This document provides information on properly citing sources in academic writing. It defines key terms like citation and periodical and outlines the basic components required for citing different source types such as books, periodicals, websites and in-text citations. These components typically include the author, title, date and other identifying information. The document concludes by demonstrating the proper formats for both in-text citations and reference list entries using examples.

1. Citation Basics

2. Important Terms
• Citation – A reference to a source of
information
• Periodical – A
newspaper, journal, magazine, or other
regularly produced publication
• References – A list of the sources. It is the last
page of a research report or research-based
essay.

3. Basic Citation Requirements
• Author
• Title of the work
• The copyright date of the
work, including month or quarter

4. Periodical Citation Requirements
• Author
• Title of the work
• Date of the periodical, including month or
quarter
• The name of the publication
• The volume and issue number of the
publication
• The page numbers of the article

5. Book Citation Requirements
• Author
• Title of the work
• Copyright date of the work
• The name of the publisher
• The place of publication

6. Web Citation Requirements
• Title of Website
• Title of page
• Copyright date of the page
• The name of the posting organization
• Date the information was retrieved
• The Web address of the page

7. Citation Formats
• In-text citations – direct
quotations
• In-text citations – paraphrased
information
• Reference list format

8. In-Text Citations
Short direct quote and paraphrased:
According to Hopkinson (2012), “We now know
that the Titanic was about thirteen miles closer
to the Carpathia than anyone realized at the
time” (p. 94).
Pattern:
Author (year) “ “ (p #)

9. In-Text Citations
Long direct quote:
According to Hopkinson (2012):
Captain Rostron had no way of knowing how
many survivors he might have to take on – or
what condition they would be in. He gave
orders for the cooks to prepare warm beverages:
tea, coffee, and hot soup. The gathered all the
extra blankets they could find. All of the public
rooms, and the cabins belonging to the officers
and to Captain Rostron himself, would be turned
over to the survivors. (p. 168)
Pattern:
Author (year), Block, (p. #)

10. Reference List Format
References
Berg, I. (1912, April). Titanic: My side of the
story. Icebergs Illustrated, 45(2), 66-78.
Hopkinson, D. (2012). Titanic: Voices from the
disaster. New York: Scholastic Press.
Ship, D. (1985, September 1). What took you so
long? Retrieved February 4, 2013, from
www.shipwrecks.com:
http://www.shipwrecks.com/whattookyousolong