Class 7, Extracting signal from tree rings

•

0 likes•707 views

1) Tree ring widths are influenced by multiple environmental and biological factors, but the primary limiting factor of tree growth in a given year will be most prominently recorded. 2) Measuring tree rings from multiple trees and radii allows researchers to maximize the common environmental signal while minimizing non-climatic noise. 3) Standardization techniques aim to remove the influence of tree aging on ring widths to isolate the climatic signal of interest.

Education Technology Business

E XT R AC T I N G S I G N A L F R O M T R E E R I N G S

Same environmental
forcings

Similar
growth pa erns

Earlywood

Latewood

Total ring-width

Eastern hemlock
Tsuga canadensis

how do we interpret tree-ring width measurements?

THE PRINCIPLE OF
LIMITING FACTORS
The rates of biological processes in trees, including the
formation of woody cells, are constrained by the primary
environmental variable that is most limiting.

THE

LIMITING FACTOR
IS NOT THE

ONLY FACTOR
THAT INFLUENCES TREE GROWTH.

tree age
or size
climate landscape
change
forest dynamics
c
ecology

the environmental factor
of interest

SIGNAL vs. NOISE

THE PRINCIPLE OF
AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH
Any individual tree-growth series can be "decomposed" into a
set of environmental signals that aﬀected the tree’s growth
through its lifespan.

helps us THINK about
signals in tree rings

a conceptual model of tree growth

helps us THINK about
signals in tree rings

a conceptual model of tree growth

NOT used for
CALCULATIONS

THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH

Rt = At + Ct + δD1t + δD2t + Et

THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH

Rt = At + Ct + δD1t + δD2t + Et
tree growth in year ‘t’

THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH

Rt = At + Ct + δD1t + δD2t + Et
size-related growth trend
caused by physiological aging

10.0

7.5

At = a × exp-bt +k
5.0

2.5

0
0 25 50 75 100

At
does not have a universal or predictable shape.

growth trend in year ‘t’

Gt = At + δD1t + δD2t + Et
You’ll notice that your reading deﬁnes another term, Gt,
which is the sum of all growth factors OTHER than climate.

THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH

Rt = At + Ct + δD1t + δD2t + Et
climate during year ‘t’

THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH

Rt = At + Ct + δD1t + δD2t + Et

disturbance within the forest

THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH

Rt = At + Ct + δD1t + δD2t + Et

disturbance from outside
the forest

δD1t + δD2t
Both disturbance terms include a value for
‘delta’, which can be either ‘0’ (no disturbance)
or ‘1’ (disturbance).

THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH

Rt = At + Ct + δD1t + δD2t + Et

random processes
not accounted by other sources

ation replication replication replication replic
ation replication replication replication replic
ation replication replication replication replic
ation replication replication replication replic
ation replication replication replication replic
ation replication replication replication replic
ation replication replication replication replic
ation replication replication replication replic
ation replication replication replication replic
ation replication replication replication replic

THE PRINCIPLE OF
REPLICATION
Making measurements from (i) more than one radius per tree
and (ii) more than one tree per site maximizes the
environmental signal and minimizes the amount of
environmental ‘noise’.

Et
can be assumed to be uncorrelated within
and between trees in a stand.

δD1t
Endogenous (‘originating within’) disturbances will be random events
in both space and time, if the stand of trees is large enough.

δD2t
o en is shared by most or all trees within a stand, but
may not be shared by all forest stands within a region.

Source: St. George et al.,
Quaternary Research, 2008

Source: Cook et al., Earth Science Reviews, 2007

STANDARDIZATION
“Standardization” describes a suite of mathematical methods
that a empt to remove long-term trends in ringwidth caused
by normal physiological aging processes and changes in the
surrounding forest community.

ays!
a lw
,not
im es
om et
s
At = a × exp -bt +k
Changes in ringwidth due to tree age (or size)
can sometimes be approximated as
a negative exponential function.

