This document discusses SSL/TLS protocols and how to set up your own certificate authority (CA) or use Let's Encrypt for free SSL certificates.
It provides a brief history of SSL and TLS protocols, outlines the key differences between versions, and lists common TLS implementations like OpenSSL. It then explains how to set up your own CA by generating root and intermediate certificates and signing server/client certificates.
Finally, it introduces Let's Encrypt as a free and automated CA that aims to promote SSL security. It explains how Let's Encrypt validates domain ownership and issues certificates to ensure communications are private, integrity is maintained, and parties can be trusted.
Let's Encrypt is a free, automated and open Certificate Authority to encourage the adoption of encrypted Internet connections. The inherent weakness of using third party CAs though, is they're able to issue certificates for any name or organisation. DANE is a protocol that allows certificates to be cryptographically bound to DNS names using DNSSEC, and this presentation also outlines how Let's Encrypt was tested with DANE records.
White paper - Full SSL automation with OneClickSSLGlobalSign
SSL Automation from application to installation
GlobalSign has designed, developed and patented OneClickSSL™, a revolutionary technology that simplifies the process from SSL application to installation with levels of automation previously considered impossible – eliminating support fees and minimizing time spent supporting customers.
Learn how the OneClickSSL technology works, the deployment options and use cases and how to generate new revenues with OneClickSSL.
Scott Rea - IoT: Taking PKI Where No PKI Has Gone BeforeDigiCert, Inc.
Presentation by Scott Rea, DigiCert's Sr. PKI Architect, at AppSec California 2015.
Abstract:
Traditional PKI focuses on binding a public key to the keyholder’s identity, which is implicitly assumed to be a well-defined, relatively static thing (such as individual’s full name or email address, or the hostname of a public webserver). However, in the envisioned smart grid, for example, the relevant properties of the keyholder are not just the device’s identity (i.e. this is a meter made by ACME or this is a refrigerator made by GE) but its context: This is a refrigerator in the apartment rented by Alice, who buys power from X.
This context information will not necessarily be known until device installation and also may change dynamically. What if Alice sells her fridge on Craigslist or sublets her apartment to Bob? What if repair personnel replace Alice’s meter? This information may also not be particularly simple. What if Alice’s landlord owns many apartment buildings, and changes power vendors to get a better rate?
If our cryptographic infrastructure is going to enable relying parties to make the right judgments about IoT devices (such as the example provided using Smart Grid), this additional contextual information needs to be available. We can try to modify a traditional identity-based PKI to attest to these more dynamic kinds of identities, and we can also try to adapt the largely experimental world of attribute certificates to supplement the identity certificates in the smart-grid PKI. Either of these approaches will break new ground.
Alternatively, we can leave the identity PKI in place and use some other method of maintaining and distributing this additional data; which would require supplementing our scalable PKI with a non-scalable database.
In any of these approaches, we also need to think about who is authorized to make these dynamic updates or who is authoritative for making these types of attestations. Who witnesses that Alice has sold her refrigerator? Thinking about this organizational structure IoT devices also complicates the revocation problem. If we can’t quite figure out who it is that speaks for where a device currently lives, how will we figure out who it is who is authorized to say it has been compromised?
In this presentation, all of these issues and more will be explored and actionable guidelines will be proposed to build a secure and scalable system of IDs and attributes for the complex networked world that awaits us all.
Implementing a Secure and Effective PKI on Windows Server 2012 R2Frank Lesniak
The infrastructure that deploys and manages digital certificates, known as a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), is often the center for cryptography in an organization. It is also in service for 10+ years, which means that one must carefully consider design options before implementation. In this presentation, Frank will cover modern standards for cryptography, how they apply to a Microsoft PKI infrastructure, and share recommendations based on he has seen in the field.
Infrastructure Saturday 2011 - Understanding PKI and Certificate Serviceskieranjacobsen
In every organization, there is a growing need for a strong well-designed public key infrastructure solution and in many of these; Active Directory Certificate Services will be used. This session will guide you through a solution based on best practice, shed some light on common issues encountered and some shortcuts to assist in management with PowerShell.
