Bill Gates dropped out of Harvard and founded Microsoft, becoming one of the richest people in the world. He married Melinda Gates in 1994. They founded the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2000 to tackle challenges like poverty and education issues. Guided by a belief in equal treatment, the foundation aims to help people live healthy, productive lives. Jack Sim founded the World Toilet Organization in 1998 to raise standards for public restrooms globally after realizing toilets were often neglected. He has received several awards for his advocacy work but was initially seen as a troublemaker in Singapore.
The first part of this report outlines the strengths and weaknesses of Oxfam ME
on Facebook, as well as, Oxfam International on Twitter.The report also highlights many lacunas that Oxfam ME need to overcome in order to better harness the power of social media, such as: Empowering its own digital property, its company website.
This is a new kind of Rotary partnership. It does not involve RI matching grants. It involves local clubs partnering to create solutions and an impact greater than any of them could do individually.
365 Days of Caring Connects Volunteers and CommunitiesEhab Al Shihabi
Ehab Al Shihabi, a former executive director of international operations at Al Jazeera Media Network, played a pivotal role in establishing Al Jazeera America, Al Jazeera Turk, and Al Jazeera Balkans. He now serves as an advisor to the network’s director general. Ehab Al Shihabi has also demonstrated a notable commitment to furthering the missions of a number of nonprofit programs, including United Way’s 365 Days of Caring.
PONTE VEDRA BEACH, FL — (November 26, 2019) Fulcrum Partners executive benefits advisory announces its participation in GivingTuesday, a global generosity movement. Scheduled for December 3, 2019, the movement is built on the principle of charitably sharing time, talents or abundance with others.
Presentation of World Vision Switzerland for students of UIBS United International Business School Zurich. World Vision is a relief and development organisation, currently working especially at the Horn of Africa hunger crisis region.
Julian Omidi recently refocused his main energy on philanthropic activities and providing aid to the less fortunate. Earlier this year, he and his brother Michael Omidi, MD founded the charity No More Poverty. The organization seeks to end poverty at home and abroad by supporting the efforts of like-minded charities and agencies. Current efforts are focused on increasing awareness of and donations to charities already doing great work to address poverty and its staggering effects throughout the world.
The first part of this report outlines the strengths and weaknesses of Oxfam ME
on Facebook, as well as, Oxfam International on Twitter.The report also highlights many lacunas that Oxfam ME need to overcome in order to better harness the power of social media, such as: Empowering its own digital property, its company website.
This is a new kind of Rotary partnership. It does not involve RI matching grants. It involves local clubs partnering to create solutions and an impact greater than any of them could do individually.
365 Days of Caring Connects Volunteers and CommunitiesEhab Al Shihabi
Ehab Al Shihabi, a former executive director of international operations at Al Jazeera Media Network, played a pivotal role in establishing Al Jazeera America, Al Jazeera Turk, and Al Jazeera Balkans. He now serves as an advisor to the network’s director general. Ehab Al Shihabi has also demonstrated a notable commitment to furthering the missions of a number of nonprofit programs, including United Way’s 365 Days of Caring.
PONTE VEDRA BEACH, FL — (November 26, 2019) Fulcrum Partners executive benefits advisory announces its participation in GivingTuesday, a global generosity movement. Scheduled for December 3, 2019, the movement is built on the principle of charitably sharing time, talents or abundance with others.
Presentation of World Vision Switzerland for students of UIBS United International Business School Zurich. World Vision is a relief and development organisation, currently working especially at the Horn of Africa hunger crisis region.
Julian Omidi recently refocused his main energy on philanthropic activities and providing aid to the less fortunate. Earlier this year, he and his brother Michael Omidi, MD founded the charity No More Poverty. The organization seeks to end poverty at home and abroad by supporting the efforts of like-minded charities and agencies. Current efforts are focused on increasing awareness of and donations to charities already doing great work to address poverty and its staggering effects throughout the world.
Top 4 non-profit organizations in Chicago that make a huge impact in the cityYosef Meystel
Here is a list of four charities that make part of a big list of non-profit, charity organizations in Chicago that are truly doing their job in a really great and impeccable way.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
2. Introduction to Bill and Melinda Gates
Born in 1955, Bill Gates enrolled into Harvard with a SAT score of 1590 out of
1600. Two years later, he dropped out of university and decided to create
Microsoft, a corporation that sells and manufactures computer products. He later
on became one of the richest people in the world. He later on married Melinda
Gates in 1994. Bill Gates has always been a philanthropist and loved helping
people. 6 Years later, they founded the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. They
decided to take on tough challenges, as suggested by Warren Buffet, a friend of
theirs. Both being philanthropists, they tackled many challenges that exist in our
world, such as extreme poverty and the problems with america’s education
system. Guided by the strong belief that everyone deserves to be treated
equally, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation aims to help people lead healthy
and productive lives. This is how Bill Gates, a social entrepreneur had helped
millions of people.
3. Introduction to Jack Sim
Jack Sim, Founder of World Toilet Organization (WTO), has been a successful
businessman since age 24. Having achieved financial success in his 40s, Jack felt
the need to change his direction in life and give back to humanity – he wanted to
live his life according to the motto “Live a useful life”. Jack soon left his business
and embarked on a journey that saw him being the voice for those who could
not speak out and fought for those who were unable to fight for their dignity,
rights and health for the vulnerable and poor worldwide.
Jack discovered that toilets were often neglected and grew concerned that the
topic was often shrouded in embarrassment and apathy; talking toilets was
taboo! Jack felt this led to the neglect of restrooms island wide. In 1998, he
established the Restroom Association of Singapore (RAS) whose mission was to
raise the standards of public toilets in Singapore and around the world.
4. History and Impact of Bill and
Melinda Gates Foundation
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation which was formed in 2000 by Microsoft founder Bill Gates and his wife, Melinda. With its
total assets worth over $40 billion by 2015, the Gates Foundation the largest private philanthropic foundation in the world.
The Gates Foundation spends five percent of its endowment on programs and advocacy concerning education, health, poverty,
climate change, and “clean energy.” The other 95 percent is invested through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Trust, which
is controlled by Bill and Melinda Gates, the Democratic party donor and investor Warren Buffett, who pledged $31 billion to the
Foundation in 2006.
The Foundation spent hundreds of millions of dollars to promote and implement the highly controversial national Common Core
education standards. The funding for the standards stretched from teachers’ unions and business groups to political advocacy
groups, and was embraced by the Obama administration, which eventually hired a number of former Gates Foundation staff.
However, the Foundation has also come under scrutiny for purportedly cornering the market on global health initiatives, and
encroaching on the territory of public organizations with parallel visions such as the World Health Organization. The Foundation
has given more than $78.5 million to the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, International Planned Parenthood
Federation, International Planned Parenthood Federation – European Network, International Planned Parenthood Worldwide, and
Planned Parenthood in both central and western Washington state.
5. History and Impact of Jack Sim’s
ventureWhile long regarded as a bit of a joke at home, Mr Sim's advocacy efforts have gained him ardent
admirers abroad - and a string of accolades to match.
Times magazine has named him their Hero of the Environment twice; he was also lauded as the
Schwab Foundation Social Entrepreneur of the Year in 2006 and Reader's Digest Asian of the Year in
2011.
But 2013 has proven to be a homecoming of sorts for Mr Sim. In July, Singapore tabled a United
Nations resolution calling for better sanitation worldwide - an idea first mooted by the 56-year-old. The
resolution inscribes Nov 19 as World Toilet Day on the UN calendar, making it a day of observance for
all 193 members.
“Before, I was seen as a troublemaker and everyone questioned my intentions. When I said our toilets
were dirty, people thought I was criticising the government, the whole system," recalls Mr Sim, his
usually-placid voice rising a notch with indignation. He even contemplated migrating to Australia.
6. Credits
http://worldtoilet.org/ - Picture of Jack Sim
https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/Letter-from-Bill-and-Melinda-Gates -
Picture Of Bill and Melinda Gates
https://www.influencewatch.org/non-profit/bill-and-melinda-gates-foundation/
http://worldtoilet.org/founder/
http://www.asiaone.com/business/jack-sims-big-business
Names of team members: Zachary Tay, Matthew Tham, Sim Zhi Rong, Sim Kay Wee