Cloud Computing In telecom Sector: Opportunites and Challenges

WELINGKAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT & RESEARCH

SPECIALISATION PROJECT

ON

CLOUD COMPUTING TRENDS IN INDIA

BY

VIVEK SWAMINATHAN

PGDM e-Biz 2011 – 13 (MARKETING SPECIALISATION)

ROLL NO:-23

PROJECT FACULTY GUIDE

Prof. Shashikant Shirahatti, CISA, CGEIT, CCSK, ISO27001-LA, ISO9001-LA

Cloud Computing Trends in India

PROJECT COMPLETION CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that project titled “CLOUD COMPUTING TRENDS IN INDIA” is
successfully done by Mr Vivek Swaminathan in partial fulfillment of his two years full
time course „Post Graduation Diploma in Management‟ recognized by AICTE through
the Print. L. N. Welingkar Institute of Management Development & Research, Matunga,
Mumbai.

This project in general is done under my guidance.

___________________________

(Signature of Faculty Guide)

Name: Prof. Shashikant Shirahatti
CISA, CGEIT, CCSK, ISO27001-LA, ISO9001-LA

Date: ______________________

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Worldwide Computing Market size v/s Indian market ................................................................... 4
Adoption Status of Cloud Computing across Verticals ................................................................... 5
Key Drivers .................................................................................................................................. 6
Key Constraints ............................................................................................................................ 6
Cloud Ecosystem .......................................................................................................................... 7
Pricing Models ............................................................................................................................. 9
ENISA Risks and Recommendations: My Learnings ...................................................................... 11
The Cloud Landscape in India ..................................................................................................... 13
Adoption of Cloud in India: A Summary ...................................................................................... 18
Primary Research ....................................................................................................................... 19
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 27
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 28

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Worldwide Computing Market size v/s
Indian market
Cloud computing is a new way of delivering computing resources, not a new technology. Computing
services ranging from data storage and processing to software, such as email handling, are now
available instantly, commitment-free and on-demand. Since we are in a time of belt-tightening, this
new economic model for computing has found fertile ground and is seeing massive global
Investment according to IDC’s analysis, the worldwide forecast for cloud services in 2009 will be in
the order of $17.4bn. The estimation for 2013 amounts to $44.2bn, with the European market
ranging from €971m in 2008 to €6,005m in 2013.

The key point to keep in mind is that the cloud’s economies of scale and flexibility are both a friend
and a foe from a security point of view. The massive concentrations of resources and data present a
more attractive target to attackers, but cloud-based defences can be more robust, scalable and cost-
effective. This document portrays an assessment of the security risks and benefits of using cloud
computing - providing security guidance for potential and existing users of cloud computing.

4


Adoption Status of Cloud Computing
across Verticals
Banking and Financial Services:

•Large banks with an inherent need for top-notch security are increasingly building internal private
clouds. Yes Bank has announced its plans of moving all its application to their private cloud by 2011.
•Financial Inclusion Projects which intend to penetrate banking in rural areas by end of FY 2012 are
extremely capital intensive. Indian Bank in partnership with TCS had adopted a cost saving approach
to this project based on cloud computing benefits.

Telecommunications:

•With the advent of 3G and popularity of Mobile VAS, PaaS products like Flypp that enable telcos
with faster go-to market applications and reduce risk and operational overheads are predicted to
see increased adoption.

Manufacturing:

•Adoption of IaaS and ERP based SaaS applications are predicted to pick up in the SME
manufacturing segment typically from discrete manufacturing, industrial engineering and logistics
industries.

Healthcare:

•With medical tourism flourishing, India is slowly becoming a haven for healthcare services.
Healthcare industry is also advancing its IT platforms to touch the global standards.
•This industry’s key worry of system consolidation can be addressed by IaaS and SaaS solutions.
Various players are aggressively targeting this vertical.

IT/ITeS:

•IT services companies like Wipro are not just providers but also consumers of cloud technology.
Wipro built an internal private cloud that could facilitate self-service provisioning of hardware.

Government and Public Sector:

•With current e-governance initiatives driving on a PPP model, immense investments are being
made on the IT Infrastructure front. For projects like Aadhaar, the UIDAI is contemplating on the
adoption of a cost-effective cloud based model that can provide effective and scalable processing of
large databases.

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Key Drivers
 Competitive business environments demand flexibility, elasticity and scalability in IT
expansion

 Economizing of capital expenditures, leading enterprises to opt for new generation business
models such as pay-per-use, pay-per-profit, etc.

