This document discusses enabling the development of a space-based economy. It proposes using acoustic shaping and tailored electromagnetic fields to construct large structures in space, like radiation shields, without the need for heavy machinery. Experiments using acoustic shaping to arrange particles in microgravity are described. Infrastructure elements like space habitats and lunar mining are presented as stepping stones to a self-sustaining space-based economy. Challenges around the large costs involved are addressed, arguing that mutual support between different space-based industries could help overcome these challenges.
This document summarizes the agenda and presentations for the November 9, 1999 NIAC Fellows Meeting. It includes an introduction by Dr. Robert Cassanova on transportation infrastructure from ground to air to space. The agenda then lists status reports from NIAC grant recipients on advanced concepts in various areas such as spacecraft propulsion, aeronautics, astronomy, and exploration. Related NIAC grants are also listed to show the connections between projects.
This document discusses the history and technology of communication satellites. It describes how early concepts from Clarke and others led to the first satellites in the late 1950s and 1960s for voice and television broadcasting. Geostationary orbits were proposed and enabled fixed global coverage. Subsequent generations increased capacity and coverage. Today satellites are used globally for telecommunications, TV/radio broadcasting, internet access, and other applications through constellations in low, medium and geostationary orbits.
This document discusses risk management in aerospace projects. It outlines NASA's evolution from projects like Saturn and the Space Shuttle to new projects like Ares I and Ares V. It emphasizes an approach of testing to gain knowledge and reduce risk, rather than testing only for success. Examples are provided of past projects like the Delta Clipper and X-33 that helped define hardware limits through technology demonstration flights. The goal is to discuss lessons learned and techniques for harnessing risk management to enable expanding exploration of space while ensuring crew safety.
This document discusses the partnership between science and NASA's human space flight program over the years. It notes how NASA has contributed to scientific discoveries and technological advancements through missions and projects like Hubble Space Telescope, Mars rovers, Galileo, and Apollo. The document argues that continuing this partnership can enable the construction of increasingly larger space-based telescopes to further scientific knowledge in areas like exoplanet detection, astrophysics, Earth observation, and national security.
This document proposes a vision for a Self Guided Escape Velocity Shuttle (SGEVS) that could travel between astronomical bodies such as planets, stars, and galaxies. It outlines 5 phases for the project: 1) calculating escape velocity, 2) self-guiding after escape velocity is reached, 3) navigating to the destination, 4) self-healing and sustaining itself, and 5) making multiple jumps between locations. It then discusses approaches for calculating gravitational forces, mass, angular momentum, and escape velocity that could enable the SGEVS to navigate and propel itself through space. Renewable cryogenic fuels generated from materials in space are proposed to power the shuttle.
In this paper with the reference of NASA’s MARS Curiosity Rover, this project is meant for a low cost, lightweight and small size unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) which is controlled by NI-myRIO a hardware component of National Instruments can be used for surveying and determining the natural conditions for living beings like identification of gases, collection of picture samples etc., It consists of six individual motors with lightweight chassis for achieving various movements of rover, gas sensors, camera with servos, long-lasting power supply with its required communication tools. The Six wheeled Rover with three or more suspension alignments will move and collect various samples for identification of gases and taking pictures around the astronomical areas automatically by the automated movements.
This document discusses recent accomplishments and future plans in planetary robotics. It summarizes the MER, MSL/Curiosity, and Chinese lunar missions. Current research focuses on improved autonomy through techniques like visual odometry, machine learning from terrain sensors, and differential wheel control. Upcoming missions include the Mars 2020 rover and ExoMars 2020 rover with flexible wheels. Challenges include ensuring mobility in unknown environments through testing and predictive modeling of wheel-soil interactions.
So what launch speed does a satellite need in order to orbit the earth? ... The motion of satellites, like any projectile, is governed by Newton's laws of motion.
This document summarizes the agenda and presentations for the November 9, 1999 NIAC Fellows Meeting. It includes an introduction by Dr. Robert Cassanova on transportation infrastructure from ground to air to space. The agenda then lists status reports from NIAC grant recipients on advanced concepts in various areas such as spacecraft propulsion, aeronautics, astronomy, and exploration. Related NIAC grants are also listed to show the connections between projects.
This document discusses the history and technology of communication satellites. It describes how early concepts from Clarke and others led to the first satellites in the late 1950s and 1960s for voice and television broadcasting. Geostationary orbits were proposed and enabled fixed global coverage. Subsequent generations increased capacity and coverage. Today satellites are used globally for telecommunications, TV/radio broadcasting, internet access, and other applications through constellations in low, medium and geostationary orbits.
This document discusses risk management in aerospace projects. It outlines NASA's evolution from projects like Saturn and the Space Shuttle to new projects like Ares I and Ares V. It emphasizes an approach of testing to gain knowledge and reduce risk, rather than testing only for success. Examples are provided of past projects like the Delta Clipper and X-33 that helped define hardware limits through technology demonstration flights. The goal is to discuss lessons learned and techniques for harnessing risk management to enable expanding exploration of space while ensuring crew safety.
This document discusses the partnership between science and NASA's human space flight program over the years. It notes how NASA has contributed to scientific discoveries and technological advancements through missions and projects like Hubble Space Telescope, Mars rovers, Galileo, and Apollo. The document argues that continuing this partnership can enable the construction of increasingly larger space-based telescopes to further scientific knowledge in areas like exoplanet detection, astrophysics, Earth observation, and national security.
