This document summarizes research into improving the long-term temperature stability of a portable laser spectroscopic CO2 sensor. Tests were conducted in a temperature-controlled environment to identify temperature-sensitive components. Allan variance plots showed that temperature-induced drift was traced mostly to impacts on the laser's performance from variations in its heat-sink temperature. While the sensor demonstrated good short-term performance, a two-stage thermoelectric cooler for the laser could ameliorate long-term drift from temperature changes, though it would increase power consumption.
This document describes the development of a low-power wireless sensor network for monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. It consists of laser spectroscopic sensor nodes that measure CO2 concentrations with high sensitivity and selectivity. Laboratory tests showed temperature induced drift affecting long-term sensor performance. The researchers stabilized sensor temperature in a controlled chamber, eliminating drift. They demonstrated a proof-of-concept two-node network operating continuously for 8 hours, with the data revealing details about human activity levels in the lab over time. Future work includes developing real-time calibration to address drift and deploying a large-scale field network for long-term trace gas monitoring.
This document describes a wireless sensor network for monitoring environmental carbon dioxide (CO2) levels using laser-based sensor nodes. The network aims to provide high spatial resolution real-time CO2 concentration data with unprecedented sensitivity and selectivity. Laboratory and field tests of a two-node and three-node network demonstrated the long-term stability and cross-correlation performance of the sensor nodes, which achieved temperature drift correction. Future work involves deploying a larger sensor network for long-term trace gas monitoring in environmental field studies.
The Pyrotector Model 30-3003 is an explosion-proof smoke detector designed for hazardous industrial and commercial locations. It uses a photoelectric sensor with an infrared light source and light sensing cell to detect smoke. The detector has self-checking circuitry to maintain sensitivity and can detect both slow and fast fires. It provides alarm and trouble relay contacts and is suitable for use in hazardous areas like combustible storage facilities, chemical plants, and refineries.
Lab methods for power sys condition monitoringmosesnbklyn
This document summarizes laboratory tests conducted on electrical equipment from power distribution systems that were identified as having failures or potential failures in the field. The equipment was tested under controlled conditions in a lab to characterize the electrical signatures and electromagnetic noise emissions. Surge arresters, disconnect switches, insulators and other components were energized and monitored to study how emissions changed as failures progressed. The goal is to develop a library of failure signatures to help identify failing components and failure modes from field measurements.
The HP MEMS sensor demonstrates potential for use in seismic imaging applications by providing a flat frequency response down to DC and low noise floor of less than 10 ng/√Hz. Testing at the USGS confirmed noise levels matching the lowest levels on Earth and matching signals down to 25 mHz compared to a reference sensor. A custom ASIC integrated circuit is being developed to enable low power sensors for dense wireless arrays to further improve seismic image resolution.
Sirius Integrator provides reliable off-grid power solutions using direct methanol fuel cells. Their EFOY Pro fuel cells offer advantages over batteries and generators like longer runtime, lower weight and volume, higher energy density, and lower emissions. The fuel cells can power applications in security, remote sensing, mobility, and other sectors for days without refueling. Sirius Integrator offers these fuel cell solutions to commercial and military customers for mission-critical applications.
The document discusses the Royal Air Force careers website and includes contact information for Mrs. Jolie Phang of Wong Partnership LLC in Tiong Bahru, Xiamen. It also mentions that a religious advertisement for insurance violates the 18th amendment section 2 of the US Constitution, and includes contact information for Mrs. Juanita Gorgona to view at their earliest convenience.
This study examines the impact of road dust from the Dempster Highway on nearby aquatic ecosystems in the Northwest Territories. Preliminary results show higher conductivity and pH in lakes within 5km of the highway, indicating dust is impacting water chemistry. A snow survey found dust travelling over 100m from the road. Future work includes deploying dust traps and collecting more snow samples to better understand dust dispersal. Analyzing sediment cores will provide historical records of changes in water chemistry and algal communities corresponding to highway construction. This research aims to inform regulatory decisions by quantifying dust impacts on small arctic lakes and ponds.
This document describes the development of a low-power wireless sensor network for monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. It consists of laser spectroscopic sensor nodes that measure CO2 concentrations with high sensitivity and selectivity. Laboratory tests showed temperature induced drift affecting long-term sensor performance. The researchers stabilized sensor temperature in a controlled chamber, eliminating drift. They demonstrated a proof-of-concept two-node network operating continuously for 8 hours, with the data revealing details about human activity levels in the lab over time. Future work includes developing real-time calibration to address drift and deploying a large-scale field network for long-term trace gas monitoring.
This document describes a wireless sensor network for monitoring environmental carbon dioxide (CO2) levels using laser-based sensor nodes. The network aims to provide high spatial resolution real-time CO2 concentration data with unprecedented sensitivity and selectivity. Laboratory and field tests of a two-node and three-node network demonstrated the long-term stability and cross-correlation performance of the sensor nodes, which achieved temperature drift correction. Future work involves deploying a larger sensor network for long-term trace gas monitoring in environmental field studies.
The Pyrotector Model 30-3003 is an explosion-proof smoke detector designed for hazardous industrial and commercial locations. It uses a photoelectric sensor with an infrared light source and light sensing cell to detect smoke. The detector has self-checking circuitry to maintain sensitivity and can detect both slow and fast fires. It provides alarm and trouble relay contacts and is suitable for use in hazardous areas like combustible storage facilities, chemical plants, and refineries.
Lab methods for power sys condition monitoringmosesnbklyn
This document summarizes laboratory tests conducted on electrical equipment from power distribution systems that were identified as having failures or potential failures in the field. The equipment was tested under controlled conditions in a lab to characterize the electrical signatures and electromagnetic noise emissions. Surge arresters, disconnect switches, insulators and other components were energized and monitored to study how emissions changed as failures progressed. The goal is to develop a library of failure signatures to help identify failing components and failure modes from field measurements.
The HP MEMS sensor demonstrates potential for use in seismic imaging applications by providing a flat frequency response down to DC and low noise floor of less than 10 ng/√Hz. Testing at the USGS confirmed noise levels matching the lowest levels on Earth and matching signals down to 25 mHz compared to a reference sensor. A custom ASIC integrated circuit is being developed to enable low power sensors for dense wireless arrays to further improve seismic image resolution.
Sirius Integrator provides reliable off-grid power solutions using direct methanol fuel cells. Their EFOY Pro fuel cells offer advantages over batteries and generators like longer runtime, lower weight and volume, higher energy density, and lower emissions. The fuel cells can power applications in security, remote sensing, mobility, and other sectors for days without refueling. Sirius Integrator offers these fuel cell solutions to commercial and military customers for mission-critical applications.
The document discusses the Royal Air Force careers website and includes contact information for Mrs. Jolie Phang of Wong Partnership LLC in Tiong Bahru, Xiamen. It also mentions that a religious advertisement for insurance violates the 18th amendment section 2 of the US Constitution, and includes contact information for Mrs. Juanita Gorgona to view at their earliest convenience.
This study examines the impact of road dust from the Dempster Highway on nearby aquatic ecosystems in the Northwest Territories. Preliminary results show higher conductivity and pH in lakes within 5km of the highway, indicating dust is impacting water chemistry. A snow survey found dust travelling over 100m from the road. Future work includes deploying dust traps and collecting more snow samples to better understand dust dispersal. Analyzing sediment cores will provide historical records of changes in water chemistry and algal communities corresponding to highway construction. This research aims to inform regulatory decisions by quantifying dust impacts on small arctic lakes and ponds.
La cantante Jennifer Lopez, de 44 años, nació en Estados Unidos en 1969. Se desempeña como cantante, bailarina, actriz, diseñadora de modas, empresaria y más. Vive con su esposo Casper Smart y sus hijos Emme, Max y Marc Anthony. Algunos de sus logros incluyen protagonizar la película "Mi familia" en 2001, lanzar su álbum "J.LO" ese mismo año, y convertirse en la primera persona en tener el número uno simultáneamente en la taquilla de cine y en la lista de á
Inline Reference Cell for Reatime Calibration of Laser Absorption SpectrometersClinton Smith
The document discusses developing a technique for real-time calibration of portable trace-gas sensors using an in-line reference cell. It aims to differentiate between sample and reference signals based on physical parameters of the gas and wavelength modulation spectroscopy modeling. Key challenges addressed are reducing measurement drift over time. The proposed method inserts a permanent low-pressure reference cell to experience the same optical effects as the sample. Simulations and experiments show this approach can minimize cross-talk between sample and reference signals depending on parameters like pressure, modulation depth, and harmonic detection order.
Simple Steps to Improve Your Maintenance ProgramTranscat
Presented by John Bernet of Fluke Corporation, Fluke and Transcat detail the benefits of a proactive maintenance program and how it compares to historical reactive, preventive, and predictive maintenance schedules.
The document provides safety precautions and handling instructions for pyrotechnic seat belt tensioners. Only qualified personnel should perform installation, removal, testing and repair of seat belt tensioners. Undeployed tensioners must be rendered inoperable before disposal due to risk of injury. Proper protective equipment and procedures must be followed when deploying seat belt tensioners to avoid risks.