Let's Encrypt is a free, automated and open Certificate Authority to encourage the adoption of encrypted Internet connections. The inherent weakness of using third party CAs though, is they're able to issue certificates for any name or organisation. DANE is a protocol that allows certificates to be cryptographically bound to DNS names using DNSSEC, and this presentation also outlines how Let's Encrypt was tested with DANE records.
White paper - Full SSL automation with OneClickSSLGlobalSign
SSL Automation from application to installation
GlobalSign has designed, developed and patented OneClickSSL™, a revolutionary technology that simplifies the process from SSL application to installation with levels of automation previously considered impossible – eliminating support fees and minimizing time spent supporting customers.
Learn how the OneClickSSL technology works, the deployment options and use cases and how to generate new revenues with OneClickSSL.
Scott Rea - IoT: Taking PKI Where No PKI Has Gone BeforeDigiCert, Inc.
Presentation by Scott Rea, DigiCert's Sr. PKI Architect, at AppSec California 2015.
Abstract:
Traditional PKI focuses on binding a public key to the keyholder’s identity, which is implicitly assumed to be a well-defined, relatively static thing (such as individual’s full name or email address, or the hostname of a public webserver). However, in the envisioned smart grid, for example, the relevant properties of the keyholder are not just the device’s identity (i.e. this is a meter made by ACME or this is a refrigerator made by GE) but its context: This is a refrigerator in the apartment rented by Alice, who buys power from X.
This context information will not necessarily be known until device installation and also may change dynamically. What if Alice sells her fridge on Craigslist or sublets her apartment to Bob? What if repair personnel replace Alice’s meter? This information may also not be particularly simple. What if Alice’s landlord owns many apartment buildings, and changes power vendors to get a better rate?
If our cryptographic infrastructure is going to enable relying parties to make the right judgments about IoT devices (such as the example provided using Smart Grid), this additional contextual information needs to be available. We can try to modify a traditional identity-based PKI to attest to these more dynamic kinds of identities, and we can also try to adapt the largely experimental world of attribute certificates to supplement the identity certificates in the smart-grid PKI. Either of these approaches will break new ground.
Alternatively, we can leave the identity PKI in place and use some other method of maintaining and distributing this additional data; which would require supplementing our scalable PKI with a non-scalable database.
In any of these approaches, we also need to think about who is authorized to make these dynamic updates or who is authoritative for making these types of attestations. Who witnesses that Alice has sold her refrigerator? Thinking about this organizational structure IoT devices also complicates the revocation problem. If we can’t quite figure out who it is that speaks for where a device currently lives, how will we figure out who it is who is authorized to say it has been compromised?
In this presentation, all of these issues and more will be explored and actionable guidelines will be proposed to build a secure and scalable system of IDs and attributes for the complex networked world that awaits us all.
Implementing a Secure and Effective PKI on Windows Server 2012 R2Frank Lesniak
The infrastructure that deploys and manages digital certificates, known as a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), is often the center for cryptography in an organization. It is also in service for 10+ years, which means that one must carefully consider design options before implementation. In this presentation, Frank will cover modern standards for cryptography, how they apply to a Microsoft PKI infrastructure, and share recommendations based on he has seen in the field.
Infrastructure Saturday 2011 - Understanding PKI and Certificate Serviceskieranjacobsen
In every organization, there is a growing need for a strong well-designed public key infrastructure solution and in many of these; Active Directory Certificate Services will be used. This session will guide you through a solution based on best practice, shed some light on common issues encountered and some shortcuts to assist in management with PowerShell.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
F5 EMEA Webinar Oct'15: http2 how to ease the transitionDmitry Tikhovich
HTTP/2 is here. It improves the way browsers and servers communicate, allowing for faster transfer of information. Today’s websites use many different components besides standard HTML, including design elements, client-side scripting, images, video, and flash animations. To transfer that information, a browser has to create several connections, putting a huge load on both the server delivering the content and the browser, which can lead to a slowdown as more and more elements are added to a site.
A presentation about how we can make the Internet hard to monitor - how we can and should encrypt more communication. This version includes a presentation of the TLS protocol.
Changes in 2.2: Added quotes from Viktor Dukhovni's IETF RFC 7435 about Opportunistic Security
Towards Secure and Dependable Authentication and Authorization InfrastructuresDiego Kreutz
We propose a resilience architecture for improving the security and dependability of authentication and au- thorization infrastructures, in particular the ones based on RADIUS and OpenID. This architecture employs intrusion- tolerant replication, trusted components and untrusted gate- ways to provide survivable services ensuring compatibility with standard protocols. The architecture was instantiated in two prototypes, one implementing RADIUS and another implementing OpenID. These prototypes were evaluated in fault-free executions, under faults, under attack, and in diverse computing environments. The results show that, beyond being more secure and dependable, our prototypes are capable of achieving the performance requirements of enterprise environ- ments, such as IT infrastructures with more than 400k users.
1086: The SSL Problem and How to Deploy SHA2 Certificates (with Mark Myers)Gabriella Davis
Two years ago enabling your site with SSL was a simple affair, buy a certificate or create your own, install it, then just remember to renew it every couple of years. Then, suddenly security holes are being found in SSL virtually every month , popular browsers stop connecting to your site to protect themselves, and you’re continually being told your users data is at risk. In this session we will discuss how it all went wrong and can go wrong again, then go through each step of requesting, generating and deploying a 4096 SHA-2 certificate to use in a keyfile by Domino, IBM Connections, IBM Sametime and other WebSphere products. If you work with these IBM products and need to secure them with confidence this session will show you how!
Palo Alto Networks Next-Gen Firewall PANOS 5.0 integration guide with Cisco SecureACS 4 using VSA attributes.
the second section talks about how to integrate Yubikey with Palo Alto Networks firewall
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
F5 EMEA Webinar Oct'15: http2 how to ease the transitionDmitry Tikhovich
HTTP/2 is here. It improves the way browsers and servers communicate, allowing for faster transfer of information. Today’s websites use many different components besides standard HTML, including design elements, client-side scripting, images, video, and flash animations. To transfer that information, a browser has to create several connections, putting a huge load on both the server delivering the content and the browser, which can lead to a slowdown as more and more elements are added to a site.
A presentation about how we can make the Internet hard to monitor - how we can and should encrypt more communication. This version includes a presentation of the TLS protocol.
Changes in 2.2: Added quotes from Viktor Dukhovni's IETF RFC 7435 about Opportunistic Security
Towards Secure and Dependable Authentication and Authorization InfrastructuresDiego Kreutz
We propose a resilience architecture for improving the security and dependability of authentication and au- thorization infrastructures, in particular the ones based on RADIUS and OpenID. This architecture employs intrusion- tolerant replication, trusted components and untrusted gate- ways to provide survivable services ensuring compatibility with standard protocols. The architecture was instantiated in two prototypes, one implementing RADIUS and another implementing OpenID. These prototypes were evaluated in fault-free executions, under faults, under attack, and in diverse computing environments. The results show that, beyond being more secure and dependable, our prototypes are capable of achieving the performance requirements of enterprise environ- ments, such as IT infrastructures with more than 400k users.
1086: The SSL Problem and How to Deploy SHA2 Certificates (with Mark Myers)Gabriella Davis
Two years ago enabling your site with SSL was a simple affair, buy a certificate or create your own, install it, then just remember to renew it every couple of years. Then, suddenly security holes are being found in SSL virtually every month , popular browsers stop connecting to your site to protect themselves, and you’re continually being told your users data is at risk. In this session we will discuss how it all went wrong and can go wrong again, then go through each step of requesting, generating and deploying a 4096 SHA-2 certificate to use in a keyfile by Domino, IBM Connections, IBM Sametime and other WebSphere products. If you work with these IBM products and need to secure them with confidence this session will show you how!
Palo Alto Networks Next-Gen Firewall PANOS 5.0 integration guide with Cisco SecureACS 4 using VSA attributes.
the second section talks about how to integrate Yubikey with Palo Alto Networks firewall
How EverTrust Horizon PKI Automation can help your business?mirmaisam
Seamless Certificate Lifecycle Automation Hub
RNTrust presents EverTrust Horizon which extends your current PKI(s) capabilities so that you can manage certificate lifecycle automatically. Supporting various automation protocols such as ACME as well as management protocols from a wide range of third party appliances and cloud services, Horizon will take care of the issuance, renewal and revocation of certificates hosted on servers, appliances or in PaaS solutions. Seamlessly integrated in your information system, Horizon allows PKI teams to control certificate lifecycle management, while keeping service administrators in charge of the data of the certificates they need. Check out this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kurermln7nQ&t=67s
Certificate pinning in android applicationsArash Ramez
How to do cryptography right in android
Part #4 / How to mitigate MITM attacks in SSL/TLS channels using server certification validation
watch it on youtube:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLT2xIm2X7W7gZ0mtoAA8JrfFrvOKr1Qlp
I would appreciate help with these 4 questions. Thank You.1) Expla.pdfJUSTSTYLISH3B2MOHALI
I would appreciate help with these 4 questions. Thank You.
1) Explain what the following are: root certificates, self-signed certificates. Describe how they
are used. Provide some examples of each explaining how they are used. You should be able to
find examples of each on your system by looking through various options available on your
browser.
2) Provide a listing of the fields associated with a certificate of your choosing. Use the X509
definition to match the general fields of a certificate with the certificate you choose to look at.
Describe each field.
3) Your manager is considering implementing a PKI infrastructure. They are considering using
RSA encryption technology for the central part of their infrastructure. You manager would like
to know some products or services that utilize RSA encryption technology. Provide three
examples and explain how they make use of the RSA encryption technology. Provide a few
original sentences describing each of your examples.
4) Compare the functionality offered by the RSA and Diffie-Hellman algorithms.
Solution
A Root SSL certificate could be a certificate issued by a trusty certificate authority (CA).In the
SSL system, anyone will generate a language key and sign a replacement certificate therewith
signature. However, that certificate isn\'t thought-about valid unless it\'s been directly or
indirectly signed by a trusty CA.A trusty certificate authority is Associate in Nursing entity that
has been entitled to verify that somebody is effectively World Health Organization it declares to
be. so as for this model to figure, all the participants on the sport should agree on a group of CA
that they trust. All operational systems and most of net browsers ship with a group of trusty
CAs.The SSL system is predicated on a model of trust relationship, conjointly known as “chain
of trust”. once a tool validates a certificate, it compares the certificate establishment with the list
of trusty CAs. If a match isn\'t found, the shopper can then check to check if the certificate of the
supplying CA was issued by a trusty CA, so on till the tip of the certificate chain. the highest of
the chain, the basis certificate, should be issued by a trusty Certificate Authority.
Self-signed certificates or certificates issued by a non-public CAs aren\'t appropriate to be used
with the overall public.A certificate serves two essential purpose distribute the public key and
verifying the individuality of the server so guests know they aren’t sending their information to
the wrong person. It can only properly verify the identity of the server when it is signed by a
trusted third party because any attacker can create a self-signed certificate and launch a man-in-
the-middle attack. If a user just accept a self-signed certificate, an attacker could drop on all the
traffic or try to set up an imitation server to phish additional information out of the user. Because
of this, you will approximately on no account want to use a self signe.
Comparative Analysis of Open-SSL Vulnerabilities & Heartbleed Exploit DetectionCSCJournals
Since its introduction in 1994 the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol (later renamed to Transport Layer Security (TLS)) evolved to the de facto standard for securing the transport layer. SSL/TLS can be used for ensuring data confidentiality, integrity and authenticity during transport. A main feature of the protocol is its flexibility. Modes of operation and security aims can easily be configured through different cipher suites. During its evolutionary development process several flaws were found. However, the flexible architecture of SSL/TLS allowed efficient fixes in order to counter the issues. This paper presents an overview on theoretical and practical attacks of the last 20 years.
SSL is an acronym for Secure Sockets Layer. It is a protocol used for authenticating and encrypting web traffic. For web traffic to be authenticated means that your browser is able to verify the identity of the remote server.
Demystify internal certificates requirements for lync serverThomas Poett
Understand which types of certificates are required for Lync Server 2013 internal deployment. See how you can manage internal certificate. Learn how to plan and do consulting for Lync related certificates.
(17. April 2014, Update to Document Version 1.5)
(27. August 2014, Update to Document Version 1.7) - Bug in Lync Certificate Deployment Wizard. Here I described how to work around.
ER(Entity Relationship) Diagram for online shopping - TAEHimani415946
https://bit.ly/3KACoyV
The ER diagram for the project is the foundation for the building of the database of the project. The properties, datatypes, and attributes are defined by the ER diagram.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
1. Turn SSL ON: Your Own Certificate Authority - Or simply
use “Let's Encrypt”
Presenter: Ovidiu CICAL
Senior Software and Security Engineer
Cluj-Napoca - Romania
2. SSL (or TLS to be more correct since is the
most recent and secured one) is a
cryptographic protocol designed to provide
secured communications. It ensures:
Privacy (data not sent in plain);
Integrity (data has not been altered in
motion);
Trust (data belongs to the trusted source).
3. Short history (OpenSSL & Wikipedia):
SSL 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0
Developed by Netscape's engineers, SSL 1.0 never saw the
light of day due to security flows.
SSL 2.0 - Released 1995 - lasted just about one year, again
from serious security flows. In was replaced by SSL 3.0 in
1996.
In 2014, SSL 3.0 was found to be vulnerable to the
POODLE attack that affects all block ciphers in SSL; and
RC4, the only non-block cipher supported by SSL 3.0, is also
feasibly broken as used in SSL 3.0.
4. TLS 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 (draft)
TLS 1.0 - Released 1999 - an upgrade from SSL 3.0. The differences are significant enough that SSL
3.0 and TLS 1.0 don't inter-operate Some of the major differences between them are:
- MACs are different - SSL 3.0 uses a modification of an early HMAC while TLS 1.0 uses HMAC;
TLS 1.1 - Released 2006 - is an update to TLS 1.0. The major change is (along with many more):
- The Implicit Initialization Vector (IV) is replaced with an explicit IV to protect against Cipher
block chaining (CBC) attacks.
TLS 1.2 - Released 2008 - based on TLS 1.1 - contains improved flexibility and lots of security fixes.
TLS 1.3 (draft) - As of October 2015, TLS 1.3 is a working draft. Major differences from TLS 1.2 include:
- Dropped support for many insecure or obsolete features including, compression, renegotiation,
static RSA and DH key exchange, Change Cipher Spec protocol, Hello message UNIX time etc;
- Prohibition of SSL or RC4 negotiation for backwards compatibility;
- Removed support for MD5 and SHA-224 hashes with signatures;
5. TLS Implementations:
There are several TLS implementations which are free
software and open source. The most notable ones are:
OpenSSL – most common one;
LibreSSL;
MatrixSSL;
GnuTLS;
cryptlib (used in C);
Java Secure Socket Extension (JSSE from Oracle);
PolarSSL (changed name recently);
CyaSSL (changed name recently).
7. A certificate authority (CA) is an entity that signs digital
certificates. Many websites need to let their customers know
that the connection is secure, so they pay an internationally
trusted CA (eg, VeriSign, DigiCert) to sign a certificate for
their domain.
In some cases it may make more sense to act as your own
CA, rather than paying a CA like DigiCert. Common cases
include securing an intranet website, or for issuing
certificates to clients to allow them to authenticate to a
server (eg, Apache, nginx or OpenVPN).
8. Example of creating your Certificate Authority:
I will use OpenSSL for this example. The steps are really easy and the result is amazing. I have the
OpenSSL commands available for each step, if some of your are interested in implementing own CA,
just ask for them and I'll email them to you (I will append them anyway at this presentation and make it
public on the Wiki).
