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Part 1 –
Introduction to Genetics
Genetic Terminology
Father of genetics: Mendel
Part 2 –
Law of segregation
Monohybrid Cross
Law of independent assortment
Dihybrid Cross
Gene Allele
Made of DNA, which describe Traits.
Present on chromosome.
Different forms of the same Gene.
Example- Hair Color Example- Brown Hair
Red Hair
Gene has two Alleles. We get one from each parent.
mom dad
brown hair red hair
BB
Homozygous dominant for brown hair color gene = BB
Homozygous recessive for red hair color gene = bb
Genotype= Bb 100%
Phenotype= brown hair (Hybrid)
bb
Bb (Hybrid)
You
Brown hair due to Dominant B
Allele
Bb
Bb Bb
b b
B
B
Bb
Dominant Allele Recessive Allele
Express in both homozygous
and heterozygous form. Eg- TT,
Tt
Express only when present in
homozygous form. Eg- tt
Denoted by capital letter, Eg- T,
A
Denoted by small letter, Eg- t, a
Homozygous- pure trait(dominant TT)(recessive tt)
Homo = Two of the same allele.
Heterozygous- seldom pure trait(hybrid)(Tt)
Hetero = Two different alleles.
• Genotype- genetic constitution of individual.
Eg- TT, Tt, tt
• Phenotype- physical appearance of individual.
Eg- tall, short
Classical Genetics : Mendel’s Principles
• Father of genetics – Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884)
• Austrian Monk
• Paper- Experiments on Plant Hybrids
• Book- The proceeding of the Brunn society of natural history
• Three Mendel’s laws-
• 1. Law of Dominance
• 2. Law of Segregation
• 3. Law of Independent Assortment
Mendel’s Experiment plant :
Pisum sativum
• Pure breed , BISEXUAL flowers, Easy
hybridization, Short life cycle

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Classical Genetics : Genetics Terminologies

  • 1. Part 1 – Introduction to Genetics Genetic Terminology Father of genetics: Mendel Part 2 – Law of segregation Monohybrid Cross Law of independent assortment Dihybrid Cross
  • 2.
  • 3. Gene Allele Made of DNA, which describe Traits. Present on chromosome. Different forms of the same Gene. Example- Hair Color Example- Brown Hair Red Hair
  • 4. Gene has two Alleles. We get one from each parent. mom dad brown hair red hair BB Homozygous dominant for brown hair color gene = BB Homozygous recessive for red hair color gene = bb Genotype= Bb 100% Phenotype= brown hair (Hybrid) bb Bb (Hybrid) You Brown hair due to Dominant B Allele Bb Bb Bb b b B B Bb
  • 5. Dominant Allele Recessive Allele Express in both homozygous and heterozygous form. Eg- TT, Tt Express only when present in homozygous form. Eg- tt Denoted by capital letter, Eg- T, A Denoted by small letter, Eg- t, a
  • 6. Homozygous- pure trait(dominant TT)(recessive tt) Homo = Two of the same allele. Heterozygous- seldom pure trait(hybrid)(Tt) Hetero = Two different alleles.
  • 7. • Genotype- genetic constitution of individual. Eg- TT, Tt, tt • Phenotype- physical appearance of individual. Eg- tall, short
  • 8. Classical Genetics : Mendel’s Principles • Father of genetics – Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884) • Austrian Monk • Paper- Experiments on Plant Hybrids • Book- The proceeding of the Brunn society of natural history • Three Mendel’s laws- • 1. Law of Dominance • 2. Law of Segregation • 3. Law of Independent Assortment
  • 9. Mendel’s Experiment plant : Pisum sativum • Pure breed , BISEXUAL flowers, Easy hybridization, Short life cycle