AUDI A4 B5 1.8L 1996 BADY INTERIOR 70 40 instrutment panelGherghescu Gabriel
This document provides instructions for removing and installing an instrument panel on an Audi vehicle. It describes disconnecting various components, removing bolts and brackets, and pulling the instrument panel forward. Reinstallation is the reverse of removal steps. The instrument panel must be centered once installed.
This document describes a temperature sensor circuit using an Arduino, LM35 temperature sensor, buzzer, and LED. The circuit diagram and breadboard connections are shown in figures 1 and 2. The Arduino code reads the temperature from the LM35 sensor, turns on the buzzer and LED if the temperature exceeds 28 degrees Celsius, and displays the temperature on the serial monitor. The code defines functions for reading the sensor input, turning on the buzzer, and displaying the temperature results.
The document discusses temperature sensors and describes an experiment using a resistance temperature detector (RTD) to control the heating and cooling of a medium. It defines temperature sensors and describes common types - thermometers, thermocouples, and RTDs. Thermocouples generate voltage based on the temperature difference between two dissimilar metals. RTDs change resistance with temperature according to known properties, allowing temperature calculation. The experiment uses a PT100 RTD connected to a process indicator to activate heating or cooling to maintain the medium within a set temperature range.
This document presents a non-terminal based indoor location system called PILAS that uses pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensors. The PILAS system architecture includes PIR sensors installed in each room, room terminals, and a smart home server that generates a virtual map and provides intelligent services. The PILAS system can locate residents within a room by analyzing the output patterns of overlapping PIR sensors without requiring residents to carry any devices. An experimental test bed demonstrated that the PILAS system can accurately track a resident's movements and locate them with a maximum error of less than 30 cm.
Gulyaev Yuri physical fields and radiations of a humanigorod
The document summarizes a seminar given by Acad. Prof. Yuri V. Gulyaev on new non-invasive medical diagnostic methods using physical fields and radiations emitted from the human body. It discusses how precise measurements of infrared, microwave, optical and acoustic radiations as well as electric and magnetic fields can provide information on the functioning of physiological systems and be used for early medical diagnosis before pathological changes occur. Specific diagnostic examples using remote thermography, magnetocardiography, electroimpedance tomography and laser analysis of breath samples are presented. The seminar highlights the importance of functional tomography techniques that allow doctors to monitor organ function in vivo for preventative medicine and treatment monitoring.
Empirical Mode Decomposition and Data Hiding in ECG SignalIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a method for denoising electrocardiogram (ECG) signals using empirical mode decomposition and then hiding patient data in the ECG signal.
2) ECG signals are decomposed into intrinsic mode functions using empirical mode decomposition to remove high frequency noise. An adaptive windowing technique is then used to preserve the QRS complex.
3) Patient data like temperature and blood pressure are encrypted and hidden in the denoised ECG signal using discrete wavelet transform and low-bit replacement. This allows secure access and transmission of private patient data.
The document describes the development of a low-power portable laser spectroscopic sensor for atmospheric CO2 monitoring using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, including the design of the sensor which is housed in an enclosure smaller than a shoebox, laboratory tests showing the sensor can accurately detect changing CO2 concentrations from soil and animal respiration, and field tests demonstrating the sensor's ability to measure forest floor respiration across a wireless sensor network.
This document describes a student's physics investigatory project on a laser security alarm system. It includes a certificate signed by the student's teacher, an acknowledgment section thanking those who helped with the project, and an introduction explaining that the project provides information on how a laser security alarm system works. The document outlines the components needed to build the system, provides diagrams of the circuit and experimental setup, and explains the working of the system including how it detects intruders breaking the laser beam. It also discusses potential uses of laser security systems and concludes that home security is a growing field with opportunities to improve efficiency through new technology.
This document describes a student's physics investigatory project on a laser security alarm system. It includes a certificate signed by the student's teacher, an acknowledgment section thanking those who helped with the project, and an introduction explaining that the project provides information on how a laser security alarm system works. The document outlines the components needed to build the system, provides diagrams of the circuit and experimental setup, and explains the working of the system including how it detects intruders breaking the laser beam. It also discusses potential uses of laser security systems and concludes that home security is a growing field with opportunities to improve efficiency through new technology.
Sensors are used by robots for various purposes like localization, obstacle detection, and gathering internal information. There are two main types of sensors - exteroceptors that detect external stimuli and proprioceptors that detect internal conditions. Contact sensors like touch and force sensors measure properties by physical contact while non-contact sensors like proximity sensors detect presence and position without touching. Proximity sensors can be optical, photoelectric, acoustic, or capacitive and precisely measure the distance to an object.
This document discusses various types of radiation detectors. It begins by explaining that we cannot detect ionizing radiation with our senses and require instruments. There are two main components of radiation detectors - the detector where interactions take place, and a measuring device to record interactions. Important effects used in detection include ionization, luminescence, photographic effect, thermoluminescence, and chemical and biological effects. Common types of detectors discussed include ionization chambers, proportional counters, Geiger-Muller counters, scintillation detectors, semiconductor detectors, and thermoluminescent dosimeters. The document provides details on the operation and uses of different detectors.
The document discusses different types of proximity sensors. It focuses on inductive, capacitive, and optical/photoelectric proximity sensors. For inductive sensors, it describes how they detect metallic objects using electromagnetic fields to induce eddy currents. Capacitive sensors can detect both metallic and non-metallic objects by measuring changes in capacitance. Optical proximity sensors use a light emitter and detector, and can operate in through-beam, retroreflective, or diffuse reflection modes to detect objects. Common applications of proximity sensors include mobile devices, conveyor systems, parking systems, and more.
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) is a nuclear imaging technique that produces 3D images using gamma rays emitted from radiotracers injected into the body. SPECT cameras rotate around the patient to capture 2D images that are reconstructed into cross-sectional slices. SPECT provides physiological information through functional imaging of organ systems like the heart or brain. While it has lower resolution than PET, SPECT machines are less expensive and more widely available. SPECT finds medical use in areas like myocardial perfusion imaging and evaluating thyroid or renal function.
This document discusses active vibration control of antenna reflectors using piezoelectric materials as sensors and actuators. Piezoelectric sensors detect vibrations in the antenna structure and piezoelectric actuators apply counteracting forces to reduce vibrations. The system is tested on a cantilever beam model. Simulation results show that the controlled system experiences significantly less vibration than the uncontrolled system. The method provides effective vibration reduction for precision antenna structures.
Computed tomography (CT) utilizes X-rays and computer processing to produce cross-sectional images of the body. In CT, X-rays pass through the body and are measured by a detector array, with the data used to reconstruct tomographic slices. The key components of a CT scanner include an X-ray tube, detector array, data acquisition system, computer system, and display system. CT has advantages over plain films by eliminating superimposition of structures and increasing contrast, allowing clinicians to better distinguish between tissues.
La cantante Jennifer Lopez, de 44 años, nació en Estados Unidos en 1969. Se desempeña como cantante, bailarina, actriz, diseñadora de modas, empresaria y más. Vive con su esposo Casper Smart y sus hijos Emme, Max y Marc Anthony. Algunos de sus logros incluyen protagonizar la película "Mi familia" en 2001, lanzar su álbum "J.LO" ese mismo año, y convertirse en la primera persona en tener el número uno simultáneamente en la taquilla de cine y en la lista de á
Inline Reference Cell for Reatime Calibration of Laser Absorption SpectrometersClinton Smith
The document discusses developing a technique for real-time calibration of portable trace-gas sensors using an in-line reference cell. It aims to differentiate between sample and reference signals based on physical parameters of the gas and wavelength modulation spectroscopy modeling. Key challenges addressed are reducing measurement drift over time. The proposed method inserts a permanent low-pressure reference cell to experience the same optical effects as the sample. Simulations and experiments show this approach can minimize cross-talk between sample and reference signals depending on parameters like pressure, modulation depth, and harmonic detection order.
Simple Steps to Improve Your Maintenance ProgramTranscat
Presented by John Bernet of Fluke Corporation, Fluke and Transcat detail the benefits of a proactive maintenance program and how it compares to historical reactive, preventive, and predictive maintenance schedules.
The document provides safety precautions and handling instructions for pyrotechnic seat belt tensioners. Only qualified personnel should perform installation, removal, testing and repair of seat belt tensioners. Undeployed tensioners must be rendered inoperable before disposal due to risk of injury. Proper protective equipment and procedures must be followed when deploying seat belt tensioners to avoid risks.
AUDI A4 B5 1.8L 1996 BADY INTERIOR 70 40 instrutment panelGherghescu Gabriel
This document provides instructions for removing and installing an instrument panel on an Audi vehicle. It describes disconnecting various components, removing bolts and brackets, and pulling the instrument panel forward. Reinstallation is the reverse of removal steps. The instrument panel must be centered once installed.
