The document discusses India's commitment to addressing climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions while pursuing developmental goals. It outlines the National Action Plan on Climate Change, emphasizing the importance of renewable energy through eight national missions, including the National Solar Mission and the National Mission for a Green India. The document stresses the urgent need for inclusive growth and energy security, highlighting the significant role of renewables in achieving these objectives.

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Climate Change & Renewable Energy
Presentation at
ICORE 2008
Date 16-10-2008
By
TL SANKAR
Administrative Staff College of India
Hyderabad

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Context of Climate Change
1992
•Concerns started at the Rio-de-Janeiro UN Conference on
Environment and Development
1998
• Frame work convention on climate change and Kyoto protocol
•35 Industrial countries agreed to reduce emission of green house
gases.
•India is not one of the 35 Countries with the obligation to reduce
green house gases.
• But India as a responsible global citizen would like to reduce
green house gases to the maximum possible limit without
sacrificing our developmental goals.
•Climate change consequences in India could be mitigated,

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India’s Current CO2 Emission Level
Per Capita Tonnes / Per Year

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Cumulative CO2 Emissions
United States
EU-25
Russia China Germany
UK
Japan
France
India Ukraine Canada
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
%
o
f
Wo
rld
Cumulative CO2 Emissions (1850-2002)
United States
EU-25
Russia
China
Germany
UK
Japan
France
India
Ukraine
Canada
Cumulative per capita emissions from 1850 to 2004 for UK and
Cumulative per capita emissions from 1850 to 2004 for UK and
USA is
USA is 1100 tons
1100 tons! For India it is
! For India it is 23 tons
23 tons!
!

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Energy Intensity India Kgoe / Per US $ PPP
Japan, Denmark, UK and Brazil have lower energy intensity
Energy intensity is declining at about 1.5% per year

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Principles of National Action Plan On Climate
Change
• Inclusive and sustainable development strategy,
• Efficient and cost-effective strategies for Demand side management
• Accelerated deployment of appropriate technologies
• Innovative market, regulatory, and voluntary mechanisms
• Effective linkages with civil society and public-private partnerships

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The Renewables In the Action Plan
1. Renewables are expected to play a major role in the Action Plan
2. Eight National Missions have been setup
3. Important among them relate to renewable energy
4. These are
a). National Solar Mission
b). National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
c). National Mission for a Green India
d). Choice of technologies for mitigating CO2 Emission
i. Hydro Power
ii. Other Renewable Energy

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Two Types of Mitigation Technologies
A). Large Capital Intensity
i. Super Critical Technology
ii. Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)
iii. Nuclear Power
iv. Solar Photovoltaic Plants (MW Size)
B). Small Plants
a. Small Solar power Plants
b. Utilization of solar energy for all heat and light uses
c. Waste disposal and conversion to energy product
d. Wind Power
e. Other Renewable Energy Technologies

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The Special Role of Renewables
• For inclusive development , renewables fit the Indian conditions
• Small scale production to meet the small energy needs of rural
communities.
• The technology can be managed by the rural people with capacity
augmentation
• The resources are locally produced and paid for local people. The value
additions remain with the rural community.
• Energy wasted in transformation, transport / transmission are reduced
to the minimum.
• Creates livelihood opportunities in rural areas where it is urgently
required.
• Investment requirements are relatively smaller than for major CO2
Emission mitigation technologies.

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National Solar Mission
• Increase the share of solar energy in the total energy mix
• Decentralized distribution of energy – solar home lighting ,solar
street lighting, solar water pumping systems
• Creation of more affordable, more convenient solar power
systems and storage

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National Mission For a Green India
• Afforestation of 6 million hectares
Afforestation of 6 million hectares
• Coverage of degraded forest land / energy plantations to
Coverage of degraded forest land / energy plantations to
play a major role
play a major role
• Enhancement of ecosystem services including carbon
Enhancement of ecosystem services including carbon
sinks
sinks
• Involvement of communities in Forest protection &
Involvement of communities in Forest protection &
afforestation
afforestation

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Renewables & Climate Change
1. The challenges of climate change have to be addressed
urgently.
2. The energy security has to be ensured.
3. Inclusive growth with adequate employment creation in
rural areas.
4. National local resources should be used to the maximum.
All issues converge to reinforce the
importance of renewables more than ever
before - NOW ……

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WHY-NOW ?
WHY-NOW ?
 Increase in rainfall by 15-40% by the end of the
21st century with high regional variability
 Increase in annual mean temperature by 3°C to
5°C by the end of 21st century
 Changes in frequency and/or magnitude of
extreme temperature and precipitation events.
 These changes would result in adverse impacts
on agriculture, water resources, health, forests,
vulnerability to extreme events, and coastal
areas.
 Therefore, ACT NOW. Adopt Renewables.

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THANK YOU