This document proposes a vision for a Self Guided Escape Velocity Shuttle (SGEVS) that could travel between astronomical bodies such as planets, stars, and galaxies. It outlines 5 phases for the project: 1) calculating escape velocity, 2) self-guiding after escape velocity is reached, 3) navigating to the destination, 4) self-healing and sustaining itself, and 5) making multiple jumps between locations. It then discusses approaches for calculating gravitational forces, mass, angular momentum, and escape velocity that could enable the SGEVS to navigate and propel itself through space. Renewable cryogenic fuels generated from materials in space are proposed to power the shuttle.
In this paper with the reference of NASA’s MARS Curiosity Rover, this project is meant for a low cost, lightweight and small size unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) which is controlled by NI-myRIO a hardware component of National Instruments can be used for surveying and determining the natural conditions for living beings like identification of gases, collection of picture samples etc., It consists of six individual motors with lightweight chassis for achieving various movements of rover, gas sensors, camera with servos, long-lasting power supply with its required communication tools. The Six wheeled Rover with three or more suspension alignments will move and collect various samples for identification of gases and taking pictures around the astronomical areas automatically by the automated movements.
This document discusses recent accomplishments and future plans in planetary robotics. It summarizes the MER, MSL/Curiosity, and Chinese lunar missions. Current research focuses on improved autonomy through techniques like visual odometry, machine learning from terrain sensors, and differential wheel control. Upcoming missions include the Mars 2020 rover and ExoMars 2020 rover with flexible wheels. Challenges include ensuring mobility in unknown environments through testing and predictive modeling of wheel-soil interactions.
So what launch speed does a satellite need in order to orbit the earth? ... The motion of satellites, like any projectile, is governed by Newton's laws of motion.
An artificial satellite is a man-made object sent into space to orbit Earth or another celestial body. Satellites serve various functions including telecommunications, military surveillance, weather monitoring, and exploring the universe. Key parts of a weather satellite include monitoring chambers, storage for collected data, antennas, instruments to measure greenhouse gases, solar panels, and cloud sensors. Satellites provide essential information for disaster response, such as evacuation planning, and capturing images of natural disasters like flooding and fires.
JAXA's space science program includes past, present, and future international collaborations with NASA and ESA. Recent JAXA missions discussed include Hayabusa, Akatsuki, Hayabusa 2, and Hitomi (Astro-H). Hitomi's launch and initial operation were successful, but communication was lost. JAXA is investigating the cause and working to maintain strong partnerships going forward. Upcoming strategic large missions discussed include Martian Moons Explorer (MMX), SPICA, and participation in Athena and JUICE.
This document discusses space robotics and some of its applications. It begins by explaining the importance of space robotics due to the harsh and hazardous conditions of outer space. Space robots can perform tasks less expensively and with less risk than humans. The document then discusses some of the fundamental research challenges in areas like mobility, manipulation, and time delay. It provides examples of applications like planetary rovers and robots used on the International Space Station. In closing, it briefly discusses robotic systems like Robonaut that combine mobility and manipulation capabilities.
The SPOT satellite is designed to transmit solar power from orbit around Mars to ground stations on Mars to power rovers. It will use a Hohmann transfer orbit to reach Mars, where 98 square meters of solar panels and radioisotope thermoelectric generators will wirelessly transmit power through a high gain antenna. Additionally, five cameras will provide constant imagery of Mars to astronauts. The satellite will achieve a "geostationary-like" orbit 17,000 km above Mars to maintain constant communication with ground stations as it transmits power and images.
There is significant interest in exploring the polar regions of the Moon with the aim of finding water ice at the bottom of permanently shadowed craters. However, little is known about the regolith properties in these shadowed regions and there are concerns that the regolith could be highly porous and that exploration rovers and landers may sink irretrievably into soft soils. In this study, conducted by graduate interns at the Lunar and Planetary Institute, we use imagery of lunar boulder tracks to investigate the regolith properties in polar craters.
The document discusses proposals for a one-way human mission to Mars that would establish a permanent human presence without the capability to return to Earth. It outlines a plan to produce return fuel on Mars through in-situ resource utilization to convert Martian atmospheric CO2 and hydrogen brought from Earth into methane and oxygen rocket fuel. While some argue a one-way mission could reduce costs and risks, the document assesses that the total cost savings may be limited and risks are not necessarily lower given the long-term challenges of maintaining humans on Mars indefinitely. An alternative architecture is proposed using electric tugs to transport cargo prior to crew arrival in order to reduce payload sizes and risks of entry, descent, and landing.
The Mars Science Laboratory mission involves sending a rover named Curiosity to explore the Gale crater on Mars. Curiosity will analyze samples collected from rocks and soil using the most advanced scientific instruments ever sent to Mars' surface. It aims to investigate whether environmental conditions on Mars have ever been favorable for microbial life. Curiosity will use a precision landing technique involving a parachute and sky crane to lower it safely to the Martian surface in August 2012. It carries a suite of instruments to study the chemistry and mineralogy of samples and the environment using techniques like laser spectroscopy.
This document discusses several projects being conducted by Los Alamos National Laboratory to advance space situational awareness and space-based science and technology. The projects include developing software to detect gamma-ray bursts, constructing a sky map of the solar system, and sending a supercomputer into space on the Cibola Flight Experiment. The document also mentions developing sensors for the Cassini spacecraft to study Saturn and developing models to better understand radiation belts and accelerating electrons in Earth's magnetic field.
Nasa's Curiosity rover is nearing Mars and will attempt a difficult landing on Monday, August 6th to search for signs that Mars could once have supported life. The rover is in excellent condition as it approaches Mars at 13,000 km/h. It faces a challenging automated landing sequence to slow its descent and lower it to the surface of Gale Crater using rockets and cables. Engineers are monitoring the landing from JPL in California but there will be a 13 minute communication delay. The landing attempt is a major challenge but could yield insights into Mars' potential for past life.