This document describes a temperature sensor circuit using an Arduino, LM35 temperature sensor, buzzer, and LED. The circuit diagram and breadboard connections are shown in figures 1 and 2. The Arduino code reads the temperature from the LM35 sensor, turns on the buzzer and LED if the temperature exceeds 28 degrees Celsius, and displays the temperature on the serial monitor. The code defines functions for reading the sensor input, turning on the buzzer, and displaying the temperature results.
The document discusses temperature sensors and describes an experiment using a resistance temperature detector (RTD) to control the heating and cooling of a medium. It defines temperature sensors and describes common types - thermometers, thermocouples, and RTDs. Thermocouples generate voltage based on the temperature difference between two dissimilar metals. RTDs change resistance with temperature according to known properties, allowing temperature calculation. The experiment uses a PT100 RTD connected to a process indicator to activate heating or cooling to maintain the medium within a set temperature range.
This document presents a non-terminal based indoor location system called PILAS that uses pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensors. The PILAS system architecture includes PIR sensors installed in each room, room terminals, and a smart home server that generates a virtual map and provides intelligent services. The PILAS system can locate residents within a room by analyzing the output patterns of overlapping PIR sensors without requiring residents to carry any devices. An experimental test bed demonstrated that the PILAS system can accurately track a resident's movements and locate them with a maximum error of less than 30 cm.
Gulyaev Yuri physical fields and radiations of a humanigorod
The document summarizes a seminar given by Acad. Prof. Yuri V. Gulyaev on new non-invasive medical diagnostic methods using physical fields and radiations emitted from the human body. It discusses how precise measurements of infrared, microwave, optical and acoustic radiations as well as electric and magnetic fields can provide information on the functioning of physiological systems and be used for early medical diagnosis before pathological changes occur. Specific diagnostic examples using remote thermography, magnetocardiography, electroimpedance tomography and laser analysis of breath samples are presented. The seminar highlights the importance of functional tomography techniques that allow doctors to monitor organ function in vivo for preventative medicine and treatment monitoring.
Empirical Mode Decomposition and Data Hiding in ECG SignalIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a method for denoising electrocardiogram (ECG) signals using empirical mode decomposition and then hiding patient data in the ECG signal.
2) ECG signals are decomposed into intrinsic mode functions using empirical mode decomposition to remove high frequency noise. An adaptive windowing technique is then used to preserve the QRS complex.
3) Patient data like temperature and blood pressure are encrypted and hidden in the denoised ECG signal using discrete wavelet transform and low-bit replacement. This allows secure access and transmission of private patient data.
The document describes the development of a low-power portable laser spectroscopic sensor for atmospheric CO2 monitoring using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, including the design of the sensor which is housed in an enclosure smaller than a shoebox, laboratory tests showing the sensor can accurately detect changing CO2 concentrations from soil and animal respiration, and field tests demonstrating the sensor's ability to measure forest floor respiration across a wireless sensor network.
This document describes a student's physics investigatory project on a laser security alarm system. It includes a certificate signed by the student's teacher, an acknowledgment section thanking those who helped with the project, and an introduction explaining that the project provides information on how a laser security alarm system works. The document outlines the components needed to build the system, provides diagrams of the circuit and experimental setup, and explains the working of the system including how it detects intruders breaking the laser beam. It also discusses potential uses of laser security systems and concludes that home security is a growing field with opportunities to improve efficiency through new technology.
This document describes a student's physics investigatory project on a laser security alarm system. It includes a certificate signed by the student's teacher, an acknowledgment section thanking those who helped with the project, and an introduction explaining that the project provides information on how a laser security alarm system works. The document outlines the components needed to build the system, provides diagrams of the circuit and experimental setup, and explains the working of the system including how it detects intruders breaking the laser beam. It also discusses potential uses of laser security systems and concludes that home security is a growing field with opportunities to improve efficiency through new technology.
Sensors are used by robots for various purposes like localization, obstacle detection, and gathering internal information. There are two main types of sensors - exteroceptors that detect external stimuli and proprioceptors that detect internal conditions. Contact sensors like touch and force sensors measure properties by physical contact while non-contact sensors like proximity sensors detect presence and position without touching. Proximity sensors can be optical, photoelectric, acoustic, or capacitive and precisely measure the distance to an object.
This document discusses various types of radiation detectors. It begins by explaining that we cannot detect ionizing radiation with our senses and require instruments. There are two main components of radiation detectors - the detector where interactions take place, and a measuring device to record interactions. Important effects used in detection include ionization, luminescence, photographic effect, thermoluminescence, and chemical and biological effects. Common types of detectors discussed include ionization chambers, proportional counters, Geiger-Muller counters, scintillation detectors, semiconductor detectors, and thermoluminescent dosimeters. The document provides details on the operation and uses of different detectors.