 Workforce increasingly becoming mobile, with need to access applications from
Smartphones, tablets, etc.

 An operating expenditure payment structure to have more control /visibility into IT
requirements /investments and reduced total cost of ownership.

 Need for shorter time-to-market period for new products

Key Constraints
 Security concerns about hosting critical data over a public network.
 Lack of regulatory clarity regarding data ownership, etc.
 Challenges of migrating applications from on premise to a cloud environment.
 Consistency of tools and functionality offered.
 Lack of Eco-system maturity.
 Network connectivity issues leading to accessibility concerns.

6


Source: Deloitte

Cloud Ecosystem
The Cloud unlike previous technology shifts is not a mere collection of technologies but a
transformational concept which requires the ecosystem to be developed. The Cloud ecosystem
consists of the components as shown below:

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As is evident from the above description of the Cloud ecosystem, India is currently challenged in
availability of several ecosystem components excepting IT skills. While we have the required IT skills,
we lack the other essential components of. power, connectivity, real estate, the enabling regulatory
framework and other adoption enablers.
In this regard, the NTP 2012 plans to “Encourage recognition and creation of synergistic alliance of
public sector and other organizations of Department of Telecommunications (DoT) through
appropriate policy interventions and support for optimum utilization of their resources and strengths
in building a robust and secure telecom and information infrastructure of the country.”
While the Government is one of the primary pillars to help overcome these challenges, involvement
of the private sector is also equally important for swift and effective enablement. Hence, the Public-
Private-Partnership (PPP) model is one of the best mechanisms for setting up entities which shall
help overcome the above challenges.
An example of the PPP implementation is setting up of joint SEZs wherein the Government will assist
in land acquisition and channelizing utilities such as power and security, while the private sector
would bring in the required investment and knowhow for setting up of the required infrastructure.

In addition, special financial provisions should be made available by the Indian Government for the
private players who wish to build infrastructure for cloud computing.

Cloud Infrastructure - Private Cloud players should be allowed to procure raw infrastructure such as
servers, firewalls etc at a subsidized rate for setting up the Cloud infrastructure.
Loans - Government should incentivize Banks to extend loans at concessional rates to entrepreneurs
planning to set up Cloud services.
Tax incentives - CSPs should be granted exemption from paying regular taxes for a limited period of
time from the time of setting up the Cloud operations.
Land - State governments should be directed to provide land at subsidized rates for setting up Cloud
Datacenters

8


Pricing Models
Cloud service delivery is divided among three archetypal models and various derivative
combinations. The three fundamental classifications are often referred to as the “SPI Model,”
where “SPI” refers to Software, Platform or Infrastructure (as a Service), respectively.

 Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to use the
provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible
from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-
based email). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure
including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application
capabilities with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration
settings.

 Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy
onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using
programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not
manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating
systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application
hosting environment configurations.

 Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to
provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where
the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which could include operating
systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud
infrastructure but has control over operating systems; storage, deployed applications, and
possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls).

Examples of Cloud Services |Source : INGRAM MICRO

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Cloud Pricing Models

Product/Service Business Metric
Usage Based
based Based
• Usage based pricing can • This model is adopted by • Business metrics based
be based on instances or SaaS providers wherein pricing is a strategic
opted configuration of emphasis is on the futuristic model. This will
CPU,memory, RAM, functionality used. It can make an idealmeasure to
bandwidth, IP addresses, be described as Pay-per- calculate ROI.
operating system or per feature
user (SaaS). • For example, for a SaaS
program in the marketing
• Plans can also be fixed or domain, pricing will be
elastic in nature based on number of
depending on the campaigns, number of
dynamic nature of customers, number of
applications /resource prospects, etc.
consumption.

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ENISA Risks and Recommendations: My
Learnings

We recommend priority areas of research in order to improve the security of cloud computing
technologies. The following are the categories we have considered with a few examples of specific
areas from the full list:

Building trust in the cloud

• Effects of different forms of breach reporting on security
• End-to-end data confidentiality in the cloud and beyond
• Higher assurance clouds, virtual private clouds etc

Data protection in large scale cross-organizational systems

• Forensics and evidence gathering mechanisms.
• Incident handling - monitoring and traceability
• International differences in relevant regulations including data protection and privacy

Large scale computer systems engineering

• Resource isolation mechanisms - data, processing, memory, logs etc
• Interoperability between cloud providers
• Resilience of cloud computing. How can cloud improve resilience?