DIVIDE
(A) the raw ring-width data
by (B) the ‘detrending’ curve

THE PRINCIPLE OF
AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH

THE PRINCIPLE OF
REPLICATION

STANDARDIZATION

Class 7, Extracting signal from tree rings

This document discusses the principles of aggregate tree growth and tree ring analysis. It explains that tree ring width is determined by age-related growth trends, climate factors, and disturbances. It also discusses the importance of replication by measuring multiple trees to maximize the environmental signal and minimize noise. Standardization techniques aim to remove the age-related growth trend to isolate the climate signal. The overall model presented is that tree ring width is the combination of age effects, climate, and disturbances.

Murendo Youth and climate change adaptation in Zimbabwe - case of Chivi and M...

futureagricultures

Rural youth in Zimbabwe's Masvingo and Chivi districts have some involvement in climate change adaptation decision making and strategies, according to a study using surveys of 214 households. Around 35% of households reported youth providing labor for conservation agriculture activities like weeding and harvesting. Similarly, 27% of households involved youth in collecting and conserving crop residues for dry season livestock feeding. However, trainings on conservation agriculture strategies excluded youth and only focused on household heads. The study concludes that training rural youth is necessary, especially in key agricultural activities, to further their involvement in climate risk management.

Effect of Fire and Herbivory on Tree Size Transitions in Acacia Drepanol

Utah Section Society for Range Management

Fire and herbivory can influence tree size transitions in Acacia drepanolobium. Preliminary results show that while mean size of small trees (<1m) was similar between burned and unburned areas, burned trees had higher levels of ant mutualism traits like nectar. Specifically, burned small trees were occupied by ant species that provide better defense and had more nectar rewards. Further analysis will examine how fire temperature and herbivory levels affect tree response, and how the presence of neighboring trees impacts post-fire ant colonization.

Fire is not fire: the next generation of TERN fire remote sensing datasets

TERN Australia

Moore Landscapes displays

Moore Landscapes

Class 1, introduction to dendrochronology

Scott St. George

The annual growth rings from trees provide us with an incredibly powerful and adaptable tool to study Earth’s history. The rings tell us much more than just the age of tree. They also provide clues that help us understand how our environment has changed in the past, and provide insights into how key processes in atmosphere, biosphere and geological systems operate over long timescales. This course will teach students the fundamental principles of dendrochronology through a combination of formal lectures, class discussion and laboratory exercises. Students will work in the University of Minnesota’s Center for Dendrochronology, where they will learn how to collect, prepare and date tree-ring specimens. By the end of the course, they will be able to explain both the key concepts underlying dendrochronology and discuss how evidence from tree rings is used to address contemporary issues in natural history, resource management and Earth Systems Science.

Class 6, Climate modes

Scott St. George

This document provides an overview of the principles of dendroclimatology and climate reconstruction using tree rings. It discusses three key principles: 1) cross-dating, which is matching patterns in tree ring widths between trees to identify exact years of growth; 2) aggregate tree growth, which is using a statistical model to decompose tree ring widths into age-related growth trends, climate signals, and other environmental factors; and 3) ecological amplitude, which is that trees near their ecological limits are more sensitive recorders of climate variations. It also provides examples of cross-dating tree ring patterns and the statistical model of aggregate tree growth. Finally, it outlines the workload expectations for a class paper reviewing the climate history of a region over the Hol

Building tree-ring chronologies and Program ARSTAN

Scott St. George

The document discusses dendroclimatology and paleoclimatology, including how tree rings can be used as climate proxies to reconstruct past climate variations. It explains how tree-ring measurements are standardized and aggregated to extract climate signals and maximize the environmental information while minimizing noise. Methods like COFECHA, detrending, and ARSTAN are used to process tree-ring data and develop high-quality tree-ring chronologies suitable for climate reconstruction.

Dendroecology is the use of tree-ring dating and analyses to investigate events and processes involving the interactions of organisms with their environment. It provides a longer temporal perspective than other records through tree-ring evidence that has high precision. Chronological control allows comparison of multiple lines of evidence. However, tree-ring records can be irregular and some processes may be unknown. Past conditions may have no modern analog, complicating interpretation. Dendroecology is used to study forest demography, growth dynamics, and disturbance ecology like insect outbreaks and fire history.