The document discusses different types of proximity sensors. It focuses on inductive, capacitive, and optical/photoelectric proximity sensors. For inductive sensors, it describes how they detect metallic objects using electromagnetic fields to induce eddy currents. Capacitive sensors can detect both metallic and non-metallic objects by measuring changes in capacitance. Optical proximity sensors use a light emitter and detector, and can operate in through-beam, retroreflective, or diffuse reflection modes to detect objects. Common applications of proximity sensors include mobile devices, conveyor systems, parking systems, and more.
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) is a nuclear imaging technique that produces 3D images using gamma rays emitted from radiotracers injected into the body. SPECT cameras rotate around the patient to capture 2D images that are reconstructed into cross-sectional slices. SPECT provides physiological information through functional imaging of organ systems like the heart or brain. While it has lower resolution than PET, SPECT machines are less expensive and more widely available. SPECT finds medical use in areas like myocardial perfusion imaging and evaluating thyroid or renal function.
This document discusses active vibration control of antenna reflectors using piezoelectric materials as sensors and actuators. Piezoelectric sensors detect vibrations in the antenna structure and piezoelectric actuators apply counteracting forces to reduce vibrations. The system is tested on a cantilever beam model. Simulation results show that the controlled system experiences significantly less vibration than the uncontrolled system. The method provides effective vibration reduction for precision antenna structures.
Computed tomography (CT) utilizes X-rays and computer processing to produce cross-sectional images of the body. In CT, X-rays pass through the body and are measured by a detector array, with the data used to reconstruct tomographic slices. The key components of a CT scanner include an X-ray tube, detector array, data acquisition system, computer system, and display system. CT has advantages over plain films by eliminating superimposition of structures and increasing contrast, allowing clinicians to better distinguish between tissues.
14 A Profibus-based Control System for Nuclear Physics Applications - The 6th...Cristian Randieri PhD
A Profibus-based Control System for Nuclear Physics Applications - The 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics SCI 2002, July 2002, Orlando, Florida
di O. Mirabella, V. Bellini, C. Randieri, C. Spitale
Abstract
In this paper we present the results of implementation of a remote control system based on ProFiBus technologies used for the remote control of experimental nuclear physics apparata. Remote control makes experiment handling more flexible, eliminating any problems originating from the need for direct access to the systems being controlled. In the paper we describe two different applications. The first application of the ProFiBus is the remote control of a multidetector (made up of a bidimensional array of CsI scintillators) used to detect light nuclear particles, as protons and/or light ions. In the second application, we present an implementation of the control of a vacuum system suitable for a special chamber used for the development and testing of particle detectors operating in vacuum conditions.
App019 en measuring-system-strip-position-monitoring-coating-tankISATECK
Eddy current displacement sensors are used to monitor the position of a thin sheet passing through an electrolytic coating tank. Nine sensors on each of two measuring bars precisely guide the sheet and measure its position between the bars. Actuators then adjust the position of the tank's anodes according to the sheet's geometry to minimize electrical losses and ensure an even coating. The eddy current sensors offer non-contact, wear-free displacement measurement suitable for use in industrial environments.
Wss Paper Integrated Underwater Surveillance Systemgamlehaugen
The document summarizes an integrated underwater surveillance system consisting of new active and passive sonar systems. The LASAR 40 active sonar system can detect divers out to 1100 meters, longer than standard diver detection sonars. It operates between 30-45 kHz for optimal performance in ports. The system takes a layered approach to surveillance across multiple zones and can detect and track both divers and marine mammals like dolphins.
The document discusses various digital x-ray imaging technologies including computed radiography (CR), charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors, flat panel detectors using thin-film transistor (TFT) arrays, and scintillator-based indirect detection systems. CR uses photostimulable phosphor plates that store x-ray energy, which is later read out using laser stimulation to produce a digital image. Flat panel detectors directly convert x-rays to electrical signals or use indirect conversion with scintillators. Technique factors like voltage, current and exposure time affect image quality and patient dose in digital radiography.
Different types of imaging devices and principles.pptxAayushiPaul1
Digital radiography uses digital image receptors instead of film. Large digital radiographic images require significant storage space, network bandwidth, and high-resolution monitors. Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) provide economical storage and access to medical images across systems using DICOM standards. Common digital x-ray technologies include computed radiography, direct radiography using CCDs or flat panel detectors, and direct detection flat panel systems which directly convert x-rays to electron-hole pairs.
