The document defines some key concepts about sets: - A set is well-defined if its elements can be specifically identified. An example of a well-defined set is the set of numbers between 10 and 20. - The cardinality of a set refers to the number of elements in the set. Finite sets have countable elements while infinite sets extend infinitely. - An empty set is a set with no elements, denoted by {} or ø, and has a cardinality of 0.