Classical Genetics : Genetics Terminologies
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Genetics is a branch of biology that study gene and heredity in living organisms . Gene - made of DNA , which describe traits . Allele - Different forms of the same gene . Dominant Allele - Express in both Homozygous and Heterozygous forms . Denoted by capital letter . Recessive Allele - express only in Homozygous form . Denoted by small letter .
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R
R'
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A
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Paternal
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Classical Genetics : Genetics Terminologies
- 1. Part 1 – Introduction to Genetics Genetic Terminology Father of genetics: Mendel Part 2 – Law of segregation Monohybrid Cross Law of independent assortment Dihybrid Cross
- 3. Gene Allele Made of DNA, which describe Traits. Present on chromosome. Different forms of the same Gene. Example- Hair Color Example- Brown Hair Red Hair
- 4. Gene has two Alleles. We get one from each parent. mom dad brown hair red hair BB Homozygous dominant for brown hair color gene = BB Homozygous recessive for red hair color gene = bb Genotype= Bb 100% Phenotype= brown hair (Hybrid) bb Bb (Hybrid) You Brown hair due to Dominant B Allele Bb Bb Bb b b B B Bb
- 5. Dominant Allele Recessive Allele Express in both homozygous and heterozygous form. Eg- TT, Tt Express only when present in homozygous form. Eg- tt Denoted by capital letter, Eg- T, A Denoted by small letter, Eg- t, a
- 6. Homozygous- pure trait(dominant TT)(recessive tt) Homo = Two of the same allele. Heterozygous- seldom pure trait(hybrid)(Tt) Hetero = Two different alleles.
- 7. • Genotype- genetic constitution of individual. Eg- TT, Tt, tt • Phenotype- physical appearance of individual. Eg- tall, short
- 8. Classical Genetics : Mendel’s Principles • Father of genetics – Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884) • Austrian Monk • Paper- Experiments on Plant Hybrids • Book- The proceeding of the Brunn society of natural history • Three Mendel’s laws- • 1. Law of Dominance • 2. Law of Segregation • 3. Law of Independent Assortment
- 9. Mendel’s Experiment plant : Pisum sativum • Pure breed , BISEXUAL flowers, Easy hybridization, Short life cycle