Andy Lowe_Space as a proxy for time: the Australian Transect Network

TERN Australia

The Australian Transect Network establishes long-term monitoring sites along environmental gradients across Australia to track changes in species composition, traits, and genes over time and space in response to climate change, using space as a proxy for time. Data from the transects are used to validate models, engage citizens in science, and inform policy decisions about landscape management and climate adaptation. The network includes transects in northern, southwestern, and southeastern Australia that monitor vegetation and wildlife along climatic and disturbance gradients.

GW Group Technical forestry report astronium Costa Rica

GW Group

This technical report assesses the potential for future growth of single-species forest plantations of Astronium graveolens, a native tree species, at a GWM site in Golfito Canton, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica. It provides background on the location, climate, soils, and characteristics of A. graveolens. While data is limited compared to other species, some studies have found mean annual increments of 4-7 cubic meters per hectare in Costa Rica. Establishing plantations of this native species could help meet demand for its valuable timber, reduce pressure on natural forests, and restore landscapes. The report collects available remote data to provide a preliminary estimate of site productivity and suitability prior to establishing

New Green Economy Final 1 20 2010

Greenwall Ventures, LLC

This document discusses research comparing green walls, green roofs, and the research that supports their use and development. It describes studies measuring the surface temperatures of green walls with different plant species and orientations. The research found that green walls with plants like Sedum spurium and Sedum phedimus achieved about 75% growth coverage after one year. Plant surfaces on the walls were cooler than the wall materials, while the growing medium was the warmest. North- and east-facing walls saw the lowest afternoon surface temperatures, over 25 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than west- and south-facing walls. The findings indicate green walls can reduce the urban heat island effect and that plant selection impacts their thermal performance.

Green environment solowise 1

Solomon Orduekwa

This document outlines ways for individuals and communities to adopt more environmentally friendly practices and "go green". It defines key terms like "green" and discusses major environmental problems facing the planet like global warming. Components of the natural environment are identified as air, water, land, and biosphere. The document recommends specific actions people can take to reduce waste and pollution, reuse materials, and recycle, as well as calculating and lowering individual carbon footprints. Adopting green practices is posited to benefit both the environment and individuals.

Decoding Environmental Science

Laura Senkevitch

The document provides an overview of environmental science topics like global warming, climate change, and global change. It notes that scientists need to improve communication and that existing data shows the environment is in trouble. Global warming is real and caused by multiple gases, not just CO2. Climate change will impact weather patterns, biodiversity, sea levels, and human health. The ozone layer protects from UV rays but was damaged by CFCs. Global changes like deforestation and pollution disrupt carbon sinks and cause issues like acid rain and eutrophication.

Boosting the Signal: Simple Strategies to Deliver Better Scientific Talks

Scott St. George

A good talk can open the doors to new collaborations, increase your chances of funding success, and make it more likely other people will respond to your ideas. But scientific presentations are too often confusing, boring, and overstuffed. Here are some suggestions, based on our experience as speakers, audience members, and presentation trainers, that we hope will make your next conference talk or seminar more enjoyable, engaging and effective.

Ringing true: The scientific and societal relevance of dendrochronology at th...

Scott St. George

How long do trees remember?

Scott St. George

Much of what we know regarding variations in Earth's climate during the past millennium comes from tree rings. But tree rings, like other proxies, attenuate some climate signals but amplify others, and their fidelity at longer timescales is difficult to gage. Even though dendroclimatology is well-established, questions remain about the climate clues encoded in tree rings — particularly at decadal-to-centennial timescales.

Don’t call it a comeback: Studying ancient floods to prepare for future hazards

Scott St. George

How long do we need to watch a river before its behavior holds no more surprises? In this country, instrumental measurements of river stage and discharge stretch back a century or more, but this observed history still provides only a rough guide to the risks of future extreme floods. In this lecture, I’ll outline how paleoflood hydrology expands our perspective on river history by combining historical, botanical, and geological evidence of earlier (and ofttimes unknown) floods. And I’ll explain how we can interpret those physical clues left behind by ancient floods to improve hazard assessments for at-risk communities, support decisions about flood infrastructure, and investigate the long-term effects of climate or land-use changes on flooding. Because what has happened before can happen again, most everyone near a river would profit by keeping a longer memory of old floods.

