The document provides an overview of tissue fixation in histopathology, detailing its importance in preserving cellular structures for diagnosis and research. It describes various methods of fixation, including physical and chemical techniques, and categorizes different types of fixatives. Additionally, it outlines the properties of effective fixatives and offers references for further study.

1. VIVEKANANDA ARTS AND SCIENCE
COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
VEERACHIPALAYAM -
636007,SANKAGIRI,TAMILNADU
PRESENTED BY:M. KAVIYA
II - BSC MICROBIOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF
MICROBIOLOGY VIAAS ,
,SANKAGRI
MICROBIOLOGY SUBJECT – CLINICAL LABORATORY
TECHNOLOGY
TOPIC – HISTOPATHOLOGY FIXATION TISSUSE Of
CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES
SUBJECT INCHARGE:
DR.V.BHARATHI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF
MICROBIOLOGY
VIAAS,SANKAGIRI

2. FIXATION OF TISSUES:
CLASSIFICATION AND
PROPERTIES OF FAXATIVE

3. INTRODUCTION :
* IT IS PROCESS BY WHICH A THE CELLS OR TISSUES OF MANY
ARE FIXED IN CHEMICAL AND PARTLY PHYSICAL STATE CAN IS OF
SO THAT THEY CAN WITH STAND SUBSEQUENT OF THAT FORMATION
TREATMENT WITH VARIOUS REAGENT IN PROPER OF IS THAT BOTH
WITH DISTORTION OF MORPHOLOGY AND SO DECOMPOSITION.

4. FIXATION OF TISSUES :
* FIXATION OF TISSUES IS CRITICAL STEP IN HISTOLOGY OF TISSUES IS AND
PATHOLOGY THAT
*INVOLVES PRESERVING TISSUES SAMPLE IN A STABLE TO PREVENT OF ARE
DECAY .
*MAINTAIN CELLULAR STRUCTURE .

5. * MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION IN PROPER
FIXATION IS ESSENTIAL FOR ACCURATE
DIAGNOSIS OF AND RESEARCH A FINDING.
* FORMATION IN FIXATION OF TISSUES
OF TISSUES SUITABLE INVOLVES TISSUE.
FIXATION OF TISSUES:

6. CLASSIFICATION OF FIXATIVE :
• PHYSICAL METHOD
• CHEMICAL METHOD
PHYSICAL METHOD :
• HEAT FIXATIVE : IT IS SIMPLES FORM BY HEAT
• MICRO WAVE FIXATIVE : THE SPREADS

7. CHEMICAL FIXATIVE :

8. CHEMICAL FIXATIVE :
CHEMICAL FIXATIVE CONSIDERED MEMBERS OF 3 MAJOR
CATEGORIES.
* COAGULANT
* CROSS LINKING
*COMPOUND FIXATIVE

9. SIMPLE FIXATIVE:
MERCURIC CHLORIDE: PIGMENT BROWN TO BLACK GRANDCLAR DEPOSIT
TREATMENT
*PLACE SECTION IN 0.5%IODINE IN 80% SULPHATE FOR 3 MIN

10. PICRIC ACID :
*BRIGHT YELLOW CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE
*DAMPED WITH WATER BECAUSE IN EXPLOSIVE PROPERTIES.
*ENHANCES CYTOPLASMIC STAINING.

11. OSMIUM TETROXIDE :
* PALE YELLOW
* DEMONSTRATE LIPID LIKE MYDIN
*STORAGE IN DARK COOL PLACE NEVER FIXATIVE VAPOUR IS ARE
IRRITATING , CAUSES CONDUCTIVITY.