TOP SECURITY RISKS
The most important classes of cloud-specific risks identified are:

LOSS OF GOVERNANCE:

in using cloud infrastructures, the client necessarily cedes control to the Cloud Provider (CP) on a
number of issues which may affect security. At the same time, SLAs may not offer a commitment to
provide such services on the part of the cloud provider, thus leaving a gap in security defences.

LOCK-IN:

There is currently little on offer in the way of tools, procedures or standard data formats or services
interfaces that could guarantee data, application and service portability. This can make it difficult for
the customer to migrate from one provider to another or migrate data and services back to an in-
house IT environment. This introduces a dependency on a particular CP for service provision,
especially if data portability, as the most fundamental aspect, is not enabled.

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ISOLATION FAILURE:

Multi-tenancy and shared resources are defining characteristics of cloud computing. This risk
category covers the failure of mechanisms separating storage, memory, routing and even reputation
between different tenants (e.g., so-called guest-hopping attacks). However it should be considered
that attacks on resource isolation mechanisms (e.g.,. against hypervisors) are still less numerous and
much more difficult for an attacker to put in practice compared to attacks on traditional OSs.

COMPLIANCE RISKS:

Investment in achieving certification (e.g., industry standard or regulatory requirements) may be put
at risk by migration to the cloud:
• If the CP cannot provide evidence of their own compliance with the relevant requirements
• If the CP does not permit audit by the cloud customer (CC).
In certain cases, it also means that using a public cloud infrastructure implies that certain kinds of
compliance cannot be achieved (e.g., PCI DSS (4)).

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The Cloud Landscape in India
When analysing Cloud computing solutions, companies should assess the Cloud provider’s
capabilities at the sub-segment level (i.e. CRM, SCM, ERP) due to large differences in the sub-
segments maturity. Consequently, their viability should be a central question when considering
these vendors. Where the known, main players of the computer industry (Google, SAP, Oracle) do
not represent a true viability risk at first sight, it does not necessarily mean that smaller players will
not survive the growth to eventually become market leaders.

Looking at Cloud from a Technological Perspective| Source: Deloitte

Opportunities presented by Cloud in various sectors

1. Education

The Educational sector is one of the cornerstones of socio-economic development. It is
widely accepted that education contributes to poverty reduction and increased economic
growth, which in turn leads to an improved standard of living. It also enables the individual
to participate in wealth generating activities, leads to the creation of employment, and the
overall development of society. Growth of the Indian economy in the recent past is putting
pressure on the educational sector to enhance the quality of discourse, expand the
curriculum to include new subjects, make education affordable and improve its reach. While
technology can play a significant role in accelerating the expansion of the Education sector in
India, the digital divide hinders its reach.

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Challenges

The primary challenges associated with the educational sector in India are:
• Poor quality of education
• Reach of education to remote corners of the country
• Increasing cost of education
• Low engagement of students

Solutions

The educational sector can be transformed into an inclusive, collaborative and efficient ecosystem
by using Cloud based services. The Cloud can not only help in short term tactical solutions to reach a
large population, but also pave way for transformation of the learning process into a futuristic model
which will result in an overall improvement in the quality of learning.
In order to encourage the adoption of the Cloud and creating a suitable technical and regulatory
environment for implementation of the Cloud in India, the following is recommended:
• Encourage set up of education content databases with universal access
• Provide incentives to education Cloud providers to develop content in Indian languages.
Textbooks in various languages should be made available online at low costs.
• Create a policy with guidelines for usage of Cloud in education.
• Provide incentives to telecom providers to rollout high speed broadband access to educational
institutions.

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2. Healthcare

Seventy percent of the Indian population lives in rural India and most of them lack access to
hospitals, physicians, trained medical personnel, critical medicine supply and medical
equipment. India has only an elementary network of public hospitals and clinics (around
25,000 primary health centres). Public hospitals are also scarce outside large cities, and their
service standard varies and lack even basic healthcare records management systems.

Challenges

Unlike the healthcare sector in developed economies, the Indian healthcare ecosystem is at
a nascent stage of adopting technology. Currently, the Indian healthcare industry is
evaluating technology deployment models for digitization of health records like EMRs and
remote patient monitoring; futuristic trends such as centralized healthcare record
management are not even thought of.

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Solutions

Hospitals: Using third party SaaS applications housed in the Cloud, patients can be provided access
to their health, history and information so that hospitals can streamline the admissions, care and
discharge processes. Hospitals can connect to their own web portals and access patient data stored
in the Cloud. Standard based services can also be used to build value added web-applications for
patients so that their healthcare can extend beyond the boundaries of the hospital covering their
entire lifecycle.