The ALMDS laser system is designed to detect naval mines from helicopters. It uses a diode-pumped solid-state laser operating at 532nm integrated into an external pod. The laser transmitter unit and electronics unit undergo military-standard testing for environmental extremes. The laser operates at 350Hz pulse repetition frequency, delivering 45W average power. Precise temperature control is required for consistent doubling of the laser light to 532nm for underwater imaging.
This document discusses various types of radiation detectors. It begins by explaining the need for detectors to measure ionizing radiation since our senses cannot detect it. The key detection methods discussed are ionization, luminescence, photographic effect, thermoluminescence, chemical effect, and biological effect. Specific detector types covered in detail include gas-filled detectors like ionization chambers and Geiger counters, scintillation detectors, semiconductor detectors, and dosimeters. The document provides information on how each type of detector works and its applications.
Similar to Co2 Sensor Temp Stability Analysis (20)
Laser-Based Standoff Methane Sensors for Enhancing Coal Miner SafetyClinton Smith
This presentation shows a demonstration of the PSI & Heath Consultants Remote Methane Leak Detector (RMLD) being applied to remote detection of methane within coal mines to supplement existing technology to further enhance coal miner safety.
Compact Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor for Sterilization Cycle MonitoringClinton Smith
Physical Sciences Inc. developed a compact hydrogen peroxide sensor using photoacoustic spectroscopy to monitor sterilization cycles. Strict limits on residual vapor phase hydrogen peroxide require detection down to 10 parts per billion, challenging with current technology. Through spectroscopic modeling and acoustic resonator optimization, the sensor achieves a detection limit of approximately 32 parts per billion of hydrogen peroxide in 10,000 parts per million of water vapor interference. Experimental results validate the sensor performance compared to an industry standard. The low-cost, field-deployable sensor will aid pharmaceutical manufacturing in ensuring sterile conditions.
High-accuracy laser spectrometers for wireless trace-gas sensor networksClinton Smith
The document outlines Clinton J. Smith's final public oral exam for his dissertation on developing laser spectrometers for wireless trace gas sensor networks. The dissertation aims to develop CO2 sensors for deployment in a real-time sensor network to monitor carbon fluxes over a broad area. The outline includes development of a wireless laser spectroscopic sensor node for atmospheric CO2 monitoring, quantifying and improving the accuracy of wireless sensor network nodes, developing a solar-powered distributed wireless CO2 monitoring network, techniques for real-time calibration, and conclusions. Laboratory and field tests show the sensors can accurately measure CO2 concentrations with precision below 1% and linear response over large concentration ranges.
A rotational reference cell for high-accuracy real-time spectroscopic trace-g...Clinton Smith
This document summarizes a technique for real-time calibration of portable trace-gas sensors using a rotating in-line gas cell. Key challenges addressed are measurement drift over time from factors like optical instability. Traditional calibration methods lack portability or require separate reference cells. The presented method uses a single gas cell with three sub-cells that rotate between a reference gas, sample gas, and empty cell. Dividing the sample and reference signals by the empty background cell suppresses parasitic interference fringes. Spectral correlation of reference and sample signals over time provides real-time calibration and improved precision without needing wavelength calibration. Future work aims to address detector non-linearity and minimize background signals for field deployment of the calibration technique.
A Solar-powered, TDMA Distributed Wireless Network for Trace-gas MonitoringClinton Smith
This document summarizes a presentation on developing a solar-powered wireless sensor network for monitoring trace gases like carbon dioxide (CO2). Key points:
1) The network uses tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy sensors with herriott cells and wireless nodes to measure CO2 at various locations around Princeton University.
2) Field tests captured localized CO2 variations at different nodes and validated measurements against commercial sensors.
3) The autonomous solar-powered sensor nodes can help characterize diverse CO2 sources and sinks better than conventional techniques.
4) Future work includes implementing multi-hop networking for wider coverage and exploring 3G connections between nodes.
This document discusses using a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) as an optical clock source for atomic clocks. It aims to create a more power efficient and compact atomic clock by replacing microwave components with a self-oscillating VCSEL. The VCSEL's polarization self-switching property allows it to act as an oscillator. Changing the VCSEL's drive current can tune the self-oscillation frequency by altering the cavity phase, as represented by the heterodyne beatnote between orthogonal polarization modes. Rotating a quarter wave plate in the external cavity feedback loop can also tune the frequency. Calculations match experiments showing frequency tuning from varying the birefringence and quarter wave plate offset angle.