12. METHOD OF FIXATION :
• HEAT OF FIXATION.
• PERFUSION .
• IMMERSION .
• VAPOUR METHOD.
• PHASE PARTITION METHOD.

13. METHOD OF FIXATION

14. ACETIC ACID :
COLORELSD LIQUID WITH ODOR USE IN COMPOUND FIXATIVE OF
SEVELLS COLLAGEN FIBERS PRECIPITATE NUCLEOPROTIEN.
OSMIC ACID : IT IS USE FOR FIXATIVE OF FATTY TISSUES AND AND
NERVES.
ALCOHOL : IT MAY BE USE AS FIXATIVE IT COCOAGULANT PROTEIN
DEHYDRATING REMOVE WATER OF FAST TISSUES.
•
•

15. COMPOUND FIXATIVE:
FORMAL SALINE : IT MOST WIDELY USE FIXATIVE TISSUES CAN BE
LEFT IN THIS FOR LONG PERIOD WITHOUT EXPRESSIVE DIAMAGE
TISSUES (FORMALIN PIGMENT)
ZENKER S FLUID: IT CONTAINS MERCURIC CHLORIDE , POTASSIUM DI
– CHROMATE SODIUM SULPHATE AND GLACIAL ACETIC ACID

16. BOUINS FLUID:
*IF CONTAINS PIRIC ACID , GLACIAL ACETIC ACID AND 40%
FORMALDEHYDE .
* SATURATED PICRIC ACID –.750 ML
* FORMALDEHYDE 40% -- 250 ML
* GLACIAL ACETIC ACID –50ML

17. COMPOUND FIXATIVE :
MICROANATOMICAL FIXATIVE:
* USED TO PRESERVE ANATOMY OF THE TISSUES
• 10%FORMAL SALINE ,BUFFERED FORMALIN , IDEAL FOR FIXATIVE
• OF BRAIN , DUE TO PRESENCE OF BUFFER THE PH OF SOLUTION
• NEUTRAL OR NEAR NEUTRAL
• FORMALIN PIGMENT FORMATION DOESN’T TAKE PLACE.

18. CYTOLOGICAL FIXATIVE:
* USE TO FIX INTRACELLULAR STRUCTURE.
* NEUTRAL FIXATIVE , CARNOY FLUIDS, FLEMMING FLUID.
*CYTOPLASMIC FIXATIVE , CHAMPY FLUID , REGAUD FLUID.
HISTOCHEMICAL FIXATIVE:
USE TO THE CHEMICAL OF CONSITUENT OF THE CELL
*FORMAL SALINE
* COLD ACETONE
* ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL.

19. PROPERTIES OF FIXATIVE:
* PREVENTS AUTOLYSIS AND BACTERIAL DECOMPOSITION.
* PRESERVES TISSUE A NATURAL STATE AND FIX ALL COMPONENT
* PRESERVES TISSUSE VOLUME.
* AVOID EXCESSIVE HARDNESS TISSUE.

20. * ALLOWS ENHANCED STANDING OF TISSUES.
* MAKE THE CELLULAR COMPONENT INSOLUBLE TO REAGENT USED
IN TO TISSUES PROCESSING.
• SHOULD NOT THAT MAY EXPENSIVE.
* IT MUST PENETRATE THE TISSUES RAPIDLY AND EVENLY.

21. * IT MUST BE SIMPLE TO PREPARE THE IS AND FORMATION IS METHOD
AND ECONOMICAL TO USE .
• PH OF FIXATIVE SATISFACTORY FIXATIVE OCCUR BETWEENS
• PH 6 AND 8 OUTSIDE THIS RANG.

22. REFERENCE
JAYPEE BROTHER MEDICAL PUBLISHER (P)
LTD 4838/24 ANSARI ROAD , DARYAGANJ NEW DELHI 110 002 ,INDIA . FAX
:91- 11-42574357 EMAIL :KAYLEE@JAY PEE BROTHER.COM
ISBN: 978-81-8448-449-6 FIRST EDITION:1985, SIXTH EDITION :2009
REPRINT :2014 COURSE BRANCHES CYTOLOGY,HISTOPATHOLOGY
MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY
WEBSTIE : WWW . JAYPEEBROTHER.COM
WEBSTIE :WWW . JAY PEE DIGITAL.COM

23. THANK YOU