Physicians: With the Cloud, people can provide their health history and information to their
physicians anywhere, anytime, including data uploaded from health and fitness devices, to help
physicians make more informed decisions.
Pharmacies: People can administer or manage their prescriptions and associated information such
as dosage, amount and frequency, and provide this information to their healthcare provider.
Laboratories and imaging centres: Patient’s diagnostic results can be transferred via suitable Apps
onto Cloud based platforms, e.g. Google Health or Microsoft Healthvault. This eliminates the need
for in-house storage and helps retain historic information in a systematic manner. Healthcare
providers can access these results with the patient’s permission, to help them make more informed
health decisions.
Pharmaceuticals/Drug manufacturers: The IaaS model could provide a drug manufacturer with On-
Demand computing resources to perform drug research analysis, eliminating the need to retain high
power computing capabilities and related IT expertise in-house.
Application Providers: Health and wellness companies can design and deliver health and wellness
solutions compatible with Cloud platforms to offer a rich user experience and ease of managing the
user’s sensitive personal health information.

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Device manufacturers: Health and fitness devices can be designed to work with Cloud platforms and
Apps, so users can upload device data and share it with their doctors and families.
Insurance Companies: Insurance providers through transparent access to medical records can
provide better services to their customers. They can also offer customers with innovative tools
which giving members’ access to richer wellness information thereby increasing effectiveness of care
management programs which can help reduce claims costs. Insurance companies can also
incentivize customers to keep their health records updated.

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Adoption of Cloud in India: A Summary

 Creation of a nodal agency for laying baselines for Cloud adoption.

 Empowering the nodal agency to develop a Cloud policy for adoption of Cloud by Govt.
bodies and Indian citizens and organizations.

 Empowering the nodal agency to interpret existing laws such as IT Act 2000 in context of
Cloud to ensure the interest of Indian entities in the Cloud.

 Empowering nodal agency to work with various government departments and ministries
including state government to incentivize Cloud adoption in India.

 Launching specific projects in the area of Healthcare and Education for accelerating the use
of various facilities.

 Defining policies and enact rules / regulations for incentivizing setup of Cloud providers in
India.

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Primary Research

Abstract

This paper looks at adoption and applicability of cloud computing to e-governance in India. Data has
been gathered via structured questionnaire from stakeholders of various businesses - public &
private sector of India, including Indian IT companies that offer cloud computing solutions to clients.
The study takes a balanced and unbiased view of cloud computing with focus on India, to figure out
the key factors that lead to its adoption using factor analysis and whether these factors could be the
drivers for its adoption in e-governance. Cloud computing has picked up in developed markets and is
starting to pick up in India. For enterprises, SMB, Government, NGO & individuals reduces initial
investments, results in cost savings, gives flexibility, scalability, service on demand, device
independency and anytime accessibility and reduces key data loss in the event of hardware crash,
loss or theft. However, it has issues like confidentiality, information security, legal & regulatory
challenges and malicious attacks as data gets stored in a distributive internet cloud, generally
beyond any nation's geography.

Research Methodology

A survey was conducted to measure awareness and attitudes towards cloud computing services .36
respondents participated in the study.

Analysis

The main factors which would be responsible for the adoption of cloud computing in India have been
extracted using Factor analysis. The respondents' ratings were subjected to Principal Component
Analysis to reduce multicollinearity among items, with the Varimax Rotation method. This method
was Factor Analysis which is the method of extracting hidden factors.

Thirty one items were reduced to four components where Factor 1 had Initial Eigen value of 25.1
with 80.9% of variance. Factor 2 had Initial Eigen value of 2.6 with 8.4% of variance. Factor 3 had
Initial Eigen value of L2 with 4.0% of variance, and Factor 4 had Initial Eigen value of 0.7 with 2.4% of
variance.