Low-power Portable Laser Spectroscopic Sensor for Atmospheric CO2 MonitoringClinton Smith
This document summarizes the development of a portable, low-power laser spectroscopic sensor for atmospheric CO2 monitoring. Key points:
- The sensor uses tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) inside a protective enclosure to measure CO2 concentrations with high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability.
- Lab tests show the sensor can detect CO2 concentrations with 0.113 ppm sensitivity and 5.1x10-7 ultimate minimum detectable absorption. Field tests compare well to commercial sensors.
- Future work will improve thermal stability and develop an open path design and sensor network for broad-scale carbon flux monitoring.
CLEO 2009: High Frequency Polarization Switching VCSEL Clock Using Subwavelength Quarter-Wave Plate
by:
Clinton J. Smith, Wen-Di Li, Shufeng Bai, and Stephen Y. Chou
1. Temperature Impact on the Long-Term Stability
of a Portable Laser Spectroscopic CO2 Sensor
Clinton J. Smith,1 Stephen So,1 Amir Khan,2 Mark A. Zondlo2, and Gerard Wysocki1
1 – Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
2 – Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
Motivation System Configuration Temperature Controlled Environment
The CO2 impact on the atmospheric greenhouse 24 cm Temperature Controlled Vessel
effect requires global and local monitoring capability
which would greatly benefit from availability of
sensors that are lightweight, portable, robust, and
highly sensitive and selective .
Both sensor board and optical
For study of the Carbon Cycle, these sensors should system are placed in the
The sensor board is placed outside
while the optical system is placed
also be low-power/battery operated and capable of temperature controlled inside the temperature controlled
being wirelessly networked and autonomous. Left: CO2 sensor as seen from top. environment. environment.
The total size is less than that of a shoebox.
These sensors are expected to maintain a high degree Right: Schematic of optical configuration and electrical control systems.
of long-term stability in the field, despite changing • We use two additional TEC’s placed near the
environmental conditions. heat-sinks of the VCSEL and the photodector
All Inside, Line-
All Outside, Gimbal
Locking (as shown above) to perturb the local
temperature of the system. The detector shows
Background no response to the perturbation, while the
~0.64 ppm
VCSEL heat-sink temperature perturbation
We have built a laser spectroscopic sensor for CO2 ~0.29 ppm
1x10-5 UMDL Cell Inside, Constant
Temperature
strongly affects the 2f signal!
detection and demonstrated its performance in All Outside, Fixed CO2 Sensor Allan Variance
preliminary laboratory and field tests [1].
These tests revealed a temperature induced drift
affecting the long term performance of the sensor. Cell Inside, 2x
Over-Modulation
Here we studied and identified the temperature All Outside, 2x
sensitive components by performing tests in a well- Over-Modulation 1.5x10 -6 UMDL
controlled environment.
Cell Inside, Line-
The temperature correlation of multiple sensor Locking
parameters is quantified to investigate the sensor
drift sources.
Temperature-drift Correlation Summary and Future Directions
While our portable CO2 laser spectroscopic sensor has
• Allan variance plots of long term concentration measurements in shown good short-term performance [1], it also has
different environments are used to determine temperature-sensitive evident temperature induced stability issues.
sensor components. Temperature induced drift has been traced to impact
• Allan variance of long term concentration measurements allows quantifying mostly the laser performance through variations in the
the sensor stability. Sensor performance outside the temperature controlled laser heat-sink temperature.
0.21 °C 0.12 °C
environment experiences long-term drift. Inside the temperature controlled A two-stage TEC for the laser would ameliorate this
source of drift, but at the cost of increase power
• Only 0.21 C of ambient • 0.12 C change in environment, long-term drift is largely eliminated. Also note, by reducing
temperature does not
consumption.
temperature change is sensitivity to the temperature drift through WMS over-modulation the short-
sufficient to influence VCSEL influence 2f signal. Currently we are developing a real-time calibration
stability and thus 2f signal. • The R2 correlation between term (1 second) system sensitivity improves by 17-62 % to ~0.24ppm (1 ). method as the most reliable solution for sensor drift
• The R2 correlation between temperature and 2f
temperature and 2f signal is amplitude is 0.0049 and
problems.
0.8813. no significant influence is This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant
No.EEC0540832, an NSF MRI award #0723190 for the openPHOTONS systems, and National References: [1] C. J. Smith, S. So, and G. Wysocki, "Low-Power Portable Laser
observed. Spectroscopic Sensor for Atmospheric CO2Monitoring," in
Science Foundation Grant No. 0903661 “Nanotechnology for Clean Energy IGERT.” Conference on Laser Electro-Optics: Applications, JThB4.