Apartes de la conferencia de la SJG del 14 y 21 de Enero de 2012: Alternative...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
1. The document discusses nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED) as an alternative field theory to explain the Pioneer anomaly.
2. NLED predicts that photons travel along an effective metric rather than the background geometry, which can result in photon acceleration and a shift in photon frequency.
3. Several Lagrangian formulations of NLED are reviewed, including the Heisenberg-Euler approach, which describes photon dynamics and predicts that electromagnetic fields affect the propagation of photons in vacuum.
This study analyzed cost growth for 20 NASA Science Mission Directorate missions launched between 2000-2009. It found that on average, total life cycle costs grew 56% from the beginning of Phase B to launch. Major cost growth occurred in Project Management, Payloads, and Ground Data Systems. The majority of cost growth for most categories occurred after the Critical Design Review phase of development.
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
ILOA Galaxy Forum Europe 2013 - solar system exploration - hajime yanoILOAHawaii
The document summarizes two Japanese space missions: Hayabusa and IKAROS. Hayabusa was the first mission to return asteroid samples to Earth, rendezvousing with the asteroid Itokawa in 2005 and returning samples in 2010. It established key technologies for deep space exploration. Analysis of the Itokawa samples provided insights into asteroid composition and evolution. The IKAROS mission in 2010 demonstrated solar sail technology, the first time a solar sail propelled a spacecraft. It helped pave the way for future outer planet exploration using solar sails.
Science Literacy Article 1 for August 16, 2012Jeth Tabotabo
NASA's Curiosity rover on Mars will undergo a "brain transplant" over the weekend to install new software better suited for driving and using its robotic arm. The new software was designed for surface operations and includes image processing to help the rover autonomously identify and avoid hazards during longer drives. While the software update occurs, the science team will continue analyzing images and planning which features to investigate using Curiosity's sophisticated science instruments, which are significantly more advanced than those of previous Mars rovers.
In Situ Geophysical Exploration by Humans in Mars Analog EnvironmentsBrian Shiro
Presented on May 13, 2010 at the University of North Dakota's 997 symposium. Summarizes the research projects I carried out on two analog Mars missions in 2009 and 2010.
The presentation discusses the evolution of space-based magnetometers from early fluxgate designs to more advanced solid-state technologies. It provides context on magnetometry and its importance for scientific discovery in fields like heliophysics, planetary science, and earth science. Examples are given of magnetometers used on past and current NASA missions. The presentation then shifts to discussing the speaker's current research developing a new silicon carbide magnetometer for space applications.
1) File uploads in PHP require configuring php.ini settings like enabling file uploads and setting temporary storage directories with correct permissions.
2) Forms for file uploads need to use POST with multipart/form-data encoding and include file input fields and hidden fields.
3) PHP stores uploaded files in the $_FILES array, including the temporary filename, size, type, and original name, which can then be processed and moved to a permanent location.
Running and Developing Tests with the Apache::Test Frameworkwebhostingguy
The Apache::Test framework allows running and developing tests for Apache modules and products. Key features include:
- Running existing tests through the t/TEST program
- Setting up a new testing environment by installing Apache::Test and generating a Makefile
- Developing new tests by writing Perl scripts that use Apache::Test functions and assert results
- Options for running tests individually, repeatedly without restarts, or in parallel on different ports
This document provides instructions on installing and configuring memcached to improve the performance and scalability of MySQL. Memcached is installed using package managers or by compiling from source. It is configured to listen on ports and interfaces, allocate memory, and set thread counts. The typical usage involves applications loading data from MySQL into memcached for faster retrieval, with MySQL as the backing store if data is not found in the cache.
The document discusses Novell iChain, a solution for securing web applications and servers. It provides single sign-on, encrypts data as it passes through proxies, and removes direct access to web servers. It authenticates users through LDAP or certificates and authorizes access through rules stored in eDirectory. This simplifies management and security across multiple web server platforms and applications.
Load-balancing web servers Load-balancing web serverswebhostingguy
The document discusses different approaches to load balancing web servers to address issues like scaling performance, tolerating failures, and rolling upgrades. It describes three common solutions: redirecting requests through a front-end server; using round-robin DNS to distribute requests; and employing an intelligent load balancer switch that can distribute requests based on server load and detect failures. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages related to ease of implementation, visibility to users, and ability to handle session state. The document also discusses network designs and protocols involved in load balancing, including TCP connection setup and teardown.
The document compares three methods for consolidating SQL Server databases: 1) multiple databases on a single SQL Server instance, 2) a single database on multiple SQL Server instances, and 3) hypervisor-based virtualization. It finds that consolidating multiple databases onto a single instance has the lowest direct costs but reduces security and manageability. Using multiple instances improves security but has higher resource needs. Hypervisor-based virtualization maintains security while enabling features like high availability, but has higher licensing costs. The document aims to help decide which approach best balances these technical and business factors for a given environment.
An artificial satellite is a man-made object sent into space to orbit Earth or another celestial body. Satellites serve various functions including telecommunications, military surveillance, weather monitoring, and exploring the universe. Key parts of a weather satellite include monitoring chambers, storage for collected data, antennas, instruments to measure greenhouse gases, solar panels, and cloud sensors. Satellites provide essential information for disaster response, such as evacuation planning, and capturing images of natural disasters like flooding and fires.
JAXA's space science program includes past, present, and future international collaborations with NASA and ESA. Recent JAXA missions discussed include Hayabusa, Akatsuki, Hayabusa 2, and Hitomi (Astro-H). Hitomi's launch and initial operation were successful, but communication was lost. JAXA is investigating the cause and working to maintain strong partnerships going forward. Upcoming strategic large missions discussed include Martian Moons Explorer (MMX), SPICA, and participation in Athena and JUICE.
This document discusses space robotics and some of its applications. It begins by explaining the importance of space robotics due to the harsh and hazardous conditions of outer space. Space robots can perform tasks less expensively and with less risk than humans. The document then discusses some of the fundamental research challenges in areas like mobility, manipulation, and time delay. It provides examples of applications like planetary rovers and robots used on the International Space Station. In closing, it briefly discusses robotic systems like Robonaut that combine mobility and manipulation capabilities.
The SPOT satellite is designed to transmit solar power from orbit around Mars to ground stations on Mars to power rovers. It will use a Hohmann transfer orbit to reach Mars, where 98 square meters of solar panels and radioisotope thermoelectric generators will wirelessly transmit power through a high gain antenna. Additionally, five cameras will provide constant imagery of Mars to astronauts. The satellite will achieve a "geostationary-like" orbit 17,000 km above Mars to maintain constant communication with ground stations as it transmits power and images.
There is significant interest in exploring the polar regions of the Moon with the aim of finding water ice at the bottom of permanently shadowed craters. However, little is known about the regolith properties in these shadowed regions and there are concerns that the regolith could be highly porous and that exploration rovers and landers may sink irretrievably into soft soils. In this study, conducted by graduate interns at the Lunar and Planetary Institute, we use imagery of lunar boulder tracks to investigate the regolith properties in polar craters.
The document discusses proposals for a one-way human mission to Mars that would establish a permanent human presence without the capability to return to Earth. It outlines a plan to produce return fuel on Mars through in-situ resource utilization to convert Martian atmospheric CO2 and hydrogen brought from Earth into methane and oxygen rocket fuel. While some argue a one-way mission could reduce costs and risks, the document assesses that the total cost savings may be limited and risks are not necessarily lower given the long-term challenges of maintaining humans on Mars indefinitely. An alternative architecture is proposed using electric tugs to transport cargo prior to crew arrival in order to reduce payload sizes and risks of entry, descent, and landing.
The Mars Science Laboratory mission involves sending a rover named Curiosity to explore the Gale crater on Mars. Curiosity will analyze samples collected from rocks and soil using the most advanced scientific instruments ever sent to Mars' surface. It aims to investigate whether environmental conditions on Mars have ever been favorable for microbial life. Curiosity will use a precision landing technique involving a parachute and sky crane to lower it safely to the Martian surface in August 2012. It carries a suite of instruments to study the chemistry and mineralogy of samples and the environment using techniques like laser spectroscopy.
This document discusses several projects being conducted by Los Alamos National Laboratory to advance space situational awareness and space-based science and technology. The projects include developing software to detect gamma-ray bursts, constructing a sky map of the solar system, and sending a supercomputer into space on the Cibola Flight Experiment. The document also mentions developing sensors for the Cassini spacecraft to study Saturn and developing models to better understand radiation belts and accelerating electrons in Earth's magnetic field.
Nasa's Curiosity rover is nearing Mars and will attempt a difficult landing on Monday, August 6th to search for signs that Mars could once have supported life. The rover is in excellent condition as it approaches Mars at 13,000 km/h. It faces a challenging automated landing sequence to slow its descent and lower it to the surface of Gale Crater using rockets and cables. Engineers are monitoring the landing from JPL in California but there will be a 13 minute communication delay. The landing attempt is a major challenge but could yield insights into Mars' potential for past life.
Apartes de la conferencia de la SJG del 14 y 21 de Enero de 2012: Alternative...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
1. The document discusses nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED) as an alternative field theory to explain the Pioneer anomaly.
2. NLED predicts that photons travel along an effective metric rather than the background geometry, which can result in photon acceleration and a shift in photon frequency.
3. Several Lagrangian formulations of NLED are reviewed, including the Heisenberg-Euler approach, which describes photon dynamics and predicts that electromagnetic fields affect the propagation of photons in vacuum.
This study analyzed cost growth for 20 NASA Science Mission Directorate missions launched between 2000-2009. It found that on average, total life cycle costs grew 56% from the beginning of Phase B to launch. Major cost growth occurred in Project Management, Payloads, and Ground Data Systems. The majority of cost growth for most categories occurred after the Critical Design Review phase of development.
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
ILOA Galaxy Forum Europe 2013 - solar system exploration - hajime yanoILOAHawaii
The document summarizes two Japanese space missions: Hayabusa and IKAROS. Hayabusa was the first mission to return asteroid samples to Earth, rendezvousing with the asteroid Itokawa in 2005 and returning samples in 2010. It established key technologies for deep space exploration. Analysis of the Itokawa samples provided insights into asteroid composition and evolution. The IKAROS mission in 2010 demonstrated solar sail technology, the first time a solar sail propelled a spacecraft. It helped pave the way for future outer planet exploration using solar sails.
Science Literacy Article 1 for August 16, 2012Jeth Tabotabo
NASA's Curiosity rover on Mars will undergo a "brain transplant" over the weekend to install new software better suited for driving and using its robotic arm. The new software was designed for surface operations and includes image processing to help the rover autonomously identify and avoid hazards during longer drives. While the software update occurs, the science team will continue analyzing images and planning which features to investigate using Curiosity's sophisticated science instruments, which are significantly more advanced than those of previous Mars rovers.
In Situ Geophysical Exploration by Humans in Mars Analog EnvironmentsBrian Shiro
Presented on May 13, 2010 at the University of North Dakota's 997 symposium. Summarizes the research projects I carried out on two analog Mars missions in 2009 and 2010.
The presentation discusses the evolution of space-based magnetometers from early fluxgate designs to more advanced solid-state technologies. It provides context on magnetometry and its importance for scientific discovery in fields like heliophysics, planetary science, and earth science. Examples are given of magnetometers used on past and current NASA missions. The presentation then shifts to discussing the speaker's current research developing a new silicon carbide magnetometer for space applications.
1) File uploads in PHP require configuring php.ini settings like enabling file uploads and setting temporary storage directories with correct permissions.
2) Forms for file uploads need to use POST with multipart/form-data encoding and include file input fields and hidden fields.
3) PHP stores uploaded files in the $_FILES array, including the temporary filename, size, type, and original name, which can then be processed and moved to a permanent location.
Running and Developing Tests with the Apache::Test Frameworkwebhostingguy
The Apache::Test framework allows running and developing tests for Apache modules and products. Key features include:
- Running existing tests through the t/TEST program
- Setting up a new testing environment by installing Apache::Test and generating a Makefile
- Developing new tests by writing Perl scripts that use Apache::Test functions and assert results
- Options for running tests individually, repeatedly without restarts, or in parallel on different ports
This document provides instructions on installing and configuring memcached to improve the performance and scalability of MySQL. Memcached is installed using package managers or by compiling from source. It is configured to listen on ports and interfaces, allocate memory, and set thread counts. The typical usage involves applications loading data from MySQL into memcached for faster retrieval, with MySQL as the backing store if data is not found in the cache.
The document discusses Novell iChain, a solution for securing web applications and servers. It provides single sign-on, encrypts data as it passes through proxies, and removes direct access to web servers. It authenticates users through LDAP or certificates and authorizes access through rules stored in eDirectory. This simplifies management and security across multiple web server platforms and applications.
Load-balancing web servers Load-balancing web serverswebhostingguy
The document discusses different approaches to load balancing web servers to address issues like scaling performance, tolerating failures, and rolling upgrades. It describes three common solutions: redirecting requests through a front-end server; using round-robin DNS to distribute requests; and employing an intelligent load balancer switch that can distribute requests based on server load and detect failures. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages related to ease of implementation, visibility to users, and ability to handle session state. The document also discusses network designs and protocols involved in load balancing, including TCP connection setup and teardown.
The document compares three methods for consolidating SQL Server databases: 1) multiple databases on a single SQL Server instance, 2) a single database on multiple SQL Server instances, and 3) hypervisor-based virtualization. It finds that consolidating multiple databases onto a single instance has the lowest direct costs but reduces security and manageability. Using multiple instances improves security but has higher resource needs. Hypervisor-based virtualization maintains security while enabling features like high availability, but has higher licensing costs. The document aims to help decide which approach best balances these technical and business factors for a given environment.
Mod_perl brings together the Apache web server and Perl programming language. It allows Apache to be configured and extended using Perl, and significantly accelerates dynamic Perl content. Mod_perl supports Apache versions 1.3 and 2.x and integrates Perl at every stage of the request process to provide great flexibility and control over Apache functionality. The mod_perl community provides extensive documentation and quick support responses.
Mod_perl brings together the Apache web server and Perl programming language. It allows Apache to be configured and extended using Perl, and significantly accelerates dynamic Perl content. Mod_perl supports Apache versions 1.3 and 2.x and integrates Perl at every stage of the request process to provide great flexibility and control over Apache functionality. The mod_perl community provides extensive documentation and quick support responses.
The document discusses various aspects of designing an effective website, including analyzing content and target audiences, organizing site structure and navigation, and implementing design elements. The key steps outlined are to analyze content and audience needs, organize the site structure into main sections and subsections, and implement an intuitive navigation system to help users easily find relevant information. Maintaining and optimizing the site over time are also emphasized.
This white paper provides an architectural overview and configuration guidelines for deploying Microsoft SQL Server 2005 with Microsoft Windows Server 2008 on Dell PowerEdge servers and Dell storage systems. It documents best practices for implementing SQL Server 2005 solutions using Dell hardware and software components that have been tested and validated to help ensure successful deployment and optimal performance. The white paper covers storage configuration, network configuration, operating system configuration, and SQL Server configuration recommendations.
1. The document discusses the evolution of business models for IT infrastructure from proprietary systems within individual companies to more open standards and shared infrastructure leveraging the internet.
2. It describes new service models like client-server computing, web services, and on-demand/utility computing which allow flexible provisioning of computing resources on a needs basis.
3. Managing diverse IT infrastructures requires considerations around outsourcing non-core functions, developing service level agreements, managing legacy systems, and aligning infrastructure capabilities to business strategy through appropriate investment.
The document discusses different types of websites that can be created for business purposes including traditional, blog-based, and group/network sites. It provides information on setting up each type of site for free or at low cost using online tools or designers, and how to add features like domains, payment systems, and linking domains to sites. Options for free and cheap site creation using tools like Google Sites are demonstrated.
This document outlines Saint Louis University's strategy for improving power management of IT equipment to reduce costs and environmental impact. Key points include:
1) SLU aims to standardize power-optimized default settings on all managed PCs and laptops through automated software and establish policies around exceptions and existing devices.
2) Potential savings are estimated from generational improvements in computer hardware and adopting lower-power modes like sleep versus screensavers.
3) The strategy also involves consolidating servers, enabling energy-efficient settings on printers and other electronics, and establishing institutional goals around student computer energy use.
Excel and SQL Quick Tricks for Merchandiserswebhostingguy
This document provides instructions for using Microsoft SQL and Excel to extract data from a SmartSite SQL database, manipulate it in Excel using functions, and update the SQL tables with the modified data to streamline content work. It covers connecting to and querying SQL databases, common Excel functions for editing data, and steps for importing an Excel file into a SQL table to update information. Examples of specific SQL queries and Excel functions are provided along with a scenario walking through the full process.
The document discusses various topics related to virtualization including drivers for virtualization, practical applications, definitions of terms like virtualization and paravirtualization, and tools like Xen, VMWare, and Microsoft virtualization products. It provides information on installing and configuring Xen on SuSE Linux, discusses security and auditing considerations for Xen, and demonstrates Xen functionality.
The document discusses strategies for converting low-value hosting clients into high-value customers by marketing additional services. It recommends continuously marketing to clients through email, forums, blogs and surveys to promote add-on services like collaboration tools, applications, and infrastructure-as-a-service offerings which can significantly increase revenue per client. Measuring marketing campaigns and conversions is key to optimizing efforts to up-sell existing clients.
Microsoft PowerPoint presentation 2.175 Mbwebhostingguy
The document discusses WebMapping Solutions and their products and services. It summarizes their middleware and mapping tools like MapBroker, Generic GUI Builder, and MapOrganiser. MapBroker powers many of their applications. Their products allow users to build custom web mapping applications and manage both geographic and non-geographic data in a single view. Their services include publishing data online, application development, and strategic consulting. Some examples of government and organization clients are listed.
This document provides an overview and guide for using HSPcomplete, a hosting automation solution that allows hosting service providers to manage infrastructure, billing, sales channels, and e-commerce through a single system. It describes HSPcomplete's advantages like integrated billing and credit card processing, virtual private server management, and domain registration. Hardware, software, and user requirements for HSPcomplete deployment are also outlined.
1. Cities in Space:
Articulating the Space Based Economy
Narayanan Komerath
Priya Gopalakrishnan
Sam Wanis
School of Aerospace Engineering,
Georgia Institute of Technology
With generous support from the GSGC, Texas
Source: www.nasa.gov
SGC/NASA JSC, USRA/NIAC and Georgia Tech
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
2. Outline
Cities in Space
The Space-Based Economy
Acoustic Shaping in Microgravity: Experiments
Tailored Force Fields
“NASA Means Business”
Into Show-Biz…
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
3. The natural resources available within the Near Solar System
are a few orders of magnitude greater than those on Earth
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
4. In reaching out for them, we will discover, invent and develop ideas
whose impact will be greater by many more orders of magnitude
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
5. Year 2050 – The Space-Based Economy
Self-sustaining Economy
Support/Service Economy
Lunar Launcher
Lunar Manufacturing
Space Habitats Lunar Mining
2015 Lunar Resources Lunar Power
2010 GEO/ L1 Station Orbit transfer vehicles
2005 Space Station; Maintenance; Refueling; Repair; Robotics
Com-sats; Sensing, Exploration; Military; Research
1950s –70s Launch To Earth Orbit; Race to the Moon
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
6. Example of “Space-Based Business”
Customers, Facilities and Suppliers all Located Away From Earth
(Developed by High School Students under the NASA “SHARP-PLUS” program)
Georgia Space Grant Consortium project
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
7. The Space Yellow Pages: Primary Projects
Human Missions to Mars
Robotic Planetary Missions
Lunar Resources
Return to the Moon:
Heavy Lift + CEV
Hubble Space Telescope
Science Probes
GALILEO Com-sats
GPS GLONASS
Race to the Moon:
Heavy Lift
Remote Sensing
ISS Microgravity Research
Military Satellites
Launch To Earth Orbit
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
8. The Space Yellow Pages: Level Two Projects
Lunar Launcher
Human Missions to Mars
Robotic Planetary Missions Lunar Steel
GEO/ L1 Station Lunar Resources
BOEING HABITATS Return to the Moon: Lunar Manufacturing
Heavy Lift + CEV
Lunar Power
Hubble Space Telescope EVA Repairs Lunar Base Supply
Hydrogen to the Moon
Science Probes
Commercial Lunar Mining
Satellite Refuel
GALILEO Com-sats
GPS Orbit transfer vehicles
Race to the Moon:
Heavy Lift
Remote Sensing
Fuel for Military Satellites ISS Microgravity Research
Fuel Storage Station
Military Satellites ISS Resupply
Space Spare Parts Inc
Launch To Earth Orbit
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
9. The Space Yellow Pages: Level Three Industry
Lunar Launcher
BOEING MarsCyclers Inc
Asteroid Belt Prospectors Lunar Fuels Inc Lunar Steel
GEO/ L1 Station
BOEING HABITATS Lunar Manufacturing
Lunar Power
L 2 Space Telescope EVA Repairs Lunar Base Supply
Hydrogen to the Moon
Octopus Robotic Repairs Solar Positioning System
Commercial Lunar Mining
Satellite Refuel
Com-sats
Orbit transfer vehicles R3D3 Robots‟R‟Us
GPS
GALILEO
Solar System Prospecting Space Defense & Law Authority
Fuel Storage Station Fuel for Military Satellites ISS
ISS Resupply
Space Spare Parts Inc
Earth Transport
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
10. The Space Yellow Pages: Level Four: Space-based Business
Far Side Mineral Water
North Avenue Emag Constructions
Lunar Launcher
Translunar Rail Authority
Orbital Junk & Salvage
Sunspot Cruises Inc Lunar Manufacturing
BOEING MarsCyclers Inc Ace Space Ice Inc.
GEO/ L1 Station
Tranquility Titanium Inc Lunar Oxygen Lunar Power
Jupiter Nuclear Propulsion Inc Mars & Beyond: Expeditions Lunar Mining
Copernicus Metals Inc
Inner Planet Transport System Orbit transfer vehicles
Deep Breath
Life Support Systems
Ocean of Storms Solar Panels Inc Acoustic Shaping Inc
Lunar Football League Cislunar Convention Center
New Mexico Helium-3 Inc
Space Engine Repair Inc Orbit Emergency Medical Inc
Delta Space Lines Micro-G Chiropractors
Float Bloat
Micro-G Burgers Inc
Inflatable Structures Inc
Omaha Fuel Cells Inc
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
11. NASA Strategic Plan for Human Exploration of Mars: An Opinion Based on Observation
1985: Permanent Colonies on Mars by 2035.
1999: Reference Mission. Six Astronauts to
Mars & back by 2018,
2 more missions to follow
Ambition
2000: Systematic set of
robotic missions
followed by human
mission by 2020
2004: Moon landing by 2008; Moon base 2016;
missions to Mars; nuclear energy OK
2001: Robotic
exploration of Mars
from orbit,
robotic landers “in the
next 20 years”.
1985 2000 2015 2030
Time
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
12. Building Cities in Space
Major obstacles:
- Radiation shield
construction
- Need for artificial
gravity
- Need for “critical
mass” of commercial
interest
Interior of Space Settlement „Island One‟: (from the 1970s)
Courtesy SSI
http://www.ssi.org/slideshow.html
Source: www.nasa.gov
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
13. Gravity, Rotation and Radiation
•Humans need near 1g: 9.8m/s^2 “gravity” for long-term living.
•Artificial gravity at rim of rotating wheel: Rotation rate must be lower than 1
RPM to avoid disorientation. Radius ~ 1km.
•Radiation in Space (solar neutrons, charged particles + gamma rays +
cosmic rays):humans cannot survive.
•Need .5m of water or 2m of soil to stop radiation
Mass & “weight” of shield for 2km diameter habitat are huge!
Note: Today‟s space stations do not have artificial gravity, or sufficient
shielding. If a solar storm occurs, astronauts go inside small shelters, but
exposure accumulates.
No solution for long-duration mission (e.g. Mars).
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
15. Learning to Build Without Machine Tools:
The Acoustic Shaping Project
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
16. ACOUSTIC SHAPING
•Experiments on the NASA KC-135 “Vomit Comet” - Reduced Gravity Student
Flight Opportunities Program:1997- 2000.
•Team of AE sophomores first studied the behavior of a multitude of particles in
a resonant acoustic chamber, in reduced gravity.
•
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
17. ACOUSTIC SHAPING
Wall formation process: KC-135 test. Frequency 800 Hz
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
18. Works with most materials, and with liquids
In micro-gravity, solid particles in a resonant chamber assume stable locations along surfaces
parallel to nodal planes of the standing-wave. Liquids in finite-g form walls along nodes – which
are regions of lower static pressure.
Irregular grain:
microgravity
Hollow Al2O3/ Al
spheres:
microgravity
Powder
suspended in
water: 1-g
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
19. Extension of Acoustic to Electromagnetic Shaping
Tailored Force Fields
Can large radiation shields be constructed far away from Earth before
humans have to go there?
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
20. Radiation-Shielded, 1-G Station at Earth-Sun L-5 for NEO
Resource Exploitation
Example:
Particle diameter: 0.2m
Wavelength: 100m
Particle acceleration: 10-6 g
Resonator intensity: 328 MW/m2 Per module: Power input: 258 MW
Resonator Q-factor: 10,000 Active field time: 13 hrs
Beam diameter = 100m Solar Collector efficiency: 10%
Collector area w/o storage: 2 sq.km
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
21. Why Have Cities Not Been Built in Space Yet?
Radiation Shield?
Artificial Gravity?
•No commercial success path
•No convergence of interests
•No rationale for public support
•No CLEAR VISION AND PLAN articulated to the
public
•NASA view: “We are at the service of the Public”
•Public view: “We are waiting for NASA to guide us!
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
22. “NASA Means Business”
Annual competition hosted by Texas SGC/NASA JSC to:
“Business Plan to help NASA Strategic Plan for Mars Exploration.” („99-2000)
“Help develop a “Customer Engagement Plan” (2001-02)
Help articulate role of Mars missions (2003)
Articulate role of ISS (2004)
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
23. The $10B Dip
Every Business Plan for a small Space-based enterprise is faced with a
need for at least $10B in investment, with no return for 10 years or
more.
Why: No infrastructure, no repair, no rescue, no synergy with other
such businesses.
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
24. Effect of Infrastructure on Commercial Feasibility
NPV Boosters
1200
1000
800
NPV (M$)
600
400
200
0
Baseline NASA in R&D E-mag launch Both
-200 capability
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
25. Summary of the Space-Based Economy
Concept
•Buyers, Sellers, Suppliers, Manufacturers, are located
beyond Earth.
-Critical Mass of mutual interest and investment required to
trigger process.
-Infrastructure development with long-term plan.
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
26. Future Entrepreneurs Are Already Thinking!!!
Courtesy: Centennial Elementary School, Atlanta, GA. 2nd Grade, April 2001
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
27. How do we gather support for a Space-based Economy?
Everyone on Earth is a stake-holder in such an economy
Investment in Space technology seen as commercial investment, not
just as investment in knowledge-generation
Critical needs identified by GSU Strategic Marketing classes:
– Reliable, easy-access knowledge on problems, opportunities, and methods.
– Realistic expectation that “NASA Means Business” – government
commitment to infrastructure development
– User-friendly access to space experiment development and launches.
