1. The Copenhagen Accord was agreed to by heads of state and governments at the 2009 UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen.
2. It recognizes the need to limit global temperature rise to below 2 degrees Celsius and the scientific view that deep cuts in global emissions are required. It establishes goals for Annex I countries to implement emissions targets and developing countries to undertake mitigation actions.
3. Developed countries commit to provide $30 billion in fast-start climate financing for 2010-2012 and aim to mobilize $100 billion per year by 2020, to help developing countries take climate action. A Copenhagen Green Climate Fund will be established.
Recognizing that climate change represents an urgent and potentially irreversible threat to human societies and the planet and thus requires the widest possible cooperation by all countries, and their participation in an effective and appropriate international response, with a view to accelerating the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions, and need for reductions in global emissions as a common concern of humankind, World Leaders in terms of global annual emissions of greenhouse gases by 2020 and aggregate emission pathways consistent with holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above preindustrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C,
Also emphasizing that enhanced pre‐2020 ambition can lay a solid foundation for enhanced post‐2020 ambition,
Stressing the urgency of accelerating the implementation of the Convention and its Kyoto Protocol in order to enhance pre-2020 ambition.Draft agreement is as Annexture to
FCCC/CP/2015/L.9
Delivered at a FAO informal meeting, this presentation highlights the opportunities and challenges in climate change mitigation, adaptation and finance for African and non-African countries.
Benin's experience on Governance and coordination in the context of the formu...NAP Events
Presentation by: Ibila Djibril
3.3 Governance and coordination
The session will discuss how countries can maintain national leadership and coordination of adaptation efforts at all levels and to act as the main interface with regional and international mechanisms. It will introduce key considerations for the creation and/or enhancement of mandate for the process to formulate and implement NAPs at the national level, and further look at the experiences from countries.
A guide to Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) by Least Deve...zubeditufail
A guide to Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) by Least Developed Countries (LDCs) for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Unveiling the Potential of Market Based Mechanism Implementation in IndonesiaDicky Edwin Hindarto
The market based mechanism will play significant role in the implementation of Paris Agreement. This presentation try to explore the potential of the market based implementation in Indonesia with Thailand and Chile as case studies.
Recognizing that climate change represents an urgent and potentially irreversible threat to human societies and the planet and thus requires the widest possible cooperation by all countries, and their participation in an effective and appropriate international response, with a view to accelerating the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions, and need for reductions in global emissions as a common concern of humankind, World Leaders in terms of global annual emissions of greenhouse gases by 2020 and aggregate emission pathways consistent with holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above preindustrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C,
Also emphasizing that enhanced pre‐2020 ambition can lay a solid foundation for enhanced post‐2020 ambition,
Stressing the urgency of accelerating the implementation of the Convention and its Kyoto Protocol in order to enhance pre-2020 ambition.Draft agreement is as Annexture to
FCCC/CP/2015/L.9
Delivered at a FAO informal meeting, this presentation highlights the opportunities and challenges in climate change mitigation, adaptation and finance for African and non-African countries.
Benin's experience on Governance and coordination in the context of the formu...NAP Events
Presentation by: Ibila Djibril
3.3 Governance and coordination
The session will discuss how countries can maintain national leadership and coordination of adaptation efforts at all levels and to act as the main interface with regional and international mechanisms. It will introduce key considerations for the creation and/or enhancement of mandate for the process to formulate and implement NAPs at the national level, and further look at the experiences from countries.
A guide to Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) by Least Deve...zubeditufail
A guide to Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) by Least Developed Countries (LDCs) for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Unveiling the Potential of Market Based Mechanism Implementation in IndonesiaDicky Edwin Hindarto
The market based mechanism will play significant role in the implementation of Paris Agreement. This presentation try to explore the potential of the market based implementation in Indonesia with Thailand and Chile as case studies.
Par JULIEN G. – Le samedi 13 novembre 2021, la COP26 a adopté un "pacte de Glasgow" destiné à accélérer la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique, mais sans assurer de le contenir à 1,5°C ni répondre aux demandes d'aide des pays pauvres. La Cop 26 restera aussi comme un Davos bis avec ses 400 atterrissages de jets privés avec une présence américaine frappante.