Flood rings: Paleoflood evidence in tree-ring anatomy

Scott St. George

Historic accounts of extreme floods on the Red River of the North

Scott St. George

Disentangling the decadal ‘knot’ in high-resolution paleoclimatology

Scott St. George

Even after more than a century of coordinated monitoring, instrumental weather observations are still too short to adequately constrain decadal or multidecadal behavior in the Earth’s climate system. Leading climatologists and climate modelers have called for the wider application of high-resolution proxy records to decadal variability and prediction studies, and our community has responded by producing new paleoclimate products that specifically target this type of ‘intermediate-term’ behavior. But we now also know our medium changes that message: the biological and geological systems that encode climate information into natural archives often also alter the original ‘input’, usually due to either seasonal filtering or non-climatic persistence. In this talk, we’ll discuss some of the challenges inherent to the use of high-resolution proxies to study decadal or multi-decadal climate variability, and suggest strategies that might clarify how climate acts on those timescales. And we’ll also present a new theoretical framework that could help paleo-scientists evaluate competing ideas about the causes of decadal- or multi-decadal events known to have occurred during the past one or two millennia.

A new framework to test the origins of western American megadrought

Scott St. George

We know from tree rings and other natural drought records that the western United States has been affected by several 'megadroughts' during the past millennium. But are these exceptionally long-lasting droughts due to unusual external forcings, or are they inevitable given a sufficiently long period of time? Here we present a statistical model that combines sea surface temperature records and drought severity statistics from the western USA, and use that tool to set out an expectation for megadrought, given no other changes in the climate system. Even though this model was trained using only modern climate data (and incorporates no information from tree rings or other proxies), it still produced megadroughts. Moreover, those simulated megadroughts were just as long-lasting, covered as large an area, and were just as severe as real megadroughts estimated from tree rings. That result means that megadroughts can occur in the western United States even if nothing else changes in the climate -- they really are just a matter of time. On the other hand, the only aspect of real-world megadroughts that the model cannot duplicate was the high number of these events during the so-called Medieval Climate Anomaly (800 to 1300 CE). So that cluster of megadroughts may have been caused by some sort of unusual climate circumstances that have not been observed by us during the past few decades. The proxy record tells us that many different kinds of exceptional or unusual climate events happened in the past. But it is often difficult to determine what caused those exceptional events because even, within a period of a thousand years, we still have very few cases. So besides being an aid to understand the causes of past megadroughts, we hope this approach can be applied to other paleoclimate records to distinguish between real interrelations between separate components of the climate system and simple coincidences.

The need for new theory in global dendroclimatology

Scott St. George

This document summarizes an interdisciplinary tree-ring research conference. It discusses the need for new theory in dendroclimatology, presentations on temperature and river flow reconstructions from tree rings, and principles of tree ring research site selection and replication. It also questions how to evaluate rare signals in tree growth and climate relationships and where remote teleconnections may be most evident in tree rings.

The societal value of historical and paleoflood research in Manitoba, Canada

Scott St. George

1) Shared knowledge of past natural disasters has a major impact on preparation for future hazards. The document discusses the historical floods along the Red River in Manitoba, Canada. 2) Winnipeg built a large flood diversion channel in the 1960s after experiencing major floods, including in 1826 and 1950, to protect the city from future flooding of the Red River. 3) American communities like Grand Forks and Fargo were more vulnerable to Red River flooding until recently because they did not have the same long historical memory of floods that informed Winnipeg's early investment in flood protection infrastructure.

Solar ghosts: Weighing the evidence for sunspot cycles in fossil trees

Scott St. George

In their study of tree rings from the Chemnitz Fossil Forest (Germany), Luthardt and Rößler (2017) claim to identify a regular near-11-yr cyclicity in growth, and present that pattern as evidence of the influence of the Schwabe solar cycle (Usokin and Mursula, 2003) on climate and forest productivity during the early Permian. If correctly interpreted, these fossil tree rings would indicate the sunspot cycle was the dominant influence on interannual variability in Earth’s climate during this period and that it has been a consistent aspect of our Sun’s behavior for at least the past 300 m.y. We argue the fossil tree-ring record from Chemnitz does not constitute reliable evidence of solar activity during the Permian because the individual tree-ring sequences are not correctly aligned (dendrochronologically dated) and, as a result, the mean ring-width composite is not a meaningful estimate of year-to-year variations in tree growth in this ancient forest.

