The document provides an introduction to cloud computing, including definitions and concepts. It discusses the evolution of cloud computing from earlier technologies like grid computing and utility computing. It also outlines some key characteristics of cloud computing models including software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS). Additionally, it covers basic cloud architecture, characteristics, purposes and benefits, as well as opportunities and challenges of cloud computing.

1. Introduction to Cloud
computing • Cloud Computing
Submitted By :
Pallavi Rai
CSE Eve Shift S
Roll no. 115318
Presented by: Pallavi Rai

2. Agenda
•Introduction
•Need Of Cloud Computing
•Evolution of cloud computing
•Cloud Summary
•Cloud Computing Characteristics
•Models for Cloud Computing
•Cloud Architecture
•Basic Cloud Characteristics
•Purpose and Benefits
•Cloud-Sourcing
•Cloud Storage
•Opportunities and Challenges
•Advantages of Cloud Computing
•The Future

3. What is Cloud Computing?

4. INTRODUCTION
• Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new
class of network based computing that takes place over
the Internet.
• In other words, this is a collection/group of integrated and
networked hardware, software and Internet
infrastructure (called a platform).
40’s 70’s 80’s Now

5. INTRODUCTION
• Using the Internet for
communication and transport
provides hardware, software and
networking services to clients.
• These platforms hide the
complexity and details of the
underlying infrastructure from
users and applications by
providing very simple graphical
interface or API (Applications
Programming Interface).

6. INTRODUCTION
• In addition, the platform provides on demand services,
that are always on, anywhere, anytime and any place.
• Pay for use and as needed, elastic (scale up and down in
capacity and functionalities).
• The hardware and software services are available to the
general public, enterprises, corporations and businesses
markets.

7. Cloud Computing - The Coming Storm
Evolution of Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing
SaaS Computing
 Next-Generation
Utility Computing  Network-based Internet
Grid Computing
Offering subscriptions computing
Solving large to applications  Next-Generation
computing
problems with resources as a Gained Data Centers
Parallel metered momentum
computing service in 2001
Made  Introduced in
mainstream late 1990s
By Global
Alliance
Cloud Computing
Slide 7

8. Need Of Cloud Computing
The Traditional Server Concept
Web Server App Server DB Server EMail
Windows Linux Linux Windows
IIS Glassfish MySQL Exchange

9. Need Of Cloud Computing
And if something goes wrong ...
Web Server App Server DB Server EMail
Windows DOWN! Linux Windows
IIS MySQL Exchange

10. Need Of Cloud Computing
Cons of Traditional Server Concept :
 Expensive to acquire and
maintain hardware
 Not very scalable
 Difficult to replicate
 Redundancy is difficult to
implement
 Vulnerable to hardware outages
 In many cases, processor is
under-utilized

11. Cloud Summary
• Cloud computing is developmenttermservices.refer
to Internet based
an umbrella
and
used to
• A number ofservices and infrastructure: data,
applications
characteristics define cloud
 Remotely hosted: Services or data are hosted on remote
infrastructure.
 Ubiquitous: Services or data are available from
anywhere.
 Commodified: The result is a utility computing model
similar to traditional that of traditional utilities, like gas
and electricity - you pay for what you would want!

12. Cloud Computing Characteristics
Accessibility Agility
Service Management Flexibility
User Metering Cost Efficiency
Automation Virtualization
Cloud Computing is a model of how IT should operate as a business!

13. Models for Cloud Computing

14. Software as a Service
• Applications (word processor, CRM, etc.) or application services
(schedule, calendar, etc.) execute in the “cloud” using the
interconnectivity of the internet to propagate data
• Custom services are combined with 3rd party commercial services
via orchestration (SOA) to create new applications
• Requires investment to build an enabling layer with governance,
security and data management functionality
• May require integration with back-office systems
• Pay-as-you-go model

15. Platform as a Service
• Applications are built in the “cloud” on the platform using a
variety of technologies
• Simplifies orchestration of cloud services
• Development, testing, and production environments (servers,
storage, bandwidth, etc.) are billed monthly like hosting
• Pay-as-you-go model
• Environments scale up & down at the click of a button
• Concerns include code & data privacy, security and scalability

16. Infrastructure as a Service
• Compute resources (processors, memory, storage, bandwidth,
etc.) are provided in an as-needed, pay-as-you-go model
• Able to provide from single server up to entire data centers
• Creates new opportunities such as Cloud bursting: shifting usage
spike traffic to alternate resources
• Infrastructure scales up and down quickly to meet demand
• Built on a utility computing architecture to host a SOA
application layer

17. Cloud Architecture

18. Basic Cloud Characteristics
• The “no-need-to-know” in terms of the underlying
details of infrastructure, applications interface with the
infrastructure via the APIs.
• The “flexibility and elasticity” allows these systems to
scale up and down at will – utilising the resources of all
kinds (CPU, storage, server capacity, load balancing, and
databases).
• The “pay as much as used and needed” type of utility
computing and the “always on!, anywhere and any place”
type of network-based computing.

19. Basic Cloud Characteristics
• Cloud are transparent to users and applications, they can
be built in multiple ways - branded products, proprietary
open source, hardware or software, or just off-the-
shelf PCs.
• In general, they are built on clusters of PC servers and
off-the-shelf components plus Open Source software
combined with in-house applications and/or system
software.

20. Purpose and Benefits
• Cloud computing enables companies and applications,
which are system infrastructure dependent, to be
infrastructure-less.
• By using the Cloud infrastructure on “pay as used and
on demand”, all of us can save in capital and
operational investment!
• Clients can:
– Put their data on the platform instead of on their own
desktop PCs and/or on their own servers.
– They can put their applications on the cloud and use the
servers within the cloud to do processing and data
manipulations etc.

21. Purpose and Benefits
• The term cloud is used to describe and to reflect this
class of Internet centric computing infrastructure being
transparent (users do not need to know what is behind
the scenes!), highly scalable (scale up and down as
needed), on-demand, pay as needed and as used.
• After so many years, Cloud Computing is today the a
network based computing over Internet.

22. Cloud-Sourcing
• Why is it becoming a Big Deal:
– Using high-scale/low-cost providers,
– Any time/place access via web browser,
– Rapid scalability; incremental cost and load sharing,
– Can forget need to focus on local IT.

23. Cloud-Sourcing
• Concerns:
Performance, reliability, and SLAs,
Control of data, and service parameters,
Application features and choices,
Interaction between Cloud providers,
No standard API – mix of SOAP and REST!
Privacy, security, compliance, trust…

24. Some Commercial Cloud Offerings
Problem: Commercial offerings are proprietary and usually not open
for cloud systems research and development

25. Cloud Storage
 Several large Web companies (such as Amazon and
Google) are now exploiting the fact that they have data
storage capacity that can be hired out to others.
 This approach, known as cloud storage allows data
stored remotely to be temporarily cached on desktop
computers, mobile phones or other Internet-linked
devices.
 Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple
Storage Solution (S3) are well known examples.

26. Opportunities and Challenges
• The use of the cloud provides a number of opportunities:
 It enables services to be used without any understanding of
their infrastructure.
 Cloud computing works using economies of scale:
 Data and services are stored remotely but accessible from
“anywhere”.
• In parallel there has been backlash against cloud
computing:
 Use of cloud computing means dependence on others and that
could possibly limit flexibility and innovation:
 Security could prove to be a big issue:
 There are also issues relating to policy and access:

27. Advantages of Cloud Computing
 Lower computer costs.
 Improved performance.
 Reduced software costs.
 Instant software updates.
 Improved document format compatibility.
 Unlimited storage capacity.

28. Advantages of Cloud Computing
 Increased data reliability.
 Universal document access.
 Latest version availability.
 Easier group collaboration.
 Device independence.

29. Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
 Requires a constant Internet connection.
 Does not work well with low-speed connections.
 Can be slow.
 Features might be limited.

30. Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
 Stored data might not be secure.
 Stored data can be lost.
 HPC Systems.
 General Concerns.

32. Cloud Computing, Tomorrow
Desktop Cloud
Entertainment Cloud Mobile Cloud
e-Book Cloud
Storage/Data Cloud
e-Learning Cloud
Future Clouds
Heath-care Cloud
Cloud Office
IPTV | Media Cloud Energy Efficiency | Green Cloud

33. The Future
Many of the activities loosely grouped together under
cloud computing have already been happening and
centralised computing activity is not a new phenomena.
Grid Computing was the last research-led centralised
approach.
However there are concerns that the mainstream
adoption of cloud computing could cause many problems
for users.

34. The Future
Whether these worries are grounded or not has yet to
be seen.
Many new open source systems appearing that you can
install and run on your local cluster – should be able to
run a variety of applications on these systems.

35. Where do we go from here?
• Any ideas to keep us out of the rain?
20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud 35

36. Thank You