The Copenhagen Agreement is a document that delegates at the 15th session of the Conference of Parties (COP 15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed to "take note of" at the final plenary on 18 December 2009.
The Accord, drafted by, on the one hand, the United States and on the other, in a united position as the BASIC countries (China, India, South Africa, and Brazil), is not legally binding and does not commit countries to agree to a binding successor to the Kyoto Protocol, whose round ended in 2012.
General International Trends and Efforts in Coping with Climate ChangeICF
Renato Roldao, ICF’s Carbon Trading and Climate Change expert, addresses supporting the Design and Implementation of Emissions Trading Systems in China. Roldao examines the international as well as the domestic context for climate change programs.
http://bit.ly/1sPPmPl
Research paper-nepal-s-position-paper-for-the-en-negotiations-cop15-by-shreed...Shreedeep Rayamajhi
This research paper is a country representation paper for Nepal prepared on Climate change diplomacy talks. It deals with the major condition and climate change theories
La COP di Lima si svolgerà in un continente formato da paesi in via di sviluppo che hanno già sperimentato gli effetti devastanti del cambiamento climatico attraverso inondazioni, fusione dei ghiacciai ed eventi meteorologici estremi. E’ anche un continente in cui sono state poste in essere azioni forti per affrontare il cambiamento climatico.
“Questo dovrebbe indurre tutti i paesi a essere pronti nel mettere da parte i propri interessi nazionali e agire nell'interesse del Pianeta ", conclude Midulla.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
1. Advance unedited version
Decision -/CP.15
The Conference of the Parties,
Takes note of the Copenhagen Accord of 18 December 2009.
2. Copenhagen Accord
The Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers, and other heads of the
following delegations present at the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009
in Copenhagen: [List of Parties]
In pursuit of the ultimate objective of the Convention as stated in its Article 2,
Being guided by the principles and provisions of the Convention,
Noting the results of work done by the two Ad hoc Working Groups,
Endorsing decision x/CP.15 on the Ad hoc Working Group on Long-term
Cooperative Action and decision x/CMP.5 that requests the Ad hoc Working Group on
Further Commitments of Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol to continue its work,
Have agreed on this Copenhagen Accord which is operational immediately.
1. We underline that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our
time. We emphasise our strong political will to urgently combat climate change in
accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective
capabilities. To achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention to stabilize greenhouse gas
concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic
interference with the climate system, we shall, recognizing the scientific view that the
increase in global temperature should be below 2 degrees Celsius, on the basis ofequity and in
the context of sustainable development, enhance our long-term cooperative action to combat
climate change. We recognize the critical impacts of climate change and the potential impacts
of response measures on countries particularly vulnerable to its adverse effects and stress the
need to establish a comprehensive adaptation programme including international support.
2. We agree that deep cuts in global emissions are required according to
science, and as documented by the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report with a view to reduce
global emissions so as to hold the increase in global temperature below 2 degrees Celsius, and
take action to meet this objective consistent with science and on the basis of equity. We
should cooperate in achieving the peaking of global and national emissions as soon as
possible, recognizing that the time frame for peaking will be longer in developing countries
and bearing in mind that social and economic development and poverty eradication are the
first and overriding priorities of developing countries and that a low-emission development
strategy is indispensable to sustainable development.
3. Adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change and the potential impacts
of response measures is a challenge faced by all countries. Enhanced action and international
cooperation on adaptation is urgently required to ensure the implementation of the
Convention by enabling and supporting the implementation of adaptation actions aimed at
reducing vulnerability and building resilience in developing countries, especially in those that
are particularly vulnerable, especially least developed countries, small island developing
States and Africa. We agree that developed countries shall provide adequate, predictable and
sustainable financial resources, technology and capacity-building to support the
implementation of adaptation action in developing countries.
4. Annex I Parties commit to implement individually or jointly the quantified
economy-wide emissions targets for 2020, to be submitted in the format given in Appendix I
by Annex I Parties to the secretariat by 31 January 2010 for compilation in an INF document.
Annex I Parties that are Party to the Kyoto Protocol will thereby further strengthen the
emissions reductions initiated by the Kyoto Protocol. Delivery of reductions and financing by
3. developed countries will be measured, reported and verified in accordance with existing and
any further guidelines adopted by the Conference of the Parties, and will ensure that
accounting of such targets and finance is rigorous, robust and transparent.
