CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION

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M.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY (MEERUT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ). IMMUNOLOGY. CDs are cell surface molecules expressed on leulocytes and other cells. CDs acts often as ligands or receptors (the molecule that activates the receptors) important to cell. a single cascade is usually initiated , altering the behaviour of cell. some CDs protien do not plaay role in cell signaling , but have oher functions , such as cell adhesion . there are approximately 250different proteins. reactivity of most common antibodies (CD MARKERS)used in flow cymetric evaluatin of hematolymphoid neoplasms.

Science

ASSIGNMENT
Subject code : GM -302
Subject name :
Regarding :
Class:
IMMUNOLOGY
CLUSTER OF
DIFFERENTIATION
M.Sc. Microbiology ||nd
year
submitted to
submitted by
Ms. Nikita ma'am
Anjali Sharma

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Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to resist the effects of antibiotics, a type of drug - such as penicillin or ciprofloxacin - that kills or stops the growth of bacteria. When bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, it makes it more difficult to treat diseases caused by those bacteria and limits the treatment options. Alternative treatments may be costly and, in some cases, toxic.

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Bioprocess engineering, also biochemical engineering, is a specialization of chemical engineering or Biological engineering, It deals with the design and development of equipment and processes for the manufacturing of products such as agriculture, food, feed, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, chemicals, and polymers and paper from biological materials & treatment of waste water. Bioprocess engineering is a conglomerate of mathematics, biology and industrial design, and consists of various spectrums like designing of bioreactors, study of fermentors (mode of operations etc.). It also deals with studying various biotechnological processes used in industries for large scale production of biological product for optimization of yield in the end product and the quality of end product. Bioprocess engineering may include the work of mechanical, electrical, and industrial engineers to apply principles of their disciplines to processes based on using living cells or sub component of such cells.

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CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION

1. ASSIGNMENT Subject code : GM -302 Subject name : Regarding : Class: IMMUNOLOGY CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION M.Sc. Microbiology ||nd year submitted to submitted by Ms. Nikita ma'am Anjali Sharma

2. INTRODUCTION

6. NOMENCLATURE

8. MARKERS

10.

11.

12.

13. FUNCTIONS

14.

15.

16. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS