Classical conditioning

1. Classical conditioning
NABIA TAHIR
KAINAT BUTT
WALEED
OMER
WAHAB

2. What is Conditioning
A process by which people or animals are trained to
behave in a particular way when particular things happen

3. What is classical
conditioning
learning take place when stimulus is
paired with an unconditioned stimulus

4. What is stimulus
Anything that generate response is
called stimulus
Example
Animal move to warm or light when
they feel cold
Its raining and you take umbrella with
you
Touching to hot stove burn your hand

5. Types of stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus
It is the object and event that produced natural or
automatic response is known as unconditioned
stimulus
Example
When ball hit you automatically trying to save your
self
When someone tickels us we feel uncontrollable
giggling
Conditioned stimulus
.It is the neutral stimulus that has no
response till the time it get associated with
the unconditioned stimulus
Example
Children have been conditioned to learn
That ringing bell at school is the time for
lunch so ringing bell is associated with
leaving class
You ride on you bike and attack by dog and
every time you go with that path feel you fear

6. Types of response
Unconditioned response
Anything which is unlearned an naturally occurring
in nature is known as unconditioned response
Example
Salivating is the response of your favourite
Food
Run away while seeing a truck coming toward you
This is fight and flight response
Conditioned response
. A response which we get after trained and you
give this response when you see neutral
conditioned
Example
Like salivating after see your food
Save yourself while seeing a truck coming toward
you

7. Historical Background and Founders
Ivan Pavlov
A Russian physiologist who is known for
his research on classical conditioning
with dogs.
John Watson
An American psychologist who is known
for his work on the Little Albert
experiment.
B.F. Skinner
An American psychologist who is known
for his contributions to behaviorism and
Edward Thorndike
An American psychologist who is known
for his work on the law of effect and

8. Experiment of Classical Conditioning
Pavlov's Dogs
One of the most iconic examples of classical
conditioning, Ivan Pavlov conditioned dogs to
salivate at the sound of a bell that was
originally neutral.
Experiment setup
1. Lab
2. Glass
3. Meat plate
4. Dog face attach with pipe to measure
salivation
5. Alarming bell through which meat offer to
dog

9. 3 stages of experiment
1 Before conditioning
Food UCS
Salivation UR
Bell ring and dog do not give any
response because ringing bell is not
enough
2
During conditioning
Bell ring + food
UCS + UR
Bell ring offer food then dog salivate
so dog going to trained mode during
conditioned .
3 After conditioning
Bell CS
Salivation CR
You ring bell then dog start salivation
so salivation is start when bell ring
or food offer

10. Real-Life Applications of Classical
Conditioning
1 Education
Teachers can use classical
conditioning to help students associate
positive feelings with learning through
praise and recognition.
2
Marketing
Advertisers often use classical
conditioning in their campaigns to
build associations between a product
and positive emotions. 3 Addiction
Drug addiction can sometimes be
understood as an extreme form of
classical conditioning, where the drug
becomes associated with pleasure
and triggers a physical and
psychological reaction when taken or
even just thought about.

11. Critiques and Limitations of
Classical Conditioning
1 Not All Learning is Passive
Classical conditioning can help explain the learning of reflexes, but other types of
learning, such as learning by doing or through insight, do not fit the classical
conditioning model.
2 Focuses on Stimulus and Response
Classical conditioning does not take into account the role of the organism's cognition,
motivation, or expectations in the learning process.
3 The Role of Evolution and Genetics
Some learning may depend more on the organism's genetic makeup and evolutionary
history than on simple associations between stimuli and responses.

12. Conclusion and Key Takeaways
Learn Something New
Apply the principles of classical
conditioning to deepen your
understanding of how we learn
and how to teach more
effectively.
Stay Alert and Focused
Be aware of the many ways
your behavior can be
influenced by classical
conditioning and try to create
positive associations that can
support your goals.
Keep Exploring
Learning is a lifelong journey,
and there is always more to
discover about how our minds
work and how we can improve
our performance.

13. Thank you