This document discusses genetics and Punnett squares. It explains that genotypes are represented by two-letter pairs, with capital letters denoting dominant traits and lowercase recessive traits. Genotypes can be homozygous dominant, heterozygous dominant, or homozygous recessive depending on whether they contain two dominant letters, one of each, or two recessives. Phenotypes are the physical descriptions that correspond to different genotypes.

1. Genetics and Punnett
Squares
Chapter 11

2. Genotype Genotypes come in 2 letter pairs
(one from each parent)

3. Genotype
Capital letter = Dominant
Lower Case Letter = Recessive
Use any letter to represent
genotypes

4. Genotype
BB = Homozygous Dominant
Bb = Heterozygous Dominant
bb = Homozygous Recessive

5. Phenotype
Description of genotypes in
words

6. Phenotypes
Example: B = Brown eyes
b = blue eyes
Bb = Brown eyes
bb = blue eyes