The document discusses the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States from 1945 to 1990, marked by ideological conflict between capitalism and communism without direct military engagement. Key events include the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, along with the Cold War's conclusion in 1990 following the Soviet Union's defeat in Afghanistan. It also outlines the resurgence of tensions in a 'Second Cold War' from 2007, driven by missile systems in Eastern Europe and geopolitical maneuvers by the U.S. and Russia.