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
28. From Aerospace Engineering Into Show-Biz…
“NASA Means Business” Competition 2003:
“Develop Public Service Announcements to articulate the reasons to support the
Space program, specifically the relevance of Mars missions”
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
29. Our Message
•What has the space program done for us?
•NASA‟s Not Just For Astronauts
•So where does your money go?
•MARS as a stepping stone
•Where is the space program headed?
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
30. What has the space program done for us?
Materials
Toys
Advanced shoe design
and manufacturing
PC’s
Weather
Extended Weather
Improved Aircraft Engine Forecasting
forecasting
MRI and CAT Scans
Earth Resource Management
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
31. NASA‟s Not Just For Astronauts
Medical Doctors
Scientists and Engineers
Mission Operations
Management
Technicians
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
32. So where does your money go?
Space Exploration Education
Programs
Employees – Salaries
Circulates through the economy
$1 technical expenditure = $3 of new business
Communication
Transportation
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
33. MARS as a stepping stone
Water?? R & D – Robotics,
Communications.
Fuel generation Habitats Lander technology
Terraforming?
Low gravity
operations
Search for Life / signs of E-T
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
34. Where is the space program headed?
Future Ambitions
Space Cities Asteroid Hotels
Not-so distant Future
Orbiters, Net Landers,
Scout Missions
Lunar Mining
Human Habitation
Mars Global Present Space Programs
Surveyor
International Space
2001 Mars Odyssey Station
Past Explorations
Mariner 3 & 4
Viking Lander School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
35. Please visit our websites:
http://www.adl.gatech.edu/research/tff/
http://www.adl.gatech.edu/research/tff/acoustic_shaping.html
http://www.ae.gatech.edu/research/windtunnel/nmb/nmbhome.html
Stay tuned for sample PSA …
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
36. Infrastructure Investment is the Key
The economics of starting a space-based production company are
heavily dependent on the presence of a rudimentary infrastructure.
A national-level investment in space-based infrastructure is
an essential catalyst for the development of a space-based economy.
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
37. Summary: Enabling Steps For Space-Based Manufacturing
ENABLING STEP: Shuttle Main Tank Farm (or other large
station) in LEO:
- large-volume construction facilities; fuel storage; parts storage;
- jump-start human presenceScience Institute
Courtesy: Space
Courtesy: Space Science Institute
ENABLING STEP: Robot-built, Solar-powered Mass Driver on the Moon
- enable commercial metal extraction; propellant extraction
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
38. Advantages of Space Based Economy Approach
The business plan of a single industry that may appear risky when viewed by
itself, becomes realistic when patched into the network of a Space based
Economy
Efficiencies of scale and mutual interest, providing viable solutions to today‟s
“insurmountable” problems.
Various pieces of the SBE support each other : Path to a self- sustaining
economy which generates wealth for Earth-based investors.
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
39. Creating Examples of “Space-Based Business”
Criteria: Customers, Facilities and Suppliers all Located Away From Earth
•Devise a Business Plan & Technical Plan.
•Identify supplier/customer needs
•Publicize: Show opportunities!
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
40. FORCES IN UNSTEADY2.7 b 143186.56 FIELDS
POTENTIAL
2 3
A k R
STANDING WAVE FIELDS:
k 2
F ( z) 5 sin ( 2 k z)
Particles Drift into Stable “Traps”. Theory similar for acoustic or e-mag fields!
6 b
•For size << l, standing wave trap force ~ 103 times single-beam force. A 2 R 3
•Trap stiffness in standing wave trap ~ 107 times single-beam value.12 b c os ( 2 k z)
D ( z) 5
•Source only needs to provide small gain over losses -
0.06
0.04
0.02
Force
F ( z) Potential
D ( z) 2 1 0 1 2
Trap regions can be
Stable Trap
of complex shape. 0.02
0.04
0.06
With standing waves in a low-loss resonator, small input intensity suffices to
z
produce substantial forces on particles.
Various mode shapes can be generated by varying frequency and resonator
geometry.
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
41. The Launch-Cost Dip and its Solution
Example for “Acoustic Shaping Inc.”, Virtual prototype of a Space-
based construction company 2000 NMB Competition
Discounted Cash Flows for ASI
120.00
80.00
Discounted Cash flow (M$)
40.00
0.00
-40.00
Both NASA R&D and Infrastructure, NPV = $700M
-80.00 NASA involvement in infrastructure development, NPV = $632M
NASA involvement in R&D, NPV = $369M
Baseline, NPV = $321M
-120.00
0 5 10 15 20
Year
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
42. ACOUSTIC SHAPING
Flight test proof of wall formation. Self-aligned. No spin.
Acoustic chamber
Mode 110 Styrofoam walls in reduced gravity
Ground test comparison between predicted
pressure contours and measured wall locations
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
43. SIMULATION: PREDICTED WALL SHAPES
220 320
110
100+020 230+100 110+220
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
44. Asteroid Reconstruction to Build Cities?
•Solar-powered radio resonators in the NEO region to reconstitute pulverized
asteroids into specified shapes.
•Formation-flown spacecraft to form desired resonator geometry.
•Asteroids pulverized using directed beam energy or robots,
•Solar energy converted to the appropriate frequencies.
•Materials and structures for such an endeavor must come mostly from lunar or
asteroidal sources.
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
45. Creating Examples of “Space-based Business”:
NMB2001
Concept for micro-g manufacturing, used to examine the startup of a
small company in space.
Non-contact manufacturing in reduced gravity
• Solid panels with specified shapes : flat, curved,
cylinders
• Scalable to 10ft x 10ft x 1” panels, or micro-fabrication
Flexible Automation: tailor sound & injection location
Compatible with solar energy: Acoustic drivers and radiant
heating
School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology