The document discusses how cognitive IoT platforms can enable smart factories. It notes that increasing demand for customization is driving Industry 4.0 trends. It then provides examples of how IBM's cognitive IoT platform gathers data, visualizes patterns, performs analytics, and infuses solutions with cognitive capabilities. Specific use cases discussed include predictive quality inspection, field advisors, and virtual/augmented reality applications. The platform aims to drive both operational excellence internally and new revenue streams externally for manufacturers.