Long droughts: Using natural climate archives to gage the risks of future “me...

Scott St. George

In the Biblical story of Joseph, following seven years of abundance, the Kingdom of Egypt was confronted by seven years of drought and famine. In the parlance of modern climate science, intervals with several consecutive extremely dry years are described as ‘“megadroughts”. In this short talk, I’ll describe how climate scientists combine clues from natural weather archives (including corals, tree rings, lake sediments, and many other sources) to reveal the history of ancient megadroughts across our planet. And I’ll highlight new research that combines these surrogate drought records with simulations from state-of-the-art climate models to help us better anticipate the risks of unusually persistent droughts during the coming century.

Expecting the unexpected: The relevance of old floods to modern hydrology

Scott St. George

This document discusses the importance of understanding past floods to properly assess modern flood risks. It provides examples of paleoflood research along rivers like the Red River of the North, which uncovered major floods in 1826 and around 700 years ago that exceeded any floods measured by modern instrumentation. Understanding a river's full history through both recorded data and geological evidence of past floods is essential for floodplain management, development planning, and infrastructure design to mitigate future flood risks.

What to expect when you’re expecting decadal variability in hydroclimatic pro...

Scott St. George

Decadal variability in tree rings

Scott St. George

Strong variance at decadal and multidecadal timescales is a common feature of most tree-ring width records. But does this aspect of tree growth exhibit such long-memory behavior due to biology, climate, or some combination of the two factors? Understanding the origins of this behavior is crucial for efforts to evaluate the causes of decadal variability in the climate system. Presentation at Johann Gutenburg University (Mainz) on February 16, 2017.

Five Things You Can Do Right Now To Make Your Research Presentations Just A L...

Scott St. George

The ability to deliver effective and engaging oral presentations is a critical skill for all researchers. Unfortunately, despite the importance of clear communication, too many scientific presentations at conferences and workshops are confusing, abstract, and boring. In this short workshop, participants learn several key strategies and tips that will make their professional presentations just a little bit better than the rest. We discuss strategies for presentation planning, show how basic design principles can create more memorable slides, and point towards an outstanding set online tools and resources. Become a presentation superstar! Scott St. George is Associate Professor in the Department of Geography, Environment and Society at the University of Minnesota and a Resident Fellow at UMN's Institute on the Environment. Prior to joining the faculty at Minnesota, he was a research scientist with the Geological Survey of Canada. Scott shares some of his experiences ‘doing presentations differently’ at conferences, outreach opportunities, and the classroom.

Similar to Class 7, Extracting signal from tree rings

GEOG3839.16, Dendroecology

Scott St. George

Andy Lowe_Space as a proxy for time: the Australian Transect Network

TERN Australia

GW Group Technical forestry report astronium Costa Rica

GW Group

New Green Economy Final 1 20 2010

Greenwall Ventures, LLC

Green environment solowise 1

Solomon Orduekwa

Decoding Environmental Science

Laura Senkevitch

Similar to Class 7, Extracting signal from tree rings (6)

GEOG3839.16, Dendroecology

Andy Lowe_Space as a proxy for time: the Australian Transect Network

GW Group Technical forestry report astronium Costa Rica

New Green Economy Final 1 20 2010

Green environment solowise 1

Decoding Environmental Science

More from Scott St. George

Boosting the Signal: Simple Strategies to Deliver Better Scientific Talks

Scott St. George

Ringing true: The scientific and societal relevance of dendrochronology at th...

Scott St. George

How long do trees remember?

Scott St. George

Don’t call it a comeback: Studying ancient floods to prepare for future hazards

Scott St. George

Flood rings: Paleoflood evidence in tree-ring anatomy

Scott St. George

Historic accounts of extreme floods on the Red River of the North

Scott St. George

Disentangling the decadal ‘knot’ in high-resolution paleoclimatology

Scott St. George

A new framework to test the origins of western American megadrought

Scott St. George

The need for new theory in global dendroclimatology

Scott St. George

The societal value of historical and paleoflood research in Manitoba, Canada

Scott St. George

Solar ghosts: Weighing the evidence for sunspot cycles in fossil trees

Scott St. George

Long droughts: Using natural climate archives to gage the risks of future “me...

