Project

1. COFFEE
University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
Bucharest
Management College I.M.A.P.A
Teacher: Mihai Frumuselu

2. Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans,
which are the seeds of berries from the Coffea plant.
The genus Coffea is native to tropical Africa, and
Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius and Réunion in the
Indian Ocean.
The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the
world and coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries,
primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast
Asia, India, and Africa.

3. The first reference to coffee in the English language is in
the form chaona, dated to 1598 and understood to be a
misprint of chaoua, equivalent, in the orthography of the
time, to chaova. This term and "coffee" both derive from
the Ottoman Turkish kahve, by way of the Italian caffè.

4. HISTORY
According to legend, ancestors of today's Oromo people in a region of
Kaffa in Ethiopia were believed to have been the first to recognize the
energizing effect of the coffee plant, though no direct evidence has been
found indicating where in Africa coffee grew or who among the native
populations might have used it as a stimulant or even known about it,
earlier than the 17th century.
The story of Kaldi, the 9th-century Ethiopian goatherd who discovered
coffee when he noticed how excited his goats became after eating the
beans from a coffee plant, did not appear in writing until 1671 and is
probably apocryphal.

5. BIOLOGY
All coffee plants are classified in the large family Rubiaceae. They are
evergreen shrubs or trees that may grow 5 m tall when unpruned. The
leaves are dark green and glossy, usually 10–15 cm long and 6 cm wide,
simple, entire, and opposite. Petioles of opposite leaves fuse at base to
form interpetiolar stipules, characteristic of Rubiaceae.
The flowers are axillary, and clusters of fragrant white flowers bloom
simultaneously. Gynoecium consists of inferior ovary, also characteristic
of Rubiaceae. The flowers are followed by oval berries of about 1.5 cm
(0.6 in). When immature they are green, and they ripen to yellow, then
crimson, before turning black on drying. Each berry usually contains two
seeds, but 5–10% of the berries have only one; these are called
peaberries.

6. SALE AND
DISTRIBUTION
Coffee ingestion on average is about a third of that of tap water in North
America and Europe. Worldwide, 6 million metric tons of coffee were
produced annually in 1998–2000, and the forecast is a rise to seven million
metric tons annually by 2010.
Brazil remains the largest coffee exporting nation, however Vietnam
tripled its exports between 1995 and 1999 and became a major producer
of robusta seeds.

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee