The Class 9 Science chapter on sound covers topics such as:
Sound production and propagation
Medium
Wave and its types
Characteristics of sound
Audible frequency
Reflection of sound and its laws
Applications of reflection of sound
2. Properties of Sound
• Mechanical wave
• Needs a median to propagation.
• Can’t propagate in vacuum.
• Longitudinal wave
• Speed of sound in solid>liquid>gas
• Infra sonic(low frequency) are below 20hz humans can’t hear it
• Normal frequency 20hz-20000hz human ca hear this
• Ultra sonic( high frequency) humans cant hear this too
3. Production of sound
• Vibrating object.
• Particles in the surrounding vibrates
• Vibration reaches of ears.
5. Characteristics of sound wave
• Rarefaction: pressure and density are low
• Compression: pressure and density are high
• Frequency: number of wave produced in a second
• Time period: time required to produce one oscillation
• Amplitude: distance from crest/trough to the medium line
• Wavelength: distance between two waves
6. Characteristics of Sound
• When frequency increases pitch increases.
• When amplitude increases loudness increases.
• Quality or timbre it is a characteristic which distinguishes two sound
with same frequency and amplitude.
7. Laws of reflections of sound
• The angle of reflection is always equal to the angle of incidence.
• The reflected sound, the incident sound, and the normal sound
belong in the same plane.
8. Uses of multiple reflection of sound
• Statoscope
• Musical instruments
• Megaphones
• Auditorium ceiling
9. Uses of Ultrasonic sounds
• They are used in medical field for diagnosis and treatment of internal
illnesses of the human body.
• Using ultrasound, kidney stones can be broken into small grains
which later on get flushed out through the urine.
• Ultrasonography is used to examine the fetus during pregnancy.
• Ultrasound is also used in heart checks (ECG).
• Industrially, ultrasonic sounds are useful in examining metals for
defects like cracks etc. and for cleaning machine parts.