5. Non-Annex I Parties to the Convention will implement mitigation actions,
including those to be submitted to the secretariat by non-Annex I Parties in the format given
in Appendix II by
31 January 2010, for compilation in an INF document, consistent with Article 4.1 and Article
4.7 and in the context of sustainable development. Least developed countries and small island
developing States may undertake actions voluntarily and on the basis of support. Mitigation
actions subsequently taken and envisaged by Non-Annex I Parties, including national
inventory reports, shall be communicated through national communications consistent with
Article 12.1(b) every two years on the basis of guidelines to be adopted by the Conference of
the Parties. Those mitigation actions in national communications or otherwise communicated
to the Secretariat will be added to the list in appendix II. Mitigation actions taken by Non-
Annex I Parties will be subject to their domestic measurement, reporting and verification the
result of which will be reported through their national communications every two years. Non-
Annex I Parties will communicate information on the implementation of their actions through
National Communications, with provisions for international consultations and analysis under
clearly defined guidelines that will ensure that national sovereignty is respected. Nationally
appropriate mitigation actions seeking international support will be recorded in a registry
along with relevant technology, finance and capacity building support. Those actions
supported will be added to the list in appendix II. These supported nationally appropriate
mitigation actions will be subject to international measurement, reporting and verification in
accordance with guidelines adopted by the Conference of the Parties.
6. We recognize the crucial role of reducing emission from deforestation and
forest degradation and the need to enhance removals of greenhouse gas emission by forests
and agree on the need to provide positive incentives to such actions through the immediate
establishment of a mechanism including REDD-plus, to enable the mobilization of financial
resources from developed countries.
7. We decide to pursue various approaches, including opportunities to use
markets, to enhance the cost-effectiveness of, and to promote mitigation actions. Developing
countries, especially those with low emitting economies should be provided incentives to
continue to develop on a low emission pathway.
8. Scaled up, new and additional, predictable and adequate funding as well as
improved access shall be provided to developing countries, in accordance with the relevant
provisions of the Convention, to enable and support enhanced action on mitigation, including
substantial finance to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD-
plus), adaptation, technology development and transfer and capacity-building, for enhanced
implementation of the Convention. The collective commitment by developed countries is to
provide new and additional resources, including forestry and investments through
international institutions, approaching USD 30 billion for the period 2010 – 2012 with
balanced allocation between adaptation and mitigation. Funding for adaptation will be
prioritized for the most vulnerable developing countries, such as the least developed
countries, small island developing States and Africa. In the context of meaningful mitigation
actions and transparency on implementation, developed countries commit to a goal of
mobilizing jointly USD 100 billion dollars a year by 2020 to address the needs of developing
countries. This funding will come from a wide variety of sources, public and private, bilateral
and multilateral, including alternative sources of finance. New multilateral funding for
adaptation will be delivered through effective and efficient fund arrangements, with a
governance structure providing for equal representation of developed and developing
countries. A significant portion of such funding should flow through the Copenhagen Green
Climate Fund.
4. 9. To this end, a High Level Panel will be established under the guidance of and
accountable to the Conference of the Parties to study the contribution of the potential sources
of revenue, including alternative sources of finance, towards meeting this goal.
10. We decide that the Copenhagen Green Climate Fund shall be established as
an operating entity of the financial mechanism of the Convention to support projects,
programme, policies and other activities in developing countries related to mitigation
including REDD-plus, adaptation, capacity-building, technology development and transfer.
11. In order to enhance action on development and transfer of technology we
decide to establish a Technology Mechanism to accelerate technology development and
transfer in support of action on adaptation and mitigation that will be guided by a country-
driven approach and be based on national circumstances and priorities.
12. We call for an assessment of the implementation of this Accord to be
completed by 2015, including in light of the Convention’s ultimate objective. This would
include consideration of strengthening the long-term goal referencing various matters
presented by the science, including in relation to temperature rises of 1.5 degrees Celsius.
5. APPENDIX I
Quantified economy-wide emissions targets for 2020
Annex I Parties Quantified economy-wide emissions targets for 2020
Emissions reduction in 2020 Base year