Scott St. George

Expecting the unexpected: The relevance of old floods to modern hydrology

Scott St. George

What to expect when you’re expecting decadal variability in hydroclimatic pro...

Scott St. George

Decadal variability in tree rings

Scott St. George

Five Things You Can Do Right Now To Make Your Research Presentations Just A L...

Scott St. George

Trees as flood sensors

Scott St. George

In many settings, trees growing on floodplains provide an important source of indirect evidence that may be used to infer the occurrence, extent, and magnitude of floods prior to direct observations. That evidence may take several forms, including external scars caused by abrasion or impact from floating debris, anatomical changes within the annual growth increment following prolonged stem or root inundation, or tilting or uprooting due to the hydraulic pressure of floodwaters. Likely the most useful characteristic of paleoflood studies based on floodplain trees is their relatively high temporal resolution and dating accuracy compared to most other methods. Dendrochronological methods can routinely date past floods to the year of their occurrence and, in rare cases, can estimate the timing of floods that occur during the growing season to within two weeks. This high degree of chronological control, which is surpassed only by that provided by direct observation or instrumentation, can be used to determine whether floods in separate watersheds were synchronous or offset by several years and test hypotheses that suppose linkages between extreme floods and specific forcing mechanisms. Furthermore, the wide geographic distribution of tree species with dateable rings combined with the broad suite of methods available to examine interconnections between floods and tree growth allow this style of paleoflood hydrology to be applied to many settings that are not suitable for techniques that depend on geological evidence. Future paleoflood research involving tree rings will need to strike a balance between improving our understanding of the biological and fluvial processes that link tree growth to past events, and providing answers to questions about flood dynamics and hazards that are needed to safeguard people and property from future floods.

Expanding the window - the past, present, and future of Minnesota's water

Scott St. George

Nearly all decisions about water in Minnesota relate either directly or indirectly to data collected by the state’s hydrological observing network. Because most gauges were installed in early 20th century, as a whole the network provides us with roughly a 100-year ‘window’ to estimate flood risks, develop worst-case scenarios for drought, and set maximum allowable withdrawals for aquifers. But when we rely exclusively on observations made during this relatively brief interval, we may inadvertently increase our exposure to hydrological ‘surprises’. In order to make sound decisions about water in Minnesota, we need to expand this window: into the past, drawing upon historical accounts and natural archives; and into the future, via projections from climate and hydrological models. By cultivating a broader perspective on hydrological variability and extremes across the state, we will be better prepared to ensure adequate water supplies and mitigate the impacts of future floods and droughts.

Making Climate Data Sing

Scott St. George

These visuals were prepared to support a string quartet performance and panel on climate change at Northwestern University in February 2106. A well-designed graphic can help audiences to quickly understand the main message embedded within a complex set of climate data and to retain those ideas longer than they would have if they were conveyed by words alone. But the visual aids used regularly by climate scientists also have their limitations: they are most easily understood by people who are already fluent in technical illustrations; they're usually static and sometimes do not tell an obvious story; and for many, they don't elicit a strong emotional response. Music, by contrast, is inherently narrative and is known to exert a powerful influence on human emotions. Because of this, sonification — the transformation of data into acoustic signals — may have considerable promise as a tool to enhance the communication of climate science. Daniel Crawford and Scott St. George report on a collaboration between scientists and artists that uses music to transmit the evidence of climate change in an engaging and visceral way.

Large-scale dendrochronology and low-frequency climate variability

Scott St. George

Large-scale low-frequency variability has emerged as a priority for climate research, but instrumental observations are not long enough to characterize this behavior or gage its impacts on dependent geophysical or ecological systems. As the leading source of high-resolution paleoclimate information in the middle- and high-latitudes, tree rings are essential to understand low-frequency variability prior to the instrumental period. But even though tree rings possess several advantages as climate proxies, like other natural archives they also have their own particular impediments. In this lecture, Dr. St. George will describe the structure and characteristics of the Northern Hemisphere tree-ring width network, and outline how the fingerprint of decadal and multidecadal climate variability encoded within ancient trees varies across the hemisphere.

