The Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) is a widely used software cost estimation model proposed by Barry Boehm in 1981, which predicts project parameters such as effort, cost, and team size based on lines of code and various cost drivers. It categorizes software development modes into organic, semi-detached, and embedded, each with distinct characteristics affecting duration and cost. COCOMO consists of three models: basic, intermediate, and detailed, each offering varying degrees of accuracy in estimating project effort and cost, but it has disadvantages such as reliance on assumptions and averaging.

1. Constructive Cost Model
(COCOMO Model)
Presented By:-
Rishabh Singh
Course: B.Tech(C.S.E.)
Section:CS37
Roll. NO.: 1210432262

2. Constructive Cost Model
 Cocomo model was proposed by Barry Boehm in 1981.
Cocomo model is the most widely used software cost estimation
model.
Cocomo model is a regression based model , used for reliably
predicting the parameters associated with making a project such as
effort , cost , team size.
This model provides the value of parameters based on LOC i.e. number
of lines of code and various cost drivers.

3. Software Development Mode
• The most important factor contributing to a project’s duration and
cost is software development mode.
• Based on the nature of software and development team development
mode is classified into three types.
1. Organic mode
2. Semi-detached mode
3. Embedded mode

4. Organic Mode
• Project team is small and have to work in familiar environment.
• Well understood application programs or similar to previously developed
programs are developed.
• Little innovation required.
• Only few constraints and deadline is not too strict.
Example:- Software for library management system.

5. Semi-detached mode
• Project team consist of mixture of experienced and inexperienced staff.
• Software of medium complexity are developed.
• Some creativity and innovation is required.
• Some constraints and deadline is moderate.
Example:- development of compiler system.

6. Embedded mode
• The software is strongly coupled with hardware.
• Team size is large.
• High level of creativity and innovation is required.
• Strict constraint and deadline.
Example:- ATM machine software

7. Types of COCOMO model
COCOMO is defined in terms of 3 different model.

8. Basic Cocomo
• Simple and static cost estimation model.
• Provides rough estimate of effort and duration.

9. Continued…
• Basic cocomo model works for organic , semi- detached and
embedded mode.
Value of coefficients used in each mode
Software Projects
Mode
a b c d
Organic 2.4 1.05 2.5 0.38
Semi-detached 3.0 1.12 2.5 0.35
Embedded 3.6 1.20 2.5 0.32

10. Intermediate cocomo
• Advance form of basic cocomo.
• It refines effort and duration by considering additional factor such as
product attribute and hardware constraints.

11. Detailed cocomo
• It is the most accurate model which divide whole project into multiple
modules.
• Estimates effort and duration for each module using intermediate
cocomo model and sums them up.
• It consider software reuse , hardware constraints in cost estimation.
• It is used in large project where high cost is involved.

12. Advantage of cocomo model
• Provides systematic way to estimate effort and cost.
• Helps in evaluating the feasibility of a software by estimating cost and
effort.
• Helps in identifying the factors which have greater impact on cost and
effort in software project.

13. Disadvantage of cocomo model
• It does not estimate precise result because it is based on assumptions
and averages.
• It uses size of software as the main factor for estimating effort and
cost , which may not always be the case.

14. THANK YOU