1. Configuration file - This is very important as you will be acting as a CA from now on, so you will do a
lot o repetitive work when generating certificates. There are lots of options in this file, documentation
from OpenSSL is very generous;
2. Create the root key - Create the root key and keep it absolutely secure. The root key can issue
trusted certificates. Encrypt the root key with AES 256-bit encryption and a strong password. Also, use
4096 for root and intermediate authority keys;
3. Create the root certificate - Use the root key to create a root certificate. Give the root certificate a long
expiry date, such as 10 or 20 years. Once the root certificate expires, all certificates signed by the CA
become invalid. Also, specify the path to your OpenSSL configuration file, otherwise will default to the
systems' one;
4. A very good practice is to issue an Intermediate CA, which will be later used in different branches of
your application(s). This way, you can keep the root key privatelly and in case of loosing the intermediate
key, you can revoke it and create a new intermediate CA. The steps to create this CA are the same as
above except that you will use root key for this;
5. Create a Certificate Chain by combining the root certificate with the intermediate certificate
concatenating them;
9. Next steps:
The next obvious step is sign server or client certificates.
This is not the purpose of this presentation, but the main
idea is that you will act as a third-party to the root CA from
now on and you will need to create your own private key and
certificate signing request (CSR).
After you have the two resources above, you will present
the CSR to the root CA generated above which will return a
signed certificate that works only with your private key and
you must add the key and signed certificate, along with the
Chain certificate to the Web Server of your choice.
11. I proposed the subject for this presentation a couple of weeks ago. A few
days ago I received from our colleague Luke a forwarded email from a
friend of ours, an OWASP Global Board member, Jim Manico.
Jim is very found of OWASP and he strongly believes we are doing the
right thing by joining OWASP and raising Information Security Awareness
I cannot agree more with him and I hope everyone joining OWASP
(either boards or meetings) thinks the same and will help spread the
word. OWASP has lots of tools to help you secure the products you
develop and the processes aside.
The subject raised in his email is about my second part of the
presentation, namely "Let's Encrypt" Service. For those of you who are
not familiar with this service, I will shortly describe it, then play a video
from their official Youtube channel.
12. Let's Encrypt is a service run by Internet Security Research Group (ISRG), a California
public benefit corporation, aiming to provide a free, automated and open certificate
authority (CA), run for the public's benefit.
The main goals of the service are:
Free: Anyone who owns a domain name can use Let’s Encrypt to obtain a trusted
certificate at zero cost.
Automatic: Software running on a web server can interact with Let’s Encrypt to painlessly
obtain a certificate, securely configure it for use, and automatically take care of renewal.
Secure: Let’s Encrypt will serve as a platform for advancing TLS security best practices,
both on the CA side and by helping site operators properly secure their servers.
Transparent: All certificates issued or revoked will be publicly recorded and available for
anyone to inspect.
Open: The automatic issuance and renewal protocol will be published as an open
standard that others can adopt.
Cooperative: Much like the underlying Internet protocols themselves, Let’s Encrypt is a
joint effort to benefit the community, beyond the control of any one organization.
13. So how it works?
There are two steps to this process.
1. Domain Validation - First, the agent proves to the CA that the web server controls a
domain. The main idea here is like with other services, to validate that you're in control of
the domain. You can do this with a DNS record or by providing an URI over HTTP (you
don't have HTTPS yet, do you? :) ).
After the domain is validated, the agent identifies itself by the public key provided before.
14. So how it works?
2. Certificate Issuance (& Revocation) - Once the agent has an authorized key pair,
requesting, renewing, and revoking certificates is simple - just send certificate management
messages and sign them with the authorized key pair.
To get the certificate for your domain, the agent will create the CSR (Certificate Signing
Request). The CSR includes a signature by the private key corresponding to the public key
in the CSR.
The agent also signs the whole CSR with the authorized key for your domain so that the
Let’s Encrypt CA knows it’s authorized.
If everything looks good when Let's Encrypt receives the request and verifies both
signatures, it issues a certificate for your domain with the public key from the CSR and
returns it to the agent.
15. So how it works?
I've added this 2min video for a better understanding:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gas_sSB-5SU
Looking at what Let's Encrypt wants to achieve and tying that with the
presentation I had before, about your own CA, you can imagine what a massive
work that is and how many resources are needed, both human and machine.
So please, look into this, recognize the importance and benefit this can offer to
you, to your websites, applications or company and help as much as possible
with the project.
Write some tools or agents for other web servers, join the community they have
in place, spread the word. Even Global CAs won't go away soon, which is not the
goal of Let's Encrypt, they will reconsider the prices for what they offer so that
people can afford security.