More from Scott St. George (20)

Boosting the Signal: Simple Strategies to Deliver Better Scientific Talks

Ringing true: The scientific and societal relevance of dendrochronology at th...

How long do trees remember?

Don’t call it a comeback: Studying ancient floods to prepare for future hazards

Flood rings: Paleoflood evidence in tree-ring anatomy

Historic accounts of extreme floods on the Red River of the North

Disentangling the decadal ‘knot’ in high-resolution paleoclimatology

A new framework to test the origins of western American megadrought

The need for new theory in global dendroclimatology

The societal value of historical and paleoflood research in Manitoba, Canada

Solar ghosts: Weighing the evidence for sunspot cycles in fossil trees

Long droughts: Using natural climate archives to gage the risks of future “me...

Expecting the unexpected: The relevance of old floods to modern hydrology

What to expect when you’re expecting decadal variability in hydroclimatic pro...

Decadal variability in tree rings

Five Things You Can Do Right Now To Make Your Research Presentations Just A L...

Trees as flood sensors

Expanding the window - the past, present, and future of Minnesota's water

Making Climate Data Sing

Large-scale dendrochronology and low-frequency climate variability

Recently uploaded

How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17

Celine George

مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf

سمير بسيوني

MDP on air pollution of class 8 year 2024-2025

khuleseema60

Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx

Denish Jangid

Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering Syllabus Chapter-1 Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject Chapter 2 Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country. Chapter 3 Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements. Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station. Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps. Chapter 4 Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation Chapter 5 Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures. Chapter 6 Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems. Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect Text Books: 1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers. 2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers. 3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House. 4. BCP, Surveying volume 1

Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation

TechSoup

Bonku-Babus-Friend by Sathyajith Ray (9)

nitinpv4ai

skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)

Mohammad Al-Dhahabi

🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥 ‏ ‏إضغ بين إيديكم ‏من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3) 💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀 تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات : 1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات 2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!) #فهم_ماكو_درخ 3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً 4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً 5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني 6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥

BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...

Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection

The basics of sentences session 7pptx.pptx

heathfieldcps1

Standardized tool for Intelligence test.

deepaannamalai16

spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills

haiqairshad

Wound healing PPT

Jyoti Chand

This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications. A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function. Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions. Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc. Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.

A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two Hearts

Steve Thomason

Juneteenth Freedom Day 2024 David Douglas School District

David Douglas School District

How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx

HajraNaeem15

Nutrition Inc FY 2024, 4 - Hour Training

melliereed

Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"

National Information Standards Organization (NISO)

Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47

MysoreMuleSoftMeetup

Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47 Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/ Agenda ● What is event processing in MuleSoft? ● Types of event processing models in Mule 4 ● Distinction between the reactive, parallel, blocking & non-blocking processing For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N Speaker:- Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/ Organizers:- Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/ Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw

Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt

Henry Hollis

RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students

Himanshu Rai

Recently uploaded (20)

How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17

مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf

MDP on air pollution of class 8 year 2024-2025

Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx

Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation

Bonku-Babus-Friend by Sathyajith Ray (9)

skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)

BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...

The basics of sentences session 7pptx.pptx

Standardized tool for Intelligence test.

spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills

Wound healing PPT

A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two Hearts

Juneteenth Freedom Day 2024 David Douglas School District

How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx

Nutrition Inc FY 2024, 4 - Hour Training

Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"

Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47

Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt

RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students

Class 7, Extracting signal from tree rings

1. E XT R AC T I N G S I G N A L F R O M T R E E R I N G S

2. Same environmental forcings Similar growth pa erns

3. Earlywood Latewood Total ring-width Eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis

5. Same environmental forcings Similar growth pa erns

6. Same environmental forcings Similar growth pa erns

10. TREE-RING WIDTH DATA pith bark

11. how do we interpret tree-ring width measurements?

12. THE PRINCIPLE OF LIMITING FACTORS The rates of biological processes in trees, including the formation of woody cells, are constrained by the primary environmental variable that is most limiting.

13. temperature water day length

14. THE LIMITING FACTOR IS NOT THE ONLY FACTOR THAT INFLUENCES TREE GROWTH.

15. Photograph: Andy Frasse o

16. Photograph: kevmann16

17.

18.

19.

20.

21. tree age or size climate landscape change forest dynamics c ecology

22. TREE-RING WIDTH DATA

23. SIGNAL vs. NOISE

24. the environmental factor of interest SIGNAL vs. NOISE

25. SIGNAL vs. NOISE everything else

26. SIGNAL vs. NOISE

27. SIGNAL vs. NOISE

28. THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH Any individual tree-growth series can be "decomposed" into a set of environmental signals that aﬀected the tree’s growth through its lifespan.

29. a conceptual model of tree growth

30. helps us THINK about signals in tree rings a conceptual model of tree growth

31. helps us THINK about signals in tree rings a conceptual model of tree growth NOT used for CALCULATIONS

32. THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH Rt = At + Ct + δD1t + δD2t + Et

33. THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH Rt = At + Ct + δD1t + δD2t + Et tree growth in year ‘t’

34. THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH Rt = At + Ct + δD1t + δD2t + Et =

35. THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH Rt = At + Ct + δD1t + δD2t + Et size-related growth trend caused by physiological aging

36.

37. Ring width Tree age

38.

39.

40.

41. 10.0 7.5 At = a × exp-bt +k 5.0 2.5 0 0 25 50 75 100

42. At does not have a universal or predictable shape.

43. growth trend in year ‘t’ Gt = At + δD1t + δD2t + Et You’ll notice that your reading deﬁnes another term, Gt, which is the sum of all growth factors OTHER than climate.

44. THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH Rt = At + Ct + δD1t + δD2t + Et climate during year ‘t’

45. temperature water day length

46.

47. THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH Rt = At + Ct + δD1t + δD2t + Et disturbance within the forest

48.

49.

50. THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH Rt = At + Ct + δD1t + δD2t + Et disturbance from outside the forest

51.

52. δD1t + δD2t Both disturbance terms include a value for ‘delta’, which can be either ‘0’ (no disturbance) or ‘1’ (disturbance).

53. THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH Rt = At + Ct + δD1t + δD2t + Et random processes not accounted by other sources

54.

55. SIGNAL vs. NOISE

56.

57. Rt = At + Ct + δD1t + δD2t + Et

58. ation replication replication replication replic ation replication replication replication replic ation replication replication replication replic ation replication replication replication replic ation replication replication replication replic ation replication replication replication replic ation replication replication replication replic ation replication replication replication replic ation replication replication replication replic ation replication replication replication replic

59. THE PRINCIPLE OF REPLICATION Making measurements from (i) more than one radius per tree and (ii) more than one tree per site maximizes the environmental signal and minimizes the amount of environmental ‘noise’.

60. never trust one tree

61.

62. mean of all trees

63. Et can be assumed to be uncorrelated within and between trees in a stand.

64. δD1t Endogenous (‘originating within’) disturbances will be random events in both space and time, if the stand of trees is large enough.

65. δD2t o en is shared by most or all trees within a stand, but may not be shared by all forest stands within a region.

66. never trust one tree

67. Source: St. George et al., Quaternary Research, 2008

68. Source: Cook et al., Earth Science Reviews, 2007

69. At is the tough one.

70.

71. STANDARDIZATION “Standardization” describes a suite of mathematical methods that a empt to remove long-term trends in ringwidth caused by normal physiological aging processes and changes in the surrounding forest community.

72. one of the simplest cases

73. ays! a lw ,not im es om et s At = a × exp -bt +k Changes in ringwidth due to tree age (or size) can sometimes be approximated as a negative exponential function.

74. (A) the ‘raw’ ring-width data

75. (B) the ‘detrending’ curve

76. DIVIDE (A) the raw ring-width data by (B) the ‘detrending’ curve

77. the ‘detrended’ ring-width index

78. removing At

79. THE PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATE TREE GROWTH THE PRINCIPLE OF REPLICATION STANDARDIZATION

Class 7, Extracting signal from tree rings

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Class 7, Extracting signal from tree rings

Similar to Class 7, Extracting signal from tree rings (6)

More from Scott St. George

More from Scott St. George (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Class 7, Extracting signal from tree rings