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Questionnaire

A survey to determine the current cloud adoption and its sentiment in India
* Required
Are you aware of Indian government's e-governance initiatives for Cloud Computing? *

 Yes

 No

Is it prefrable that the CSP(Cloud Service Provider) allow a customer to select a specific location for
the use and/or storage of the customer’s data? *

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Agree
Select a value from a range of 1,Strongly Agree, to 5,Stron gly Disagree,.
Strongly Disagree
Does the CSP provide any technical enforcement to prevent a customer’s data from moving
through or to a customer priscribed location? *

 Yes

 No

Does the CSP provide customers with controls over its data to ensure that data can or cannot be
aggregated according to customer needs and/or restrictions? *

 Yes

 No

What technical enforcement mechanisms does a CSP use to prevent the commingling of data with
other cloud users? *

 VLAN

 Unique UID login

 Storage Side security

 Cloud Containers

 AES 256 Bit Encryption

 Domain Segregation

Do you think it is necessary for the CSP to adhere to any established governance framework(s)
involving data security controls *

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
If yes, does the CSP undergo any regular (e.g. annual) 3rd party audit(s) for compliance with any
established governance framework(s)? *

 Yes

 No

Is it prefrable that the CSP allow customers to audit the CSP’s data security controls? *

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1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
Do you think it is necessary for the CSP to provide end to end encryption for data in transit? *

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
Does the CSP offer data back-up and recovery services for customers? *

 Yes

 No

If yes, is the specific location for such selectable by the customer? *

 Yes

 No

Does the CSP’s method of handling data remanence or persistence meet any identified
standard(s)? *

 Yes

 No

Are you a Public or a Private CSP? *

 Public

 Private

What is the category you are providing the Cloud Services? *

 HRM

 Procurement

 Finance

 Database Applications

 Web Applications

Rate the foll parameters on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 being most important 5 being least) *

Strongly Strongly
Agree Cant Say Dont Agree
Agree Disagree

Awareness

Trustworthy

Secure to use

Used for Multiple
Applications

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Strongly Strongly
Agree Cant Say Dont Agree
Agree Disagree

Cost

Flexibility

Accessibility

Scalibility

Easy to implement

Service Quality

Sharing of Resources

Easy availability of info to
Citizens

Faster Rollout

Performance after rollout

Customization

Regulatory Requirements

Submit

Never submit passwords through Google Forms.

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Percentage of Customers who are aware of E- Governance initiatives in India.

E Governance Awareness

Yes
36%

No
64%

Percentage of Customers who feel CSPs prevent a customer’s data from moving through various
locations.

Control over Data

No
42%

Yes
58%

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Rotated Component Matrix (a) for extracting the main factors responsible for Adoption of Cloud
Computing in India

Parameters Components
1 2 3 4
Awareness 0.501 0.509 0.861 0.618
Trustworthy 0.627 0.527 0.627 0.627
Secured to use 0.861 0.861 0.561 0.861
Private services 0.458 0.584 0.728 0.861
Public services 0.569 0.598 0.437 0.861
Hybrid services 0.485 0.459 0.426 0.492
Used for multiple applications 0.458 0.914 0.728 0.843
Cost reduction 0.861 0.914 0.728 0.843
Flexibility 0.563 0.914 0.453 0.531
Accessibility 0.861 0.914 0.453 0.564
Elastic scalability 0.834 0.556 0.453 0.492
Easy to implement 0.834 0.556 0.509 0.843
Service quality 0.834 0.556 0.71 0.843
Non critical applications 0.709 0.637 0.627 0.531
Latest software’s 0.54 0.558 0.589 0.564
Sharing of resources 0.861 0.561 0.458 0.564
Availability of info to citizens 0.861 0.728 0.861 0.564
No need to travel for
information 0.861 0.437 0.563 0.861
Reducing corruption 0.492 0.426 0.861 0.492
Faster rollout of services 0.843 0.728 0.834 0.843
increase in satisfaction 0.843 0.728 0.834 0.843
Security concerns 0.531 0.453 0.834 0.444
Performance concerns 0.564 0.453 0.709 0.594
Availability concerns 0.492 0.453 0.54 0.643
integrity concerns 0.843 0.509 0.861 0.618
Ability to customize 0.843 0.71 0.861 0.618
High investment 0.531 0.627 0.861 0.618
Regulatory requirements 0.564 0.589 0.492 0.549
Not enough suppliers 0.564 0.728 0.843 0.584
Company should invest 0.564 0.458 0.492 0.598
Concerns to be overcome 0.834 0.556 0.71 0.843

From the above table, the main factors (having component value greater than 0.4) which would lead
to adoption of Cloud Computing in India for implementing E-governance projects have been
extracted. From Factor 1, Computing in India various items which explains the Benefits of Cloud
Computing for egovernance projects are cost reduction, accessibility, sharing information, travel,
rollout of services, satisfaction. From Factor 2, various items that were retrieved which explain the
Concerns of Cloud Computing for egovernance projects are performance, availability, integrity and
customization. Items from Factor 3 could not be taken as the values got converged in the values of
Factor 1 and Factor 2

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Applications

Almost all the respondents had shown interest in implementing multiple applications using cloud
Computing services viz. Human Resource Management, Customer Relationship Management,
Enterprise Resource Planning, Virtualized server environment. Database applications and Web
applications. Few of the respondents seemed to be interested in Procurement, Finance and using
cloud computing services.

Applications Responses
Percentage
HRM 11.2
Procurement 14.4
ERP 15.8
CRM 15.8
Finance 11.2
Database Applications 15.8
Web Applications 15.8

Observations and Summary

Cloud computing has low levels of end to end awareness, trust and adoption among Government
officials in India (despite all the attention cloud computing receives as one of the leading IT trends).
They were not fully familiar with cloud computing, and do not trust it fully. Awareness and trust are
lacking even among professionals who are familiar with it and may be responsible for securing
enterprise systems and information. While cloud adoption is expected to grow, respondents'

Inexperience with cloud computing, security concerns (and in some cases, lack of concem) and
uncertainty about governance could make it difficult for Government organizations to effectively
implement cloud computing or realize full value from it.

Apart from awareness of cloud computing, the end to end infrastructure (ecosphere) built by service
providers is very limited in India. The security of data is very important and Government definitely
would like to ensure that the privacy and accessibility of confidential data is properly handled. Also,
many a times there is dire need that data must not leave shores of the nation as data and privacy

laws are varied in different countries. So in the scenario of data theft abroad, it would be really
difficult for the Government to bring the guilty to the book. The outlook for cloud computing
adoption in Government depends on how well cloud service providers tackle these issues. Also, they
need to raise the levels of awareness and trust in the model. The data reflects barriers to adoption,
but adoption rates and user experiences show the barriers can be reduced. Respondents, who know
cloud computing well, trust it most. For example, those who are familiar with cloud computing tend
to implement it, those who implement expand their use by accessing multiple applications through
the cloud, and professionals who are most involved in cyber security have more trust in cloud

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computing. Against this backdrop, the author recommends organizations to take the following
actions as specified in the recommendations below to assess the suitability of cloud computing for
Government agencies and to prepare them for implementation.

Recommendations and Learnings

Specifically designed seminar and customized workshops for various Central / State / Semi / Quasi
Government agencies. Municipal corporations and committees. Government departments and
autonomous bodies must be done so that they become aware about the, benefits, usage and
applications of cloud computing for citizen services. Cloud service providers must ensure data
privacy and integrity and Adoption of Cloud they need to have very tight processes for handling
confidential data. This Computing in India data must not pass beyond Indian shores via any medium
or channel.

Quick e-delivery of citizen services must be done for Government sector which can be mutually
evolved and Proof of Concept (PoC) or dry run can be done to give confidence & win trust of key
stakeholders. A common Governrnent Cloud, which would essentially be co-owned by Government
and consortium of cloud service providers to bring standardizations and shared responsibility of all
stakeholders, could be initiated so that adoption increases quickly, in the wider benefit of common
citizen of India.

Limitations of the study

This study has certain limitations that .are required to be taken into account while considering its
contributions. The main limitation of the study was a relatively small sample size. In this study, the
wide-ranging conclusions have been made from a narrow empirical perspective. Moreover, the
study focused on primary data collection from officials who are working or planning to work on the
implementation of cloud computing projects in India. This was a challenging task for the researcher
as the respondents were not willing to share the detailed information. For these reasons, these
findings cannot be generalized to a broader community.

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Conclusion
The Integrated Project has helped us get a panoramic view of the Cloud Computing Trends in India. It
has also helped us familiarize the working of the Indian Cloud. Every subject has taught us something
new and interaction with the employees has also given us new insight about how the mind-set of
people in the industry prevails.

The key takeaways in every subject has enriched me in many ways and I would like to thank our
mentor Prof. Shashikant Shirahatti and Prof Pradeep Pendse for their constant support and
providing me with such an opportunity and guiding us every time we ran into a roadblock.

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4. Security Guidance in Critical Areas for Cloud Computing (CSA Guidebook )
5. Benefits , Risks and Recommendations For Information Security (ENISA)
6. Frost and Sullivan – Cloud Computing Services
7. Confederation of Indian Industries – The Indian Cloud Revolution
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9. Cloud Computing Services – TechMahindra
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794

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Cloud Computing In telecom Sector: Opportunites and Challenges

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