and 35% perpetrating over a 4-year period (White & Smith, 2004).
Sexually aggressive men report greater daily alcohol consumption (Borowsky, Hogan, & Ireland, 1997) and engage in higher rates of heavy drinking
(Neal & Fromme, 2007) than non-sexually aggressive men.
Similarly, higher alcohol use is correlated with an increased likelihood to perpetrate sexual violence (Kaysen, Neighbors, Martell, Fossos, & Larimer, 2006).
Bystander interventions aim to empower individuals to intervene when they witness potentially threatening dating situations (Banyard, Moynihan, & Plante,
2007; Banyard, Plante & Moynihan, 2004).
A man’s personal willingness to intervene as a bystander during sexual assaults is strongly associated with his perception of how other men would act
(Fabiano, Perkins, Berkowitz, Linkenbach & Stark, 2003).
Men often fail to intervene when witnessing inappropriate dating behavior because they are unaware that their peers share their discomfort with the dating
norms that men are socialized to follow (Berkowitz, 2002; Kilmartin, Conway, Friedberg, McQuoid, Tschan & Norbet, 1999).
Most college men misperceive their peers' attitudes towards sex and sexual behavior (Berkowitz, 2004).
The majority of men disapprove of other men who commit sexual violence and are uncomfortable with the societal expectations of masculinity (Berkowitz,
2004).
Correcting men’s erroneous beliefs about social and sexual norms can combat misperceptions and encourages men to become comfortable expressing
disapproval of their peers’ sexually aggressive behaviors (Paul & Grey, 2011).
PURPOSE: The present study explores the role of alcohol in the sexual experiences between heavy drinking men and non-drinking men.
Among men who were sexually active in the past 30 days with a
female partner, heavy drinkers, compared to non-heavy drinkers,
reported a high number of sexual experiences involving any personal
or heavy alcohol use, any or heavy alcohol use by a female partner,
any or heavy alcohol use by both individuals.
Whereas heavy drinkers reported more confidence than non-heavy
drinkers that they could gauge consent for sexual activity when they
were intoxicated, non-heavy drinkers felt more confident than heavy
drinkers that they could gauge consent for sexual activity when sober
Compared with heavy drinkers, non-heavy drinkers:
►Felt sex was more enjoyable when sober , were less likely to
regret sexual experiences when sober compared to when drunk,
were more likely to regret sexual experiences when they, a partner or
both were intoxicated, believe that having a sexual experience with a
new partner when drinking could decrease the changes of having a
serious relationship, felt better about sexual experiences when
sober, that involved clear sexual communication.
►Tried more often to gain a verbal affirmation of consent, would
prefer to gain verbal consent than attempt a sexual activity and “wait
and see” how the partner responds, did not think it was OK to
encourage a woman to drink in order to increase their chances of
having sex, were more likely to proactively intervene when
witnessing another man encouraging a woman to drink in order to
increase their chances of sexual activity.
BACKGROUND
Eastern Psychological Association, March 2014, Boston Massachusetts Email Contact: Lindsay_Orchowski@brown.edu
PARTICIPANTS
To be eligible for the study, participants were: 1) male; 2) enrolled full or part-time at the University. Data
were collected at a large Northeastern university.
PROCEDURE
►Participants were recruited via email to complete an online survey. The study was advertised as a survey
about dating and alcohol use. Participants were informed that the purpose of the study was to better understand
college dating behavior and develop an intervention to improve safety in dating and sexual situations for college
students. Participants received a description of the study, an informed consent form, and were compensated with
an entry for a $50 raffle upon completion of the survey. The odds of being selected for the raffle were 1 in 50.
RESULTS
METHOD
SUMMARY
MEASURES
►Measure of Current Alcohol Use
►Participants responded to the question “In the past 30 days, how many times have you had 5 or more
drinks in a row?” From these responses, participants were categorized into two groups: binge drinkers and
non-binge drinkers. The binge drinkers were defined as having drank 5 or more alcoholic beverages in a row,
on 2 or more separate occasions in the past 30 days. Non-binge drinkers were defined as those participants
who reported drinking 5 or more alcoholic beverages in a row, no times in the past month, or on one single
occasion.
►Other Measures:
►A series of items were developed for the purpose of the present study in order to examine the interaction between
sexual activity and alcohol, as well as students’ attitudes towards sexual activity and alcohol use
Respondent Characteristics
(N = 242)
N (%)
Age (mean + SD) 20.44 +1.038
Sexual Orientation
Heterosexual
Bisexual
Homosexual
Questioning
No Answer
Ethnicity
220
2
16
2
2
(90.9)
(0.8)
(6.6)
(0.8)
(0.8)
White/Caucasian 209 (86.4)
Asian
Black/African American
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
Other
No Answer
10
5
1
10
7
(4.1)
(2.1)
(0.4)
(4.1)
(2.9)
Drinking Behavior
Binge Drinkers 121 (50.0)
Non-Binge Drinkers 121 (50.0)
Sexual Activity
Using some alcohol* 160 (66.1)
While Binge-Drinking* 132 (54.5)
(* = during the past year)
Note: This research was supported by NIAAA grant number
R34-AA020852 (PI: Orchowski) The content is solely the
responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily
represent the official views of the National Institute of
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
SUMMARY
►Non-heavy drinkers feel more confident about gauging consent for sexual activity when sober compared with
heavy drinkers
►Heavy drinkers were more likely to report sexual experiences where alcohol is more present than are non-
heavy drinkers
►Differences exist between heavy and non-heavy drinkers in their attitudes towards sexual experiences and the
role of alcohol in those experiences
►Our findings underscore the importance of addressing alcohol as a risk factor for sexual aggression in sexual
assault prevention programs for men, and targeting the needs of men who report heavy drinking in intervention
efforts.
References cited in this poster are available
upon request.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Among men who were sexually active with a female partner in the past year (N= 189):
Heavy drinkers reported they:
►Preferred sexual activity after having consumed 2.93 drinks
►Preferred sexual activity with a partner after she had consumed 1.62 drinks
Non-heavy drinkers reported that they:
►Preferred sexual activity after having consumed 0.65 drinks
►Preferred sexual activity with a partner after she has consumed 0.50 drinks
►Heavy drinkers reported preferring sexual activity after having consumed more drinks than non-heavy drinkers,
[t(187)= -5.60, p<.001], and reported a preference for having a partner consume more alcohol than did non-heavy
drinkers[t(187) = -4.66, p<.001]
N Mean t-statistic p-value
Among the full study sample (N=242):
How many female sexual partners
have you had in the past year?
Non-binge
drinker 121 1.93 -1.67 0.097
Binge
drinker
121 3.02
How many female sexual partners
have you had in the past month (30
days)?
Non-binge
drinker 121 .74 -0.55 0.585
Binge
drinker
121 .83
How many times have you engaged in
some form of sexual activity with a
woman over the past month (30
days)?
Non-binge
drinker 121 4.84 -1.62 0.106
Binge
drinker
121 6.88
Among men who were sexually active with a female partner in the past 30 days
(N=150):
How many of these experiences
involved any personal use of alcohol?
Non-binge
drinker 64 .78 -4.18 <.001
Binge
drinker
86 3.49
How many of these experiences were
you drinking 5 or more drinks?
Non-binge
drinker 64 .20 -4.14 <.001
Binge
drinker
86 2.80
H ow many of these experiences
involved any use of alcohol by the
woman?
Non-binge
drinker 64 .72 -4.22 <.001
Binge
drinker
86 2.91
What number of these experiences
involved your female partner having 4
or more drinks?
Non-binge
drinker 64 .30 -3.51 <.001
Binge
drinker
86 2.49
How many of these experiences were
both you and the woman consuming
alcohol prior to the experience?
Non-binge
drinker 64 .67 -4.04 <.001
Binge
drinker
86 3.26
How many of these experiences did
you consume 5 or more drinks, and
your female partner consumed 4 or
more drinks?
Non-binge
drinker 64 .17 -3.78 <.001
Binge
drinker
86 2.07
N Mean t-statistic p-value
Among men sexually active in the past year (N = 189)
Sex is more enjoyable when I’m sober compared
to when I’m drunk
Non-binge
drinker
82 4.16 4.51 <.001
Binge drinker 107 3.46
I am less likely to regret sexual experiences when
I’m sober compared to when I’m drunk
Non-binge
drinker
82 4.32 4.21 <.001
Binge drinker 107 3.71
I am more likely to regret having sex with a
partner when she is intoxicated
Non-binge
drinker
82 4.01 3.82 <.001
Binge drinker 107 3.44
I am more likely to regret having sex with a
partner when I am intoxicated.
Non-binge
drinker
82 3.87 2.82 .005
Binge drinker 107 3.43
I am more likely to regret having sex with a
partner when both of us are intoxicated.
Non-binge
drinker
82 3.62 2.91 .004
Binge drinker 107 3.15
Having sexual experiences with a new partner
after I’ve been drinking can damage the likelihood
of having a serious relationship with them in the
future.
Non-binge
drinker
82 3.87 4.55 <.001
Binge drinker
107 3.15
When I am sober, I am confident that I am on the
same page with my sexual partner (i.e.,
understand what they want, understand what they
don’t want)?
Non-binge
drinker
82 4.46 3.90 <.001
Binge drinker
107 3.98
When I am intoxicated, I am confident that I am
on the same page with my partner (i.e.,
understand what they want, understand what they
don’t want)?
Non-binge
drinker
82 2.85 -4.18 <.001
Binge drinker
107 3.52
I do not think it is OK to encourage women to
drink in order to increase my chances of having
sex (e.g. buying alcohol for a woman, providing
alcohol for a woman, suggesting that the woman
drink).
Non-binge
drinker
82 4.18 3.27 .001
Binge drinker
107 3.65
I feel better about the sexual experiences I have
when I am sober.
Non-binge
drinker
82 4.33 4.65 <.001
Binge drinker 107 3.71
I feel better about the sexual experiences I have
when I know what my partner wanted.
Non-binge
drinker
82 4.73 3.80 <.001
Binge drinker 107 4.33
It makes me uncomfortable when I see other men
encourage women to drink in order to increase
their chances of having sex with them (e.g.
buying alcohol for a woman, providing alcohol for
a woman, suggesting that the woman drink).
Non-binge
drinker
82 4.01 2.98 .003
Binge drinker
107 3.55
I would intervene if I see another man trying to
encourage a woman to drink in order to increase
their chances of having sex with them (e.g.
buying alcohol for a woman, providing alcohol for
a woman, suggesting that the woman drink).
Non-binge
drinker
82 3.45 4.40 <.001
Binge drinker
107 2.81
I feel uncomfortable when my guy friends talk
about sex in detail around me.
Non-binge
drinker
82 2.09 1.52 .131
Binge drinker 107 1.85
I’d prefer not to go into detail about the types of
sexual activity that I engage in with women.
Non-binge
drinker
82 3.13 1.46 .147
Binge drinker 107 2.86
I feel better about sexual experiences when I gain
verbal affirmation from a sex partner that what is
happening is OK.
Non-binge
drinker
82 4.32 3.08 .002
Binge drinker 107 3.89
During sexual activity, I try to gain a verbal
affirmation from my partner that what we are
doing is OK.
Non-binge
drinker
82 4.07 3.43 .001
Binge drinker 107 3.58
I’d rather ask a partner if we can do something
sexual, then try to try something sexual with a
partner and wait and see how they respond.
Non-binge
drinker
82 3.84 2.94 .004